Spread plate technique.pptx
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POUR PLATE TECHNIQUE.pptx
This document outlines a procedure for isolating microorganisms from a sample using the pour plate method. The aims are to isolate and obtain pure cultures of microorganisms. The principle involves diluting the sample and mixing it with warm agar which is then poured into petri dishes to form individual colonies after incubation. Colonies are then transferred to fresh media for identification. The procedure involves preparing and sterilizing media, diluting the sample, pour plating the dilutions, incubating, and recording results to determine the number of viable microorganisms present.
The Streak plate method,
Streaking Method, Streak Plate Method, Culturing Technique, The Streak Plate Method, Microbiological Culturing Technique
Isolation and preservation of microorganism
A pure culture theoretically contains a single bacterial species. There are a number of procedures available for the isolation of pure cultures from mixed populations. A pure culture may be isolated by the use of special media with specific chemical or physical agents that allow the enrichment or selection of one
organism over another.
PRESERVATION AND MAINTENANCE OF PURE CULTURE
Pure cultures require proper preservation and maintenance to remain viable and unchanged over time. Methods for preserving pure cultures include lyophilization, cryopreservation, and storage on agar slants or plates at appropriate temperatures. Proper sub-culturing techniques and sterile practices help maintain purity of the culture and prevent contamination.
Preservation of microbes
The document discusses various methods for preserving microorganisms. Short term methods include periodic transfer to fresh medium, storage in saline suspension, and refrigeration. Long term methods involve storage under mineral oil, lyophilization (freeze drying), cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen, and storage in sterile soil or silica gel. Lyophilization works by freezing and then reducing moisture content through sublimation and desorption. It allows storage at room temperature for many years but can damage some microbes. Cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen at -196°C also enables long term storage of over 10-30 years without genetic change.
Pure culture techniques
The document discusses various techniques for obtaining pure cultures of microorganisms, including streak plating, spread plating, serial dilution, and single cell isolation. Streak plating involves streaking bacteria across nutrient agar plates using a loop to separate individual colonies. Serial dilution uses successive dilutions of a mixed culture in liquid media to isolate a predominant microorganism. Single cell isolation picks a single cell from a culture using a micromanipulator or capillary pipette and allows it to multiply, producing a pure culture. These pure culture techniques are important for laboratory study of individual microbial species.
Pure culture techniques
The learner will understand various methods like streak plate technique, pour plate technique, spread plate technique and micromanupulator technique
SERIAL DILUTION TECHNIQUE.pptx
The serial dilution technique is used to count microbial colonies in environmental samples. It involves mixing a sample with diluent at ratios of 1:2 or 1:10 to reduce the microbial concentration to a countable level. The sample is serially diluted up to 10-8 and plated using the pour plate method. The plates are incubated and colonies are counted. The number of colonies per gram of sample is then calculated using the dilution factor. This technique allows microbiologists to study the number and types of microorganisms present in various environmental sources.
Recommended
POUR PLATE TECHNIQUE.pptx
This document outlines a procedure for isolating microorganisms from a sample using the pour plate method. The aims are to isolate and obtain pure cultures of microorganisms. The principle involves diluting the sample and mixing it with warm agar which is then poured into petri dishes to form individual colonies after incubation. Colonies are then transferred to fresh media for identification. The procedure involves preparing and sterilizing media, diluting the sample, pour plating the dilutions, incubating, and recording results to determine the number of viable microorganisms present.
The Streak plate method,
Streaking Method, Streak Plate Method, Culturing Technique, The Streak Plate Method, Microbiological Culturing Technique
Isolation and preservation of microorganism
A pure culture theoretically contains a single bacterial species. There are a number of procedures available for the isolation of pure cultures from mixed populations. A pure culture may be isolated by the use of special media with specific chemical or physical agents that allow the enrichment or selection of one
organism over another.
PRESERVATION AND MAINTENANCE OF PURE CULTURE
Pure cultures require proper preservation and maintenance to remain viable and unchanged over time. Methods for preserving pure cultures include lyophilization, cryopreservation, and storage on agar slants or plates at appropriate temperatures. Proper sub-culturing techniques and sterile practices help maintain purity of the culture and prevent contamination.
