6
ระเบียบวิธีวิจัย
งานวิจัยในครั้งนี้ใช้รูปแบบการวิจัยเชิงคุณภาพเน้นศึกษาเอกสารที่เป็นเนื้อหาและข้อมูลเชิง
สถิติที่เกี่ยวข้องต่างๆ เช่น หนังสือบทความวิจัย บทความวิชาการ รายงานประจาปี ข่าว วีดีโอ เว็บไซต์
ฯลฯ โดยจะนาข้อมูลต่างๆมาวิเคราะห์โดยใช้รูปแบบการวิเคราะห์เชิงพรรณนา(Descriptive Analysis)
โดยประยุกต์ใช้แนวคิด Smart Power ของ Joseph S. Nye แนวคิด Emerging Power ของ Amitav
Archaya และทฤษฎีการวิเคราะห์นโยบายต่างประเทศมาเป็นกรอบในการศึกษาวิจัย
แนวความคิดในการวิเคราะห์
งานวิจัยชิ้นนี้จะใช้แนวความคิด Smart Power ของ Joseph S. Nye และ แนวความคิด
Emerging Power ของ Amitav Amatya ในการกาหนดตัวแปรอิสระ (Independent Variable) และตัว
แปรตาม (Dependent Variable) เพื่อวิเคราะห์การเป็นประเทศ “อานาจขนาดกลาง” โดย Smart Power
ของ Joseph S. Nye จะแบ่งเป็น Hard Power ซึ่งจะเกี่ยวข้องกับกาลังทหารและอานาจทางทหาร และ
Soft Power จะเกี่ยวข้องกับการดาเนินการทางการทูตต่างๆ (Diplomacy) ทั้งทวิภาคีและพหุภาคี
ตลอดจนความร่วมมือ การช่วยเหลือทางเทคนิคต่างๆ ฯลฯ และแนวคิด Emerging Power ของ
Acharya ที่เขาเสนอตัวชี้วัด 4 ประการที่สามารถระบุประเทศที่มีการก่อตัวของอานาจขึ้น ตัวชี้วัด 4
ประการได้แก่ ประชาธิปไตย (Democracy) การพัฒนา (Development) ความมั่นคงภายในประเทศ
(Stability) บวกกับนโยบายต่างประเทศในระดับโลก (Diplomacy)
ซึ่งจากแนวความคิดทั้งสองข้างต้นอาจนาเสนอในรูปแบบแผนภูมิดังนี้
แผนภูมิ 1.1
ตัวแปรอิสระ (Independent Variable) และตัวแปรตาม (Dependent Variable)
A Middle
Power
(DV)
Diplomacy
(IDV)
Development
(IDV)
Social
Stability
(IDV)
Military
Power (IDV)
35
ที่มา:
*Bender, Jeremy. (2015,October 3). RANKED: The world’s 20 strongest militaries. Retrieved
December 30, 2015, from http://www.businessinsider.com/these-are-the-worlds-20-strongest-
militaries-ranked-2015-9
**Central Intelligence Agency. (2013). COUNTRY COMPARISON :: MILITARY
EXPENDITURES. Retrieved December 30, 2015, from
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2034rank.html
***Global Firepower. (2015, December 5). Brazil Military Strength. . Retrieved December 30,
2015, from http://www.globalfirepower.com/country-military-strength-
detail.asp?country_id=brazil
****World Bank. (n.d.). Military Expenditure. Retrieved October 22, 2015, from
http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/MS.MIL.XPND.GD.ZS
Global Firepower. (2015, November 13). 2015 World Military Powers. . Retrieved
December 30, 2015, from http://www.globalfirepower.com/countries-listing.asp
Sam Perlo-Freeman, Aude Fleurant, Pieter D. Wezeman, & Siemon T. Wezeman.
