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‫ماضی بعید‬

‫گذشته کامل‬
past perfect :

had + past participles
Why past perfect?
‫?‪Why past perfect‬‬
‫ماضی بعید را زمانی به کار می بریم که بخواهیم در مورد •‬
  ‫کاری صحبت کنیم که در گذشته قبل از کار دیگری یا قبل‬
    ‫از زمان خاصی انجام شده باشد. یعنی معمول باید از دو‬
    ‫کار صحبت کنیم که یکی زودتر انجام شده اما اگرتنها از‬
     ‫یک کار که در گذشته انجام شده صحبت کنیم از ماضی‬
                                     ‫.ساده استفاده می کنیم‬
Pay attention:
‫:در فارسی‬
‫در زبان فارسی با استفاده از صفت مفعولی )بن ماضی فعل •‬
   ‫+ ه( + بودن ماضی بعید ساخته می شود.مثل رفته بود –‬
                                        ‫... نوشته بود و‬
‫ماضی بعید در زبان انگلیسی‬
‫• در زبان انگلیسی که آن را گذشته کامل می نامند با استفاده‬
‫از ‪ had + past participle‬ساخته می شود .قسمت اول‬
‫فعل کمکی ‪ had‬و قسمت دوم ‪ past participle‬به معنی‬
    ‫اسم مفعول . فعل ‪ had‬معادل فعل " بودن " و اسم‬
                   ‫مفعول هم همان صفت مفعولی می باشد.‬
‫اسم مفعول‬
‫به حا لت صفتی گذشته فعل اسم مفعول گفته می شود که در •‬
  ‫زبان فارسی هما ن صفت مفعولی است . در زبان انگلیسی‬
    ‫به افعال با قاعده اسم مفعول آنها ساخته ‪ d‬یا ‪ ed‬با افزودن‬
   ‫می شود برای افعال بی قاعده هم باید شکل درست آنها را‬
    ‫از یک منبع معتبر پیدا کرده و از حفظ نمود. گاهی اوقات‬
       ‫به اسم مفعول شکل سوم فعل هم می گویند. برای معنی‬
    ‫کردن اسم مفعولها معنی صفت مفعولی فعل مورد نظر در‬
                         ‫زبان فارسی را در نظر می گیریم‬
‫چند فعل با قاعده‬

•    wash    washed( pt )      washed ( pp )
•    explain   explained ( pt) explained ( pp )
•   invite    invited ( pt )     invited ( pp )
•   plan        planned ( pt ) planned ( pp )
•   paint    painted ( pt )     painted ( pp )
•   clean       cleaned ( pt ) cleaned ( pp )
‫: چند فعل بی قاعده‬