Preservation of microbes
The document discusses various methods for preserving microorganisms. Short term methods include periodic transfer to fresh medium, storage in saline suspension, and refrigeration. Long term methods involve storage under mineral oil, lyophilization (freeze drying), cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen, and storage in sterile soil or silica gel. Lyophilization works by freezing and then reducing moisture content through sublimation and desorption. It allows storage at room temperature for many years but can damage some microbes. Cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen at -196°C also enables long term storage of over 10-30 years without genetic change.
Pure culture techniques
The document discusses various techniques for obtaining pure cultures of microorganisms, including streak plating, spread plating, serial dilution, and single cell isolation. Streak plating involves streaking bacteria across nutrient agar plates using a loop to separate individual colonies. Serial dilution uses successive dilutions of a mixed culture in liquid media to isolate a predominant microorganism. Single cell isolation picks a single cell from a culture using a micromanipulator or capillary pipette and allows it to multiply, producing a pure culture. These pure culture techniques are important for laboratory study of individual microbial species.
Pure culture techniques
The learner will understand various methods like streak plate technique, pour plate technique, spread plate technique and micromanupulator technique
SERIAL DILUTION TECHNIQUE.pptx
The serial dilution technique is used to count microbial colonies in environmental samples. It involves mixing a sample with diluent at ratios of 1:2 or 1:10 to reduce the microbial concentration to a countable level. The sample is serially diluted up to 10-8 and plated using the pour plate method. The plates are incubated and colonies are counted. The number of colonies per gram of sample is then calculated using the dilution factor. This technique allows microbiologists to study the number and types of microorganisms present in various environmental sources.
Most probable number (MPN) method
The document discusses the Most Probable Number (MPN) technique, which is used to estimate the concentration of viable microorganisms in water samples. It works by inoculating water samples into broth at different dilutions and observing growth, based on the principle of extinction dilution. A positive/negative result is obtained from lactose fermentation tests in broth. These results are interpreted using an MPN table to estimate the number of bacteria per 100ml of water. The document outlines the materials, presumptive test procedure involving broth incubation, confirmatory test using EMB agar plates, and complete test of Gram staining suspicious colonies to identify bacteria like E. coli.
Pure culture techniques
A Simple & Easy to Understand presentation explaining pure culture techniques for growing microbial organisms...
Isolation and characterization of microbes
This document discusses the isolation and characterization of microbes. It defines key terms like microbes, pure culture, mixed culture, species, and strain. It describes common methods used to isolate pure cultures from mixed populations, including streak plate technique, micromanipulator method, enrichment culture method, and serial dilution method. The document also discusses maintaining and preserving pure cultures through refrigeration, cryopreservation, and lyophilization. It explains how microbes can be characterized based on colony appearance, form, elevation, margins, and optical density.
Bacterial Cells Enumeration
1. There are two main types of bacterial counts - total bacterial count and total viable count. Total bacterial count includes both living and dead cells while total viable count only measures living cells.
2. Bacterial enumeration is important for comparing growth under different conditions, and in industries like dairy, food, and water microbiology.
3. Methods of enumeration include direct counting using microscopy or Coulter counter, and indirect counting of viable cells using serial dilution plating or membrane filtration. Other methods determine cell mass through dry weight, nitrogen content, or turbidity measurements.
Capsule staining
This document discusses capsule staining, which is a technique used to identify the presence of bacterial capsules under a light microscope. It begins by defining bacterial capsules and explaining their functions, which include helping bacteria resist phagocytosis and providing protection. It then discusses the principle of capsule staining, which uses a negative stain to contrast the unstained capsule against stained bacterial cells. The procedure involves smearing a bacterial culture onto a slide with negative stain, staining with a counterstain like crystal violet, and examining under a microscope for unstained capsules surrounding stained cells. Examples of capsule-containing bacteria that can be identified this way include Klebsiella pneumoniae and Bacillus anthracis.
Measurement of microbial growth
This document discusses various methods for measuring microbial growth, including direct cell counting, viable cell counting, and measurement of cell mass and constituents.
Direct cell counting can be done using a counting chamber under a microscope or with an electronic particle counter. Viable cell counts are determined using plate counting methods which allow colonies to form. Measurement of cell mass can be done by dry weight or turbidimetrically, while cell constituents like protein and ATP can also indicate growth. Overall, the document provides an overview of key techniques for quantifying and analyzing microbial cultures.
Enumeration methods ppt
Enumeration is counting of microorganisms present in a sample.