(2015). Trends in world military expenditure, 2014. Stockholm International Peace
Research Institute. Retrieved from
http://books.sipri.org/product_info?c_product_id=496
เศรษฐกิจของตุรกี
ตั้งแต่หลังสงครามโลกครั้งที่สอง ตุรกีหันไปปรับใช้โครงสร้างการพัฒนาเศรษฐกิจแบบตะวันตก
โดยการเปิดการค้าเสรีไปพร้อมกับการสร้างกระบวนการประชาธิปโตย ในปี 1947 ตุรกีเริ่มเปิดรับ
กองทุนช่วยเหลือจากสหรัฐอเมริกาที่ผลักดันโดยหลักการทรูแมน (Truman Doctrine) และหลังจากนั้น
ในปี 1948 ตุรกีก็รับช่วยเหลือด้านเศรษฐกิจผ่านแผนการมาร์แชล (Marshall Plan) ของสหรัฐอเมริกา
เพื่อการฟื้นฟูยุโรปจากสงครามโลกครั้งที่สอง อย่างไรก็ตามปัจจัยหลักที่ทาให้ตุรกีเกิดการเปลี่ยนแปลง
69
บรรณานุกรม
Acharya, Amitav. (2014).Indonesia Matters: Asia’s Emerging Democratic Power. World
Scientific.
Ambler, K., Brauw,A., & Godlonton, S. (2015). Poverty reduction for smallholder farmers,
Brazilian-style: Can it work in Africa?. International Food Policy Research Institute.
Available at: http://www.ifpri.org/blog/poverty-reduction-smallholder-farmers-brazilian-
style-can-it-work-africa
Anadolu Agency. (2015). Turkey’s defense industry exports value up slightly in 2015. Retrieved
October 24, 2015, Available at: http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/turkeys-defense-
industry-exports-value-up-slightly-in-2015-----
.aspx?pageID=238&nID=82795&NewsCatID=345
Andree, N. (2014). Emerging middle powers and foreign policy activism: Turkey during the AKP
government. (Master dissertation, Universitas Antwerpen)
Anton Hermansyah & Arif Gunaw. (Friday February 6201 ). Retrieved Friday February 2016,
Available at: The Jarkarta Post: http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2016/02/05/2015-
and-2016-optimism-amid-turmoil.html#sthash.HQyKQ366.dpuf)
Arnson, C. & Sotero, P. (2010). Brazil as a Regional Power: Views from the Hemisphere.
Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars.
Asano, C. & Nascimento, J. (2015). Arms as foreign policy: the case of Brazil. International
Journal of Human Rights. Available at: http://sur.conectas.org/en/issue-22/arms-foreign-
policy-case-brazil/
Aydin, M. (2000). Determinants of Turkish foreign policy: changing patterns and conjunctures
during the Cold War. Middle Eastern Studies, 36(1), 103–139.
B.A. Hamzah. (2015). Sinking the Ships: Indonesia's Foreign Policy under Jokowi. Singapore:
RSIS.
Baer, J.A.(2015). UNASUR and Latin American Regionalism. Council Hemispheric Affairs.
Available at: http://www.coha.org/unasur-and-latin-american-regionalism/
70.
70
Barbosa, F.H. (1998) . Economic Development: the Brazilian experience. Development
Strategies in East Asia and Latin America.
Baumann, R. (2011). Brazil in the 1990s: an economy in transition. CEPAL Review.
Bender, Jeremy. (2015, October 3). RANKED: The world’s 20 strongest militaries. Retrieved
December 30, 2015, Available at: http://www.businessinsider.com/these-are-the-worlds-
20-strongest-militaries-ranked-2015-9
Bertonha, J.F. (2010). Brazil: an emerging military power? the problem of the use of force in
Brazilian international relations in the 21st century. Maringá State University.
Brazil: Elements for Effective Public Policy. Available at:
http://pdba.georgetown.edu/Security/citizensecurity/brazil/documents/docworldbank.pdf
Central Intelligence Agency. (2013). Country Comparison :: Military Expenditures.
Retrieved December 30, 2015, Available at:
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-
factbook/rankorder/2034rank.html
Central Intelligence Agency. (2015). Turkey. Retrieved October 25, 2015, Available at:
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/tu.html
Central Intelligence Agency. (n.d.). Developed Countries (DCs). Retrieved October 25, 2015,
Available at: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-
factbook/appendix/appendix-b.html#D
Chao et. al. ( 2014) . Middle Class Brazil Lifts Voice. Wall Street Journal. Available at:
http://www.wsj.com/articles/middle-class-brazil-lifts-voice-1411511724
Choudry, U.A. (2013). Brazil as an Emerging Economic Power: Dynamics & Implications.