•   see     saw ( pt )      seen ( pp )
•   take    took ( pt )     taken( pp )
•   buy      bought( pt )   bought ( pp )
•   put     put ( pt )      put( pp )
•   eat     ate ( pt )      eaten ( pp )
•   build   built ( pt )    built( pp )
‫نشانه ها‬
  ‫• کلمات ربط ‪) before‬قبل از( و ‪ )because‬زیرا (‬
    ‫و‪) when‬وقتی که ( و ‪) after‬بعد از( و ‪ ) until‬تا‬
‫زمانی که( می توانند به عنوان نشانه های ماضی بعید به‬
                                            ‫کار بروند‬
‫:مهم‬
‫• قبل از‪ when , before‬ماضی بعید و بعد از انها ماضی‬
                                   ‫ساده به کار می رود‬
       ‫• اما در مورد ‪ after , until , because‬وضعیت‬
  ‫برعکس است یعنی قبل از آن ماضی ساده و بعد از آنها‬
                           ‫ماضی بعید به کار می رود.‬
Examples:
•   1- I had eaten a sandwich before I went to bed.
•   2- She had cooked dinner before she watched TV.
•   3- My mother had washed the dishes when I arrived.
•   4- Reza had done his homework before he played
    football.
•   5- They had watched the news before they ate dinner.
•   6- She had turned off the lamps before she went to
    bed.
•   7- she kept on until she had returned all the bananas.
•   8- I went to bed after I had brushed my teeth.
More examples:
• 9- Reza was upset because he had lost his money.
• 10- We were sorry because we had made a lot of
  mistakes.
• 11- He was happy because he had helped the old
  man.
• 12- They were upset because they had got bad marks.
• 13- I was very tired because I had worked very hard.
• 14- She was happy after she had finished her work.
‫:نکته‬
 ‫• بعد از فعلهایی که یک جمله به عنوان مفعول به کار می‬
‫رود اگر فعل اصلی جمله گذشته باشد فعل جمله بعد از آن‬
                             ‫می توند ماضی بعید باشد.‬
Examples:
• We found out who had stolen the money.
• He said that they had gone home before.
Exercises:
•   1- Had your brother done his homework before you telephoned him?
•      No, he hadn’t. He ……………………..a letter before I telephoned him.
    ( write )
•   2- Had they learned French before they …………………..the country? No,
    they hadn’t. ( leave )
•   3- Had David ………………….the tickets before the match started? Yes, he
    had. ( buy )
•   4- Had Ali lived there for many years before you met him? No, he
    ………………….not .( have )
•   5- I ………………….the dishes on the table before I went out. ( put )
•   6- She had cleaned the room carefully before they …………………….. . ( arrive
    )
•   7- Mrs Jones was very happy because she …………………..her little son. ( find
    )
Exercises:
• 8- Jane didn’t ……………..there because they hadn’t invited her.
  ( go )
• 9- Mr White didn’t wear the shirt because his wife ……………………… .
  ( not wash )
• 10- The boys ……………..to rest because they thy had walked for ten
  Kilometers. ( decide )
• 11- Ahmad played ping pong very well because he had ………………for
  many years. ( practice )
• 12- Why were you unhappy last night? I ……………a sad story. ( read )
• 13-I ………………..my office early because I had finished my work .
  ( leave )
• 14- He didn’t eat the fruits because he hadn’t …………them . ( wash )
Exercises:

• 15-Jane was so happy because she ……………very good marks. ( get )
• 16-The man ………………so upset because he had made a lot of
  mistakes. ( be )
• 17-I didn’t let Sally watch TV because she hadn’t ………………….her
  homework. ( do )
• 18-Why did you ……………..her your book? Because she had lost her
  book. ( give )
• 19- Why didn’t Mary go their party ? she didn’t go there because
  they ………………….her.(not invite)
• 20-Why did you leave early?
•    I left early because I ………………. my work. ( finish )