This is done to know the intense of presence of the spoilers in the spoiled food.
To detect which type of organism is responsible for the spoilage.
Mostly this is done two important methods.
Viable count
Total count
VIABLE COUNT:
A viable cell count allows one to identify the number of actively growing or dividing cells in a sample.
The plate count method or spread plate method relies on bacteria growing a colony on a nutrient medium.
Number of colonies can be counted.
Plate count agar is used for general count
MacConkey agar is used for Gram negative organisms.
TOTAL COUNT:
The initial analysis is done by mixing serial dilution of sample in liquid nutrient agar which is then poured into bottles.
The bottles are then sealed and laid on their sides to produce a slopping agar surface.
The colonies are then counted by eye.The total number of colonies are said as Total Viable Count. The initial analysis is done by mixing serial dilution of sample in liquid nutrient agar which is then poured into bottles.
The bottles are then sealed and laid on their sides to produce a slopping agar surface.
The colonies are then counted by eye.The total number of colonies are said as Total Viable Count.
Pour plate method:
The same procedure is done for this till serial dilution.
The serially diluted sample is then mixed with the molten nutrient agar.
Then poured onto the sterile petridish.
Incubated under appropriate temperature amd the colonies where counted.
ConclusionThe enumeration of these spoiled food samples are important to encounter the type of microbe is causing the spoilage.
And hence this is used to prevent the same type of spoilage.
This can be avoided by making the environmental changes which inhibits the organism which is responsible for the spoilage.
Pure Culture preservation Methods
Pure culture preservation of microbes are described in detain. Different short and long term preservation are explained in detail. Methods like Agar slant cultures (Sub culturing) & Refrigeration , Mineral Oil or Liquid Paraffin Method,Saline suspension storage, Drying in Vacuum, Storage at low temperatures (Cryopreservation) and Lyophilization (Freeze drying) are included.
MEASURMENTS OF BACTERIAL GROWTH
GROWTH OF BACTERIA CANNOT BE MEASURED DIRECTLY BY SEEING THEM AS THEY ARE MICROSCOPIC STRUCTURES THEREFORE WE HAVE TO USE SEVERAL METHODS WHICH ARE DESCRIBED IN THIS PRESENTATION
Screening of industrial microorganisms
This document discusses screening techniques used to isolate microorganisms of interest from a population. It describes primary screening as an initial process to discard many non-useful microbes while detecting a small percentage that may have industrial applications. Secondary screening further tests the capabilities of these isolated microorganisms to determine their real potential value. Some primary screening techniques mentioned include using crowded plates, detecting organic acid production, and screening for antibiotic production. The document also discusses improving crowded plate techniques and the goals and approaches of secondary screening to evaluate a microorganism's potential for industrial use.
Measurement of microbial growth
Direct methods of measurement of microbial growth includes various methods of enumeration of both viable and non viable cell also includes growth curve. Helpful for UG and PG programs of microbiology
Indirect methods of measurement of
This document discusses various indirect methods for measuring microbial growth, including turbidimetry, measuring metabolic activity, and dry weight determination. Turbidimetry uses a spectrophotometer to measure light passing through a cell suspension, where more cells cause more turbidity. Metabolic activity measurement involves assessing products like acid or oxygen levels proportional to population size. Dry weight determines the mass of filtered and dried cells, but cannot distinguish live from dead. Scintillation counters are also discussed for measuring radioisotopes through light excitation detection.
Nutritional requirement by microorganisms
Nutrients are required for microbial growth and act as building blocks and energy sources. The main nutrient requirements for microorganisms include carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, hydrogen, oxygen, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron and trace elements. Microorganisms can be classified based on their carbon, energy and electron sources as photolithotrophs, photoorganoheterotrophs, chemolithoautotrophs, chemolithoheterotrophs or chemoorganoheterotrophs. Culture media are used to grow microorganisms and include defined, complex, liquid, solid, supportive, enriched, selective and differential media depending on their composition and purpose.
Factors affecting the growth of microbes
This document discusses the physical factors that influence the growth of microorganisms, including temperature, pH, osmotic pressure, hydrostatic pressure, and radiation. It describes how each factor affects microbial growth and membranes. Temperature is the most important physical factor, as it can damage enzymes and membranes at extremes. Microbes are classified based on their optimal temperature ranges, such as psychrophiles, mesophiles, thermophiles, and hyperthermophiles. Optimal pH and osmotic pressure ranges also determine bacterial classifications like acidophiles, alkalophiles, halophiles, and osmotolerant microbes. Higher hydrostatic pressures and radiation can also impact microbial growth.
