moles of Na2CO3 = massmolecular mass = 0.50106 .pdfaashwini4
moles of Na2CO3 = mass/molecular mass = 0.50/106 = 4.72 x 10^-3 moles or 4.72
millimoles
Solution
moles of Na2CO3 = mass/molecular mass = 0.50/106 = 4.72 x 10^-3 moles or 4.72
millimoles.
This is mainly based on Hard - Soft acid base theory.Hard Acid .pdfaashwini4
This is mainly based on Hard - Soft acid base theory.
Hard Acid and bases :
i) Small in size
ii) Compact
iii) Nonpolarizable
Ex: Na+ , Al3+ , F-, Cl-
Soft acids and base :
i) Larger in size
ii) Low electronegativity
iii) Highly polarizable
ii) Low electronegativity
iii) Highly polarizable
Ex: Cu+, Hg+ , H-,I-
It should be remembered that hard acid reacts with a hard base and soft acid reacts with a soft
base.
Here Hg+ is a soft, so it reacts with a soft base to form a stable compound.
It should be remembered that hard acid reacts with a hard base and soft acid reacts with a soft
base.
Here Hg+ is a soft, so it reacts with a soft base to form a stable compound.
sulfide is a soft base whereas silicates, carbonates, and Oxides are hard bases. Hence Hg is
avilable as HgS.
Zn is a border line acid. It will have the intermediate properties between the hard and soft.
It is mainly avilable as ZnS. Even ZnO is also avilable.
Zn is a border line acid. It will have the intermediate properties between the hard and soft.
It is mainly avilable as ZnS. Even ZnO is also avilable.
Solution
This is mainly based on Hard - Soft acid base theory.
Hard Acid and bases :
i) Small in size
ii) Compact
iii) Nonpolarizable
Ex: Na+ , Al3+ , F-, Cl-
Soft acids and base :
i) Larger in size
ii) Low electronegativity
iii) Highly polarizable
ii) Low electronegativity
iii) Highly polarizable
Ex: Cu+, Hg+ , H-,I-
It should be remembered that hard acid reacts with a hard base and soft acid reacts with a soft
base.
Here Hg+ is a soft, so it reacts with a soft base to form a stable compound.
It should be remembered that hard acid reacts with a hard base and soft acid reacts with a soft
base.
Here Hg+ is a soft, so it reacts with a soft base to form a stable compound.
sulfide is a soft base whereas silicates, carbonates, and Oxides are hard bases. Hence Hg is
avilable as HgS.
Zn is a border line acid. It will have the intermediate properties between the hard and soft.
It is mainly avilable as ZnS. Even ZnO is also avilable.
Zn is a border line acid. It will have the intermediate properties between the hard and soft.
It is mainly avilable as ZnS. Even ZnO is also avilable..
We are generally omitt the concentration of the solids &the concentr.pdfaashwini4
We are generally omitt the concentration of the solids &the concentration of the solvents from
the equilibrium constantexpression.
So the omitted substances areI2(s) , BaCO3(s) , Mg(s) , FeO(s) ,H2O(l) (solvent)
Solution
We are generally omitt the concentration of the solids &the concentration of the solvents from
the equilibrium constantexpression.
So the omitted substances areI2(s) , BaCO3(s) , Mg(s) , FeO(s) ,H2O(l) (solvent).
moles of Na2CO3 = massmolecular mass = 0.50106 .pdfaashwini4
moles of Na2CO3 = mass/molecular mass = 0.50/106 = 4.72 x 10^-3 moles or 4.72
millimoles
Solution
moles of Na2CO3 = mass/molecular mass = 0.50/106 = 4.72 x 10^-3 moles or 4.72
millimoles.
This is mainly based on Hard - Soft acid base theory.Hard Acid .pdfaashwini4
This is mainly based on Hard - Soft acid base theory.