Global Journal of Human Social Science Political Science. 13 (2)
Cox, Robert and Jacobson, Harold. (1973). The Anatomy of Influence: Decision Making in
International Organization. New York, Yale University Press.
71.
71
Davutoğu, A. 2008.Turkey’s foreign policy vision: an assessment of 2007. Insight Turkey, 10
(1), pp. 77-96.
Diehl,S. & Fuji, E. (2009). Brazil's New National Defense Strategy Calls for Strategic Nuclear
Developments. Nuclear Threat Initiative. Available at:
http://www.nti.org/analysis/articles/brazils-new-defense-strategy/
EGO GENEL MÜDÜRLÜĞÜ. (n.d.). Raylı Sistem Hizmetleri. Retrieved October 25, 2015,
Available at: http://www.ego.gov.tr/tr/sayfa/1075/rayli-sistem#
Eraslan, C. (2001). Understanding of Atatürk's Foreign Policy: Peace at Home, Peace in the
World and Accession of Hatay to Turkey, Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi Dergisi, 17(49), pp.
91-106.
Fuadi Pitsuwan. (2014). Smart Power Strategy: Recalibrating Indonesian Foreign Policy. Asian
Politics & Policy, Vol.6, No.2, P.237-266.
Gregory B. Poling. (2013). Dynamic Equilibrium: Indonesia’s Blueprint for a 21st Century Asia
Pacific Retrieved 21 February 2016 Available at: Center for Strategic and International
Studies: http://csis.org/publication/dynamic-equilibrium-indonesias-blueprint-21st-century-
asia-pacific
Global Firepower. (2015, December 5). Brazil Military Strength. . Retrieved December 30, 2015,
Available at: http://www.globalfirepower.com/country-military-strength-
detail.asp?country_id=brazil
Global Firepower. (2015, November 13). 2015 World Military Powers. . Retrieved
December 30, 2015, Available at: http://www.globalfirepower.com/countries-
listing.aspKirişci, K. & Kaptanoğlu, N. 2011. The politics of trade and Turkish foreign
policy, Middle Eastern Studies, 47 (5), pp. 705-724.
Global Humanitarian Assistance. (2014). Brazil. Available at:
http://www.globalhumanitarianassistance.org/countryprofile/brazil#tab-home
Global Security. (n.d.). Military Industry. Available at:
http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/brazil/industry.htm
72.
72
Hellendorff Bruno &Schmitz Manuel. (2014). Indonesia: From Regional to Global Power?.Grip
Analysis. Retrieved 10 October 2015, Available at: http://www.grip.org/en/node/1282.
Hogg, J., & Sezer, C. (2015). Erdogan aims to turn Turkey into major defense industry power.
Retrieved October 25, 2015, Available at: http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/05/27/us-
turkey-election-defence-idUSKBN0OC0FT20150527
Hoyos, C., & Amann, A. (2013). Turkey builds domestic defence industry. Retrieved October
25, 2014, Available at: http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/837ef75a-1980-11e3-afc2-
00144feab7de.html#axzz3pWZ12pfz
Hudson, M., Valerie. (2005). Foreign Policy Analysis: Actor-Specific Theory and the Ground of
International Relations. Foreign Policy Analysis, 1, 1-30.
Hunter, W. (2005). State and soldier in Latin America: Redefining the military's role in
Argentina, Brazil, and Chile. United States Institute of Peace.
Hürriyet. (2013). Number of Turkish military personnel revealed. Retrieved October 22, 2015,
Available at: http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/number-of-turkish-military-personnel-
revealed.aspx?pageID=238&nid=42417
Hürriyet. (2015). Cumhurbaşkanı Erdoğan’dan “Rusya” tepkisi: Sabretmemiz mümkün değil.
Retrieved October 22, 2015, Available at: http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/erdogandan-onemli-
aciklamalar-30246887
IBP Inc. (2015). Turkey Industrial and Business Directory: Volume 2 Industrial and Export
Contacts (Vol. 2). Washington DC: International Business Publications, Inc.
Iis Gindarsah and Adhi Priamarizki.) 2 0 1 5 .( Indonesia's Maritime Doctrine and Security
Concerns. Singapore: RSIS.