Direct microscope method
The document describes the direct microscopic method for enumerating bacterial cells using a Petroff-Hausser counting chamber. The counting chamber contains squares that delimit a known sample volume. Cells are counted within the squares under a microscope and the total number of cells in the original sample is extrapolated based on the number counted and sample dilutions. Living and dead cells can be distinguished using a dye that is only permeable to dead cells.
Industrial microbiology
A broad module on industrial microbiology is summarized with pictures .It includes the production of vitamins,vaccine ,alcohol,vinegar,steroids,amino acids ,antibiotics .it also includes the general idea on history ,media,equipment,fermentation,procedure ,uses of industrial microbiology .The production of wine,beer and vinegar are mine core interest .Hope may help ....Thank you .
Negative staining
Negative staining allows visualization of bacterial cell morphology without directly staining the cells. It works by using acidic stains like India ink or nigrosin that stain the background glass slide rather than the negatively charged bacterial cells. This occurs because the stain is negatively charged and repelled from the bacterial surface. Negative staining provides clear views of cell shape and arrangement against a dark background without requiring heat fixation, making it useful for delicate cells. It involves mixing a bacterial culture with the negative stain to form a thin smear on a slide for examination under a microscope.
Isolation and preservation of microorganism bacteria
Isolation and preservation of microorganism bacteriaGovernment Pharmacy College Sajong, Government of Sikkim
The document discusses various methods for isolating and preserving microorganisms in pure culture. To isolate microbes, common methods include streak plating, pour plating, and serial dilution. Maintaining pure cultures long-term involves subculturing to fresh media periodically or preservation through lyophilization, low-temperature storage, or overlaying cultures with mineral oil. Lyophilization involves freeze-drying microbes under vacuum to remove water and stop metabolic activity, allowing long-term viability.Culture Media for different Microorganism
Culture media for different microorganism based on their classification and general characteristics. types of culture media and uses
isolation and preservation of pure culture
This document discusses various techniques for isolating and preserving pure cultures of microorganisms. It describes common isolation methods like streak plating, pour plating, and spread plating which aim to separate individual microbial cells on a growth medium. Preservation methods to maintain viability for long periods are also outlined, including refrigeration, cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen, storage in sterile soil, overlaying with mineral oil, and lyophilization or freeze drying. Maintaining pure cultures is important for accurate identification and experimentation in microbiology.
Isolation of industrial microorganisms
Isolation of industrially important microorganisms, methods of isolation, screening of microorganisms, strain selection
isolationofindustrialmicroorganisms-210610090245.pdf
Industrial microorganisms are microbes used to manufacture food and industrial products on a large scale. They include naturally occurring organisms, mutants selected in labs, and genetically modified organisms. Microbes are used to produce dairy, bread, alcoholic drinks, organic acids, enzymes, steroids, and help treat sewage and act as insecticides. Pure cultures contain a single microbial species while mixed cultures have many species. Isolating pure cultures involves techniques like streak plating, pour plating, and serial dilution. Desirable industrial microbes are genetically stable, easy to grow, and facilitate product extraction. Microbes are isolated from environments like soil, water, and spoiled foods.
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Most probable number (MPN) method
The document discusses the Most Probable Number (MPN) technique, which is used to estimate the concentration of viable microorganisms in water samples. It works by inoculating water samples into broth at different dilutions and observing growth, based on the principle of extinction dilution. A positive/negative result is obtained from lactose fermentation tests in broth. These results are interpreted using an MPN table to estimate the number of bacteria per 100ml of water. The document outlines the materials, presumptive test procedure involving broth incubation, confirmatory test using EMB agar plates, and complete test of Gram staining suspicious colonies to identify bacteria like E. coli.
Pure culture techniques
A Simple & Easy to Understand presentation explaining pure culture techniques for growing microbial organisms...