Hard Acid and bases :
i) Small in size
ii) Compact
iii) Nonpolarizable
Ex: Na+ , Al3+ , F-, Cl-
Soft acids and base :
i) Larger in size
ii) Low electronegativity
iii) Highly polarizable
ii) Low electronegativity
iii) Highly polarizable
Ex: Cu+, Hg+ , H-,I-
It should be remembered that hard acid reacts with a hard base and soft acid reacts with a soft
base.
Here Hg+ is a soft, so it reacts with a soft base to form a stable compound.
It should be remembered that hard acid reacts with a hard base and soft acid reacts with a soft
base.
Here Hg+ is a soft, so it reacts with a soft base to form a stable compound.
sulfide is a soft base whereas silicates, carbonates, and Oxides are hard bases. Hence Hg is
avilable as HgS.
Zn is a border line acid. It will have the intermediate properties between the hard and soft.
It is mainly avilable as ZnS. Even ZnO is also avilable.
Zn is a border line acid. It will have the intermediate properties between the hard and soft.
It is mainly avilable as ZnS. Even ZnO is also avilable.
Solution
This is mainly based on Hard - Soft acid base theory.
Hard Acid and bases :
i) Small in size
ii) Compact
iii) Nonpolarizable
Ex: Na+ , Al3+ , F-, Cl-
Soft acids and base :
i) Larger in size
ii) Low electronegativity
iii) Highly polarizable
ii) Low electronegativity
iii) Highly polarizable
Ex: Cu+, Hg+ , H-,I-
It should be remembered that hard acid reacts with a hard base and soft acid reacts with a soft
base.
Here Hg+ is a soft, so it reacts with a soft base to form a stable compound.
It should be remembered that hard acid reacts with a hard base and soft acid reacts with a soft
base.
Here Hg+ is a soft, so it reacts with a soft base to form a stable compound.
sulfide is a soft base whereas silicates, carbonates, and Oxides are hard bases. Hence Hg is
avilable as HgS.
Zn is a border line acid. It will have the intermediate properties between the hard and soft.
It is mainly avilable as ZnS. Even ZnO is also avilable.
Zn is a border line acid. It will have the intermediate properties between the hard and soft.
It is mainly avilable as ZnS. Even ZnO is also avilable..
We are generally omitt the concentration of the solids &the concentr.pdfaashwini4
We are generally omitt the concentration of the solids &the concentration of the solvents from
the equilibrium constantexpression.
So the omitted substances areI2(s) , BaCO3(s) , Mg(s) , FeO(s) ,H2O(l) (solvent)
Solution
We are generally omitt the concentration of the solids &the concentration of the solvents from
the equilibrium constantexpression.
So the omitted substances areI2(s) , BaCO3(s) , Mg(s) , FeO(s) ,H2O(l) (solvent).
The reaction is maintained at a low temperature with slow addition o.pdfaashwini4
The reaction is maintained at a low temperature with slow addition of the HNO3/H2SO4 mixture
to ensure that only one NO2 group is substituted into the benzene ring (i.e. mononitration).
If the temperature and nitronium ion (NO2+) concentration are too high (from quick addition of
HNO3/H2SO4), then the chances of more than one NO2 group substituting into the benzene ring
increases. This would give rise to unwanted dinitration products.
Solution
The reaction is maintained at a low temperature with slow addition of the HNO3/H2SO4 mixture
to ensure that only one NO2 group is substituted into the benzene ring (i.e. mononitration).
If the temperature and nitronium ion (NO2+) concentration are too high (from quick addition of
HNO3/H2SO4), then the chances of more than one NO2 group substituting into the benzene ring
increases. This would give rise to unwanted dinitration products..
There are two reasons.1. Presence of natural immunity2. Immunity.pdfaashwini4
There are two reasons.
1. Presence of natural immunity
2. Immunity to superinfection
Bacteria have defense mechanisms to combat phage infection. This comprises of restriction
endonuclease system, the enzyme system which modifies the host DNA and specifically
recognize and cleave the exogenous DNA. When a phage infects, only its genome is injected into
the host cell. The injected DNA is recognized by the host restriction endonuclease system and is
cleaved into fragments.