İnan, F. (2013). CIVIL G20 TURKEY REPORT (pp. 1–24). Ankara: The Economic Policy
Research Foundation of Turkey. Retrieved October, 2015, Available at:
http://www.tepav.org.tr/upload/files/1379085237-2.Civil_G20_Turkey_Report.pdf
Jordaan, Eduard Politikon: South African Journal of Political Studies
Volume 30, Issue 1, 2003 Retrieved October 20, 2015, Available at:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0258934032000147282#preview
73.
73
Kiernan, P.(2015). Brazil’sEconomic Crisis Beats the Emerging Middle Class Back Down. Wall
Street Journal. Available at: http://www.wsj.com/articles/brazils-economic-crisis-beats-
the-emerging-middle-class-back-down-1447115566
Koutri, A. (2011). Turkish foreign policy and Turkey’s role as a middle power (Doctoral
dissertation, Istanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi).
Kuru, A. T. (2012). The rise and fall of military tutelage in Turkey: fears of Islamism, Kurdism
and communism, Insight Turkey, 14 (2), pp. 37- 57.
Laciner, S. (2009). Turgut Özal Period in Turkish Foreign Policy: Özalism. Retrieved September
2015, Available at: http://www.turkishweekly.net/2009/03/09/article/turgut-ozal-period-in-
turkish-foreign-policy-ozalism/
Lins, M.A.D.T. & Silva, L.P. (2011). Brazil and the G20: Recent Development Strategy and
Strength among “New” Emerging Economies. Perception and Perspectives for Global
Governance. Available at: http: / / www. kas. de/ upload/ dokumente/ 2011/ 10/ G20_E-
Book/chapter_3.pdf
Marcus Mietzner. (2015). Indonesia in 2014: Jokowi and the Repolarization of Post-Soeharto
Politics. in Marcus Mietzner, and Daljit Singh (editor), Southeast Asian Affairs 52 0 1
(p.119-135). Singapore: ISEAS Publishing.
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Turkey. (n.d.). TURKEY-AFRICA RELATIONS. Retrieved October
25, 2015, Available at: http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkey-africa-relations.en.mfa
NATO. (2015, October 5). Statement by the North Atlantic Council on incursions into Turkey’s
airspace by Russian aircraft. Retrieved October 22, 2015, Available at:
http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/news_123392.htm
NATO. (2015, November 30). Joint press point with NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg
and the Prime Minister of Turkey, Ahmet Davutoğlu. Retrieved December 20, 2015,
Available at: http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/opinions_125210.htm
Nicholas Fang and Cheryl Tan. (2016). Retrieved Friday February 2016. Available at: The
Jakarta Post: http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2 0 1 6 /0 2 /0 5 /terrorism-and-future-
investment-southeast-asia.html#sthash.TugPMYif.dpuf)
74.
74
Nugraha, WasanaAdi. (2014).Balancing Power in Asia-Pacific Region: The Role of Indonesia
2010-2014. Master Independent Study, Rangsit University.
Nye, Joseph S. (2004). Soft Power: The Means to Success in World Politics. New York: Public
Affairs.
OECD . (2011). An Overview of Growing Income Inequalities in OECD Countries: MainFinding.
Paris: OECD Publishing.
Öktem, K. 2011. Turkey since 1989: angry nation, Global history of the present series, London:
Zed Books.
Ordoñez, S. (2015). Brazil has 2 kinds of problems, and they're both bad. CNBC. Available at:
http: / / www. cnbc. com/ 2015/ 08/ 21/ brazil-has-2-kinds-of-problems-and-theyre-both-
bad.html
Organski, A.F.K, & Kugler, Jacek. (1980). The War Ledger. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago
Press.
Pio, C. ( 2011) . Brazil’s Mercosur Economic Strategy: From Destiny to Impairment. E-
International Relations. Available at: http://www.e-ir.info/2011/10/28/brazil’s-mercosur-
economic-strategy/
Rizal Sukma. 2011 .(Indonesia's Security Outlook, Defence Policy and Regional Cooperation.)?.
Renda, K. K. (2011). Turkey’s Neighbourhood Policy: An Emerging Complex Interdependence?
Insight Turkey, 13(1), 89–108.
Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Culture. Retrieved September 2015,
Available at: http://www.kultur.gov.tr/EN,35054/culture.html
Republic of Turkey Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Turkey’s Development Cooperation: General
Characteristics and The Least Developed Countries (LDC) Aspect. Retrieved September
2015, Available at: http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkey_s-development-cooperation.en.mfa
Republic of Turkey Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Turkey’s Relations with NATO. Retrieved
September 2015, Available at: http://www.mfa.gov.tr/nato.en.mfa
75.
75
Rezende, N. (2016) . Brazil, Latin America, and a new Foreign policy agenda. Global
Independent Analytics. Retrieved 1 March, 2016. Available at: https://gianalytics.org/383-
brazil-latin-america-and-a-new-foreign-policy-agendas
Ristovic, A. (2012). Brazil’s Soft Power and Dilma’s Dilemma. USC Center on Public
Diplomacy. Retreived 1 March, 2016. Available at:
https://uscpublicdiplomacy.org/pdin_monitor_article/brazils_soft_power_and_dilmas_dile
mma
Robinson, A. ( 2016) . Can Brazil’s Worker’s Party Survive?. The Nation. Available at:
http://www.thenation.com/article/can-brazils-workers-party-survive/
Rosen, B. (2013). The MIKTA way forward: The potential, risk, and future of MIKTA
diplomacy. Washington Quarterly, 36(3), 91-105.
Sam Perlo-Freeman, Aude Fleurant, Pieter D. Wezeman, & Siemon T. Wezeman. (2015).
Trends in world military expenditure, 2014. Stockholm International Peace Research
Institute. Retrieved January 25, 2016. Available at:
http://books.sipri.org/product_info?c_product_id=496
Santini, D. & Viana, N. (2012). Brazil Arms Exports: Country Preaches Peace, Sells Tons Of
Arms. Huffington Post. Available at: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/02/28/brazil-
arms-exports_n_1295083.html
Seth Colby, (2012). Explaining the BNDES: What It Is, What It Does and How It Works, CEBRI
Artigos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Centro Brasileiro de Relações Internacionais.
Shin, Dong-min (2012), ‘Concept of Middle Power and the Case of the ROK: A
Review’, Korea Yearbook 2012: Politics, Economy and Society (Netherlands: Brill), pp.
131-52
Sidney Jones and Solahudin. (2015). ISIS in Indonesia. in Sidney Jones and Solahudin,
Southeast Asia Affairs, pp. 54-163. Singapore: ISEAS Publishing.
76.
76
SIPRI. (2014, April14). The 15 countries with the highest military expenditure in 2013. Retrieved
October 23, 2015, Available at:
http://www.sipri.org/googlemaps/milex_top_15_2013_exp_map.html
Sözen, A. 2010. A paradigm shift in Turkish foreign policy: transition and challenges, Turkish
Studies, 11 (1), pp. 103-123.
Spektor, M. ( 2012) . Humanitarian Interventionism Brazilian Style?. American Quarterly.
Available at: http://www.americasquarterly.org/humanitarian-interventionism-brazilian-
style
Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. (n.d.). Brazil Arms transfer. Available at:
http://armstrade.sipri.org/armstrade/page/values.php
Survival International. (n.d.). Braizilian Indians. Available at:
http://www.survivalinternational.org/tribes/brazilian
T.C. Devlet Demiryolları. (n.d. 1). YHT TRENLERİ. เข้าถึงเมื่อ October 25, 2015, Available at:
http://www.tcdd.gov.tr/yuksek-hizli-tren+m96
T.C. Devlet Demiryolları. (n.d. 2). Uluslararası Trenler. เข้าถึงเมื่อ October 25, 2015, Available
at: http://www.tcdd.gov.tr/uluslararasi+m101
ThaibizBrazil.(2015). บ ร า ซิ ล : ผู้ น า แ ห่ ง MERCOSUR แ ล ะ ก้ า ว ต่ อ ไ ป . Available
at:http://www.thaibizbrazil.com/br/knowledges/detail.php?id=20068
The CIA World Factbook. 2015. Turkey. Retrieved September 2015, Available at:
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/tu.html
The Economist Group. (2015). Turkey: Basic Data. Retrieved October 25, 2015, Available at:
http://country.eiu.com/article.aspx?articleid=233615007&Country=Turkey&topic=Summar
y&subtopic=Basic+data
The Guardian. 2015. Turkey's president calls for new election after government deadline passes.