Isolation and characterization of microbes
This document discusses the isolation and characterization of microbes. It defines key terms like microbes, pure culture, mixed culture, species, and strain. It describes common methods used to isolate pure cultures from mixed populations, including streak plate technique, micromanipulator method, enrichment culture method, and serial dilution method. The document also discusses maintaining and preserving pure cultures through refrigeration, cryopreservation, and lyophilization. It explains how microbes can be characterized based on colony appearance, form, elevation, margins, and optical density.
Bacterial Cells Enumeration
1. There are two main types of bacterial counts - total bacterial count and total viable count. Total bacterial count includes both living and dead cells while total viable count only measures living cells.
2. Bacterial enumeration is important for comparing growth under different conditions, and in industries like dairy, food, and water microbiology.
3. Methods of enumeration include direct counting using microscopy or Coulter counter, and indirect counting of viable cells using serial dilution plating or membrane filtration. Other methods determine cell mass through dry weight, nitrogen content, or turbidity measurements.
Capsule staining
This document discusses capsule staining, which is a technique used to identify the presence of bacterial capsules under a light microscope. It begins by defining bacterial capsules and explaining their functions, which include helping bacteria resist phagocytosis and providing protection. It then discusses the principle of capsule staining, which uses a negative stain to contrast the unstained capsule against stained bacterial cells. The procedure involves smearing a bacterial culture onto a slide with negative stain, staining with a counterstain like crystal violet, and examining under a microscope for unstained capsules surrounding stained cells. Examples of capsule-containing bacteria that can be identified this way include Klebsiella pneumoniae and Bacillus anthracis.
Measurement of microbial growth
This document discusses various methods for measuring microbial growth, including direct cell counting, viable cell counting, and measurement of cell mass and constituents.
Direct cell counting can be done using a counting chamber under a microscope or with an electronic particle counter. Viable cell counts are determined using plate counting methods which allow colonies to form. Measurement of cell mass can be done by dry weight or turbidimetrically, while cell constituents like protein and ATP can also indicate growth. Overall, the document provides an overview of key techniques for quantifying and analyzing microbial cultures.
Enumeration methods ppt
Enumeration is counting of microorganisms present in a sample.
This is done to know the intense of presence of the spoilers in the spoiled food.
To detect which type of organism is responsible for the spoilage.
Mostly this is done two important methods.
Viable count
Total count
VIABLE COUNT:
A viable cell count allows one to identify the number of actively growing or dividing cells in a sample.
The plate count method or spread plate method relies on bacteria growing a colony on a nutrient medium.
Number of colonies can be counted.
Plate count agar is used for general count
MacConkey agar is used for Gram negative organisms.
TOTAL COUNT:
The initial analysis is done by mixing serial dilution of sample in liquid nutrient agar which is then poured into bottles.
The bottles are then sealed and laid on their sides to produce a slopping agar surface.
The colonies are then counted by eye.The total number of colonies are said as Total Viable Count. The initial analysis is done by mixing serial dilution of sample in liquid nutrient agar which is then poured into bottles.
The bottles are then sealed and laid on their sides to produce a slopping agar surface.
The colonies are then counted by eye.The total number of colonies are said as Total Viable Count.
Pour plate method:
The same procedure is done for this till serial dilution.
The serially diluted sample is then mixed with the molten nutrient agar.
Then poured onto the sterile petridish.
Incubated under appropriate temperature amd the colonies where counted.
ConclusionThe enumeration of these spoiled food samples are important to encounter the type of microbe is causing the spoilage.
And hence this is used to prevent the same type of spoilage.
This can be avoided by making the environmental changes which inhibits the organism which is responsible for the spoilage.
Pure Culture preservation Methods
Pure culture preservation of microbes are described in detain. Different short and long term preservation are explained in detail. Methods like Agar slant cultures (Sub culturing) & Refrigeration , Mineral Oil or Liquid Paraffin Method,Saline suspension storage, Drying in Vacuum, Storage at low temperatures (Cryopreservation) and Lyophilization (Freeze drying) are included.
MEASURMENTS OF BACTERIAL GROWTH
GROWTH OF BACTERIA CANNOT BE MEASURED DIRECTLY BY SEEING THEM AS THEY ARE MICROSCOPIC STRUCTURES THEREFORE WE HAVE TO USE SEVERAL METHODS WHICH ARE DESCRIBED IN THIS PRESENTATION
Screening of industrial microorganisms
This document discusses screening techniques used to isolate microorganisms of interest from a population. It describes primary screening as an initial process to discard many non-useful microbes while detecting a small percentage that may have industrial applications. Secondary screening further tests the capabilities of these isolated microorganisms to determine their real potential value. Some primary screening techniques mentioned include using crowded plates, detecting organic acid production, and screening for antibiotic production. The document also discusses improving crowded plate techniques and the goals and approaches of secondary screening to evaluate a microorganism's potential for industrial use.