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ماضی بعید

  • 2. past perfect : had + past participles
  • 4. ‫?‪Why past perfect‬‬ ‫ماضی بعید را زمانی به کار می بریم که بخواهیم در مورد •‬ ‫کاری صحبت کنیم که در گذشته قبل از کار دیگری یا قبل‬ ‫از زمان خاصی انجام شده باشد. یعنی معمول باید از دو‬ ‫کار صحبت کنیم که یکی زودتر انجام شده اما اگرتنها از‬ ‫یک کار که در گذشته انجام شده صحبت کنیم از ماضی‬ ‫.ساده استفاده می کنیم‬
  • 6. ‫:در فارسی‬ ‫در زبان فارسی با استفاده از صفت مفعولی )بن ماضی فعل •‬ ‫+ ه( + بودن ماضی بعید ساخته می شود.مثل رفته بود –‬ ‫... نوشته بود و‬
  • 7. ‫ماضی بعید در زبان انگلیسی‬ ‫• در زبان انگلیسی که آن را گذشته کامل می نامند با استفاده‬ ‫از ‪ had + past participle‬ساخته می شود .قسمت اول‬ ‫فعل کمکی ‪ had‬و قسمت دوم ‪ past participle‬به معنی‬ ‫اسم مفعول . فعل ‪ had‬معادل فعل " بودن " و اسم‬ ‫مفعول هم همان صفت مفعولی می باشد.‬
  • 8. ‫اسم مفعول‬ ‫به حا لت صفتی گذشته فعل اسم مفعول گفته می شود که در •‬ ‫زبان فارسی هما ن صفت مفعولی است . در زبان انگلیسی‬ ‫به افعال با قاعده اسم مفعول آنها ساخته ‪ d‬یا ‪ ed‬با افزودن‬ ‫می شود برای افعال بی قاعده هم باید شکل درست آنها را‬ ‫از یک منبع معتبر پیدا کرده و از حفظ نمود. گاهی اوقات‬ ‫به اسم مفعول شکل سوم فعل هم می گویند. برای معنی‬ ‫کردن اسم مفعولها معنی صفت مفعولی فعل مورد نظر در‬ ‫زبان فارسی را در نظر می گیریم‬
  • 9. ‫چند فعل با قاعده‬ • wash washed( pt ) washed ( pp ) • explain explained ( pt) explained ( pp ) • invite invited ( pt ) invited ( pp ) • plan planned ( pt ) planned ( pp ) • paint painted ( pt ) painted ( pp ) • clean cleaned ( pt ) cleaned ( pp )
  • 10. ‫: چند فعل بی قاعده‬ • see saw ( pt ) seen ( pp ) • take took ( pt ) taken( pp ) • buy bought( pt ) bought ( pp ) • put put ( pt ) put( pp ) • eat ate ( pt ) eaten ( pp ) • build built ( pt ) built( pp )
  • 11. ‫نشانه ها‬ ‫• کلمات ربط ‪) before‬قبل از( و ‪ )because‬زیرا (‬ ‫و‪) when‬وقتی که ( و ‪) after‬بعد از( و ‪ ) until‬تا‬ ‫زمانی که( می توانند به عنوان نشانه های ماضی بعید به‬ ‫کار بروند‬
  • 12. ‫:مهم‬ ‫• قبل از‪ when , before‬ماضی بعید و بعد از انها ماضی‬ ‫ساده به کار می رود‬ ‫• اما در مورد ‪ after , until , because‬وضعیت‬ ‫برعکس است یعنی قبل از آن ماضی ساده و بعد از آنها‬ ‫ماضی بعید به کار می رود.‬
  • 13. Examples: • 1- I had eaten a sandwich before I went to bed. • 2- She had cooked dinner before she watched TV. • 3- My mother had washed the dishes when I arrived. • 4- Reza had done his homework before he played football. • 5- They had watched the news before they ate dinner. • 6- She had turned off the lamps before she went to bed. • 7- she kept on until she had returned all the bananas. • 8- I went to bed after I had brushed my teeth.
  • 14. More examples: • 9- Reza was upset because he had lost his money. • 10- We were sorry because we had made a lot of mistakes. • 11- He was happy because he had helped the old man. • 12- They were upset because they had got bad marks. • 13- I was very tired because I had worked very hard. • 14- She was happy after she had finished her work.
  • 15. ‫:نکته‬ ‫• بعد از فعلهایی که یک جمله به عنوان مفعول به کار می‬ ‫رود اگر فعل اصلی جمله گذشته باشد فعل جمله بعد از آن‬ ‫می توند ماضی بعید باشد.‬
  • 16. Examples: • We found out who had stolen the money. • He said that they had gone home before.
  • 17. Exercises: • 1- Had your brother done his homework before you telephoned him? • No, he hadn’t. He ……………………..a letter before I telephoned him. ( write ) • 2- Had they learned French before they …………………..the country? No, they hadn’t. ( leave ) • 3- Had David ………………….the tickets before the match started? Yes, he had. ( buy ) • 4- Had Ali lived there for many years before you met him? No, he ………………….not .( have ) • 5- I ………………….the dishes on the table before I went out. ( put ) • 6- She had cleaned the room carefully before they …………………….. . ( arrive ) • 7- Mrs Jones was very happy because she …………………..her little son. ( find )
  • 18. Exercises: • 8- Jane didn’t ……………..there because they hadn’t invited her. ( go ) • 9- Mr White didn’t wear the shirt because his wife ……………………… . ( not wash ) • 10- The boys ……………..to rest because they thy had walked for ten Kilometers. ( decide ) • 11- Ahmad played ping pong very well because he had ………………for many years. ( practice ) • 12- Why were you unhappy last night? I ……………a sad story. ( read ) • 13-I ………………..my office early because I had finished my work . ( leave ) • 14- He didn’t eat the fruits because he hadn’t …………them . ( wash )
  • 19. Exercises: • 15-Jane was so happy because she ……………very good marks. ( get ) • 16-The man ………………so upset because he had made a lot of mistakes. ( be ) • 17-I didn’t let Sally watch TV because she hadn’t ………………….her homework. ( do ) • 18-Why did you ……………..her your book? Because she had lost her book. ( give ) • 19- Why didn’t Mary go their party ? she didn’t go there because they ………………….her.(not invite) • 20-Why did you leave early? • I left early because I ………………. my work. ( finish )