Retrieved September 2015, Available at:
(http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/aug/24/turkey-president-new-election-
government-deadline
77.
77
The World Bank.(2014a). GDP per Capital. Retrieved October 23, 2015, Available at:
http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD
The World Bank. (2014b). Turkey. Retrieved October 23, 2015, Available at:
http://data.worldbank.org/country/turkey
The World Bank. (n.d.). Military Expenditure. Retrieved October 22, 2015, Available at:
http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/MS.MIL.XPND.GD.ZS
The World Bank. (n.d.). GDP growth (annual %). Available at:
http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG
The World Bank. (n.d.). Military expenditure (% of GDP). Available at:
http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/MS.MIL.XPND.GD.ZS
The World Bank. (n.d.).Overview. Retrieved 1 March, 2016. Available at:
http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/brazil/overview#1
Tür, Ö. & Han, A. (2012). “A framework for understanding the changing Turkish foreign policy
of the 2000s”, in Özden Zeynep Oktav (ed.), Turkey in the 21st century: quest for a new
foreign policy, Farnham: Ashgate, pp. 7-29.
Turam, B. (2014). Gulen, Erdogan and democracy in Turkey. Retrieved September 2015,
Available at: http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2014/03/gulen-vs-erdogan-
struggle-thre-2014311144829299446.html
Turkish Statistical Institute. 2015. Key Indicators. Retrieved September 2015, Available at:
http://www.turkstat.gov.tr/Start.do
Trading Economics. Brazil GDP Annual Growth Rate 1991-2016. Available at:
http://www.tradingeconomics.com/brazil/gdp-growth-annual
Trinkunas, H. (2015). Brazil's Global Ambitions. Brookings. Available at:
http://www.brookings.edu/research/articles/2015/02/04-brazil-global-ambitions-
trinkunas#_ftnref5
UNDP. (2015). Turkey (Human Development Report 2015 Work for human development
Briefing: note for countries on the 2015 Human Development Report) (pp. 1–7). United
78.
78
Nations Development Programme.Available at:
http://hdr.undp.org/sites/all/themes/hdr_theme/country-notes/TUR.pdf
United Nations Children’s Fund. (2014). The government of Brazil and UNICEF: Global
partnership for humanitarian cooperation. Available at:
http://www.unicef.org/brazil/pt/br_hssc_unicef_report_english.pdf
Willemsen, J. & Leferink, B. (2010). Summary History of Brazil.
Wood, Bernard. (1987). Middle Powers in the International System: A Preliminary Assessment
of Potential. United Nations.
World Bank. (2014). How to Reduce Poverty: A New Lesson from Brazil for the World?.
Available at: http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2014/03/22/mundo-sin-pobreza-
leccion-brasil-mundo-bolsa-familia
World Bank.(2006). Crime, Violence and Economic Development in Brazil. Elements for
Effective Public Policy. Available at: http://www-
wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2007/06/20/000090341
_20070620103207/Rendered/PDF/365250BR.pdf
World Population Review (2016). Brazil Population 2016. Available at:
http://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/brazil-population/
Zürcher, E. J. (1993). Turkey: A Modern History. London: Tauris.
กระทรวงการต่างประเทศ (2558, 10 มิถุนายน 2558). เอเชีย : สาธารณรัฐอินโดนีเซีย.
http://www.mfa.go.th/main/th/world/70/10271.html
ไกรฤกษ์ นานา. (2553). ความสัมพันธ์ไทย-ตุรกี 50 ปี.กรุงเทพฯ: บริษัท สานักพิมพ์ประพันธ์สาส์น
จากัด.
กรุงเทพธุรกิจออนไลน์) .5 กุมภาพันธ์ 2559). เศรษฐกิจอินโดนีเซียโดต่าสุดในรอบ 6ปี. เรียกใช้เมื่อ 6
กุมภาพันธ์2559
ยาสมิน ซัตตาร์. (2014).ผลของการเมืองระหว่างประเทศต่อกระบวนการสันติภาพเติร์ก-เคิร์ด. เข้าถึงได้
จาก http://www.deepsouthwatch.org/node/6262 (กันยายน 2015)