Measurement of microbial growth
Direct methods of measurement of microbial growth includes various methods of enumeration of both viable and non viable cell also includes growth curve. Helpful for UG and PG programs of microbiology
Indirect methods of measurement of
This document discusses various indirect methods for measuring microbial growth, including turbidimetry, measuring metabolic activity, and dry weight determination. Turbidimetry uses a spectrophotometer to measure light passing through a cell suspension, where more cells cause more turbidity. Metabolic activity measurement involves assessing products like acid or oxygen levels proportional to population size. Dry weight determines the mass of filtered and dried cells, but cannot distinguish live from dead. Scintillation counters are also discussed for measuring radioisotopes through light excitation detection.
Nutritional requirement by microorganisms
Nutrients are required for microbial growth and act as building blocks and energy sources. The main nutrient requirements for microorganisms include carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, hydrogen, oxygen, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron and trace elements. Microorganisms can be classified based on their carbon, energy and electron sources as photolithotrophs, photoorganoheterotrophs, chemolithoautotrophs, chemolithoheterotrophs or chemoorganoheterotrophs. Culture media are used to grow microorganisms and include defined, complex, liquid, solid, supportive, enriched, selective and differential media depending on their composition and purpose.
Factors affecting the growth of microbes
This document discusses the physical factors that influence the growth of microorganisms, including temperature, pH, osmotic pressure, hydrostatic pressure, and radiation. It describes how each factor affects microbial growth and membranes. Temperature is the most important physical factor, as it can damage enzymes and membranes at extremes. Microbes are classified based on their optimal temperature ranges, such as psychrophiles, mesophiles, thermophiles, and hyperthermophiles. Optimal pH and osmotic pressure ranges also determine bacterial classifications like acidophiles, alkalophiles, halophiles, and osmotolerant microbes. Higher hydrostatic pressures and radiation can also impact microbial growth.
Direct microscope method
The document describes the direct microscopic method for enumerating bacterial cells using a Petroff-Hausser counting chamber. The counting chamber contains squares that delimit a known sample volume. Cells are counted within the squares under a microscope and the total number of cells in the original sample is extrapolated based on the number counted and sample dilutions. Living and dead cells can be distinguished using a dye that is only permeable to dead cells.
Industrial microbiology
A broad module on industrial microbiology is summarized with pictures .It includes the production of vitamins,vaccine ,alcohol,vinegar,steroids,amino acids ,antibiotics .it also includes the general idea on history ,media,equipment,fermentation,procedure ,uses of industrial microbiology .The production of wine,beer and vinegar are mine core interest .Hope may help ....Thank you .
Negative staining
Negative staining allows visualization of bacterial cell morphology without directly staining the cells. It works by using acidic stains like India ink or nigrosin that stain the background glass slide rather than the negatively charged bacterial cells. This occurs because the stain is negatively charged and repelled from the bacterial surface. Negative staining provides clear views of cell shape and arrangement against a dark background without requiring heat fixation, making it useful for delicate cells. It involves mixing a bacterial culture with the negative stain to form a thin smear on a slide for examination under a microscope.
Isolation and preservation of microorganism bacteria
Isolation and preservation of microorganism bacteriaGovernment Pharmacy College Sajong, Government of Sikkim
The document discusses various methods for isolating and preserving microorganisms in pure culture. To isolate microbes, common methods include streak plating, pour plating, and serial dilution. Maintaining pure cultures long-term involves subculturing to fresh media periodically or preservation through lyophilization, low-temperature storage, or overlaying cultures with mineral oil. Lyophilization involves freeze-drying microbes under vacuum to remove water and stop metabolic activity, allowing long-term viability.Culture Media for different Microorganism
Culture media for different microorganism based on their classification and general characteristics. types of culture media and uses
isolation and preservation of pure culture
This document discusses various techniques for isolating and preserving pure cultures of microorganisms. It describes common isolation methods like streak plating, pour plating, and spread plating which aim to separate individual microbial cells on a growth medium. Preservation methods to maintain viability for long periods are also outlined, including refrigeration, cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen, storage in sterile soil, overlaying with mineral oil, and lyophilization or freeze drying. Maintaining pure cultures is important for accurate identification and experimentation in microbiology.
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Similar to Spread plate technique.pptx
Isolation of industrial microorganisms
Isolation of industrially important microorganisms, methods of isolation, screening of microorganisms, strain selection
isolationofindustrialmicroorganisms-210610090245.pdf
Industrial microorganisms are microbes used to manufacture food and industrial products on a large scale. They include naturally occurring organisms, mutants selected in labs, and genetically modified organisms. Microbes are used to produce dairy, bread, alcoholic drinks, organic acids, enzymes, steroids, and help treat sewage and act as insecticides. Pure cultures contain a single microbial species while mixed cultures have many species. Isolating pure cultures involves techniques like streak plating, pour plating, and serial dilution. Desirable industrial microbes are genetically stable, easy to grow, and facilitate product extraction. Microbes are isolated from environments like soil, water, and spoiled foods.
PURE CULTURE TECHNIQUE ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION PROCESS .pptx
Pure culture technique
INTRODUCTION
PURE CULTIURE TECHNIQE
ISOLATION PROCESS
STREAK PLATE METHOD
POUR PLATE METHOD
SPREAD PLATE METHOD
IDENTIFICATION PROCESS
BIOCHEMICAL TEST
MOLECULAR METHOD
SEROGICAL TECHNIQUE
Detection techniques for microorganisms in food of animal
The detection and enumeration of microorganisms in food are an essential
part of any quality control or food safety plan. Traditional methods of detecting foodborne pathogenic bacteria are often time-consuming because of the need for growth
in culture media, followed by isolation, biochemical and/or serological identifi cation,
and in some cases, subspecifi c characterization. Advances in technology have made
detection and identifi cation faster, more sensitive, more specifi c, and more convenient than traditional assays. These new methods include for the most part antibodyand DNA-based tests, and modifi cations of conventional tests made to speed up
analysis and reduce handling.
STERILITY TESTING OF PHARMACEUTICALS ppt by DR.C.P.PRINCE
Sterility Testing: done to detect if viable forms of micro-organisms are present or not on or in the pharmaceutical preparation.
The test is applied to substances or preparations which, according to the Pharmacopoeia, are required to be sterile. For example
✦ Injections
✦ Implants
✦ Syringes
✦ Bandages
✦ Dressings
✦ Surgical Instruments
✦ Needles
✦ Injectables
✦ Bulk Solids
✦ Ophthalmic Products..etc
If microorganisms are placed in a media that provides nutrients and water and kept at a favourable temperature the organism will grow and their growth can be indicated by turbidity in originally clear medium.
PPT prepared by:
DR.PRINCE C P
HOD &Associate Professor
Department of Microbiology,
Mother Theresa Post Graduate & Research Institute of Health Sciences (Government of Puducherry Institution)
Microbiology Laboratory Qualifications and Microbial Testing Techniques
Microbiological Lab Practices,Microbiological Lab Qualifications, Microbial Testing Procedures, Microbial Testing Techniques
Sterility testing
Sterility testing is performed on pharmaceutical products that are required to be sterile, such as injections, implants, and bandages. The tests are conducted under aseptic conditions to detect any viable microorganisms. Samples are inoculated into nutrient-rich culture media and incubated for at least 14 days. If no microbial growth is observed, the product passes the sterility test and is considered sterile. However, if growth is detected, the product fails the test and is not sterile. Common culture media used include fluid thioglycolate medium and soybean-casein digest medium, which support the growth of aerobic and anaerobic microbes.
enzyme (2)
The document is a training report submitted by Sapna Singh to Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences. It discusses 16 experiments conducted on advanced biotech techniques under the guidance of Dr. Vineeta Singh at MRD LifeSciences. The experiments included isolation of bacteria from soil, purification of cultures, screening for amylase production, studying bacterial growth curves, and enzyme assays. acknowledgements are provided to various individuals and organizations that supported the training.
Evaluation of parenterals products
Parenterals are the sterile preparation that is directly administered into the circulatory system avoiding the enteral route. And these preparation provide rapid onset of action that is why the administered preparation must be safe.
Stability problem arise from microbial contamination of these products so sterility and stability must be ensured for these preparations.
To ensure their sterility and stability, regulations regarding to quality control through pharmacopeial specifications has great importance.
Pure culture techniques
This document describes techniques for isolating pure cultures of microorganisms, including serial dilution, spread plating, streak plating, and pour plating. Serial dilution involves sequentially diluting a sample to reduce the concentration of microbes and allow discrete colonies to form. Spread plating involves spreading diluted samples evenly across agar plates, streak plating uses inoculation loops to streak samples in patterns to further dilute and separate microbes, and pour plating involves mixing diluted samples into molten agar before pouring into plates. These techniques are important for isolating pure cultures needed to accurately identify and study microbes.
Method of microbial examination of food
Method of microbial examination of foodDr. Bharti Wadekar, Faculty, ZSCT's Thakur College of Science, Kandivali East, Mumbai
Methods of microbial examination of foods:
a. Homogenization of food samples
b. Methods- SPC, spiral plater, membrane filters, dry films, surface examination-swab rinse & contact plate methods.
c. Enlist the following methods giving their application only- Impedance, microcalorimetry, thermostable nuclease, LAL test, PCR, ATP, whole animal assay, Ligate loop technique
STERILITY TEST.pptx
The presentation describes evaluation of sterility of parenteral products. It contains principle, methods, media selection and result interpretation of sterility test. carried out for pharmaceutical sterile products.
Bioburden
This document discusses bioburden testing, which quantifies the number of microorganisms present on a medical device or pharmaceutical product. It outlines the purposes of bioburden testing such as acting as a quality control measure and determining necessary sterilization doses. The key steps of bioburden testing include sampling techniques, extraction methods, enumeration procedures like plate counting, and incubation. Regulations like CFR 21 and ISO 11737 provide standards for bioburden testing to ensure product quality and safety.
Microbiology of water, air and milk
Water is essential to life, but many people do not have access to clean and safe drinking water and many die of waterborne bacterial infections.
Sterility test and modern microbiological methods
This document provides an overview of sterility testing and rapid microbiological methods. It discusses sterility testing, including definitions, common media used, methods for preparing different types of test products, incubation periods, growth promotion tests, and interpreting results. It also briefly introduces some rapid microbiological methods like ATP bioluminescence, colorimetric growth detection, and cytometry systems. The key purpose of sterility testing is to detect any viable microorganisms in pharmaceutical products or medical devices labeled as sterile.
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Spread plate technique.pptx
- 1. SPREAD PLATE TECHNIQUE M.J. AFRA PG Scholar Department Of Microbiology Thassim Beevi Abdul Kader College For Women Kilakarai
- 2. AIM To perform spread plate technique To perform isolation of microorganisms from the sample To isolate mutagenic or converted strains of microorganisms by using differential new products
- 3. PRINCIPLE A disadvantage of pour plate method is to overcome with the help of spread plate method This method is performed for the assay of chemicals like antibiotics, vitamins, etc., This method is called a spread plate because L-rod or cotton swab is used to spread the sample. This technique also used in the isolation and enumeration of microorganisms from samples with lower populations of bacteria and other microorganisms
- 4. MATERIALS REQUIRED Test tubes with 9ml of diluents Cotton Autoclave Hot air oven Water bath Nutrient agar Petri plates L-Rod and Pipettes Sprit
- 5. PROCEDURE 1) Prepare nutrient agar medium, sterilize at 121o C and pour it into petri plates and allow to solidify 2) Dilute the sample upto 10-5 3) Add 0.1ml of sample from 10-3 onto the center of an agar medium using sterile pipette 4) Perform similar procedure for 10 -4 and 10 -5 dilutions 5) Dip the L-Rod into a beaker of spirit 6) Breafly flame ethanol soaker spreader on Bunsen burner and allow it to cool 7) Spread the sample evenly on the agar plate’s surface 8) Incubate all the plates at appropriate temperature (Bacteria – 37oC & Fungus – 25oC to 30oC) for 24 – 48 hours and observe the results
- 6. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES Very small quantity sample is enough to enumerate the microorganisms In this methos, only aerobes and microaerophiles may be eliminated
- 7. RESULTS Individual colonies are noted at highest dilution and counted properly. This technique also used to perform assay procedures