The other reason is that immunity to superinfection. If a lysogenic phage infects a host cell, it
integrates into genome into the host chromosome. At the same time, it also prevents the host
from being infected by another lysogenic phage. The accumulation of cI protein in the host due
to the existing prophage prevents infection by other phages.
Some other reasons for resistance are lack of a receptor that facilitates the entry of the phage,
lack of supporting machinery for the phage replication.
Solution
There are two reasons.
1. Presence of natural immunity
2. Immunity to superinfection
Bacteria have defense mechanisms to combat phage infection. This comprises of restriction
endonuclease system, the enzyme system which modifies the host DNA and specifically
recognize and cleave the exogenous DNA. When a phage infects, only its genome is injected into
the host cell. The injected DNA is recognized by the host restriction endonuclease system and is
cleaved into fragments.
The other reason is that immunity to superinfection. If a lysogenic phage infects a host cell, it
integrates into genome into the host chromosome. At the same time, it also prevents the host
from being infected by another lysogenic phage. The accumulation of cI protein in the host due
to the existing prophage prevents infection by other phages.
Some other reasons for resistance are lack of a receptor that facilitates the entry of the phage,
lack of supporting machinery for the phage replication..
The difference between maximization of value of the corporation and .pdfaashwini4
The difference between maximization of value of the corporation and profit maximization and
return to the shareholder and maximise their wealth is the difference of objectives of living one
and non-living legal entity.
The firms objective is not only the maximisation of the wealth or return to the Shareholders but
creating values in the product is produced, development of the society in which it operates and
growth of the persons attached to it like employees, suppliers and customers. On the other hand,
it is the Shareholders whose objective to invest in the corporation is mainly to earn return on
their investment. The shareholders wants the corporation to earns more and more profits for them
every quater. The value of the corporation can be raised by only when the general society would
recognises the company and its products and services. The corporation concentrates on the
growth and development whereas the Shareholders pay attention to the return or profits.
Solution
The difference between maximization of value of the corporation and profit maximization and
return to the shareholder and maximise their wealth is the difference of objectives of living one
and non-living legal entity.
The firms objective is not only the maximisation of the wealth or return to the Shareholders but
creating values in the product is produced, development of the society in which it operates and
growth of the persons attached to it like employees, suppliers and customers. On the other hand,
it is the Shareholders whose objective to invest in the corporation is mainly to earn return on
their investment. The shareholders wants the corporation to earns more and more profits for them
every quater. The value of the corporation can be raised by only when the general society would
recognises the company and its products and services. The corporation concentrates on the
growth and development whereas the Shareholders pay attention to the return or profits..
Spore forming bacteria (prokaryotes) such as Bacillus anthracis can .pdfaashwini4
Spore forming bacteria (prokaryotes) such as Bacillus anthracis can be dormant & survive even
for 1000 years under the exposure of ultra-violet rays (the longest UV exposure). This is because
of the following properties
Bacillus subtilis produce dormant spores by sporulation ate suitable conditions and these spores
are called as endospores. These endopores have the capability to survive at extreme temperatures
followed by insufficient nutrient availability and their spore DNA is completely resistant to
mutagens such as UV light, chemicals. They are also resistant to desiccation and resistant to
extreme freezing and chemical disinfectants.
Factor-1: These endospores possess very complex diversified structure that can withstand all the
possible mutation inducing changes. These possess structural adaptations such as exosporium,
hard spore coat and these are acts as very hard complex resistant materials, which can eliminate
digesting enzymes such as lysozymes. These endospores possess cortex composed of
peptidoglycan and it has a core wall that is present under the cortex and surrounds protoplast.
These layers potentially protect spore DNA material.
Factor-2: Core material of the spore also possesses calcium dipicolinate that enable stability of
chromosomal DNA by protecting it from oxidizing agents. Inside the core material, spore
possess DNA and it is covered by specifically small acid-soluble spore proteins an these are
similar to chromatin-like proteins and enable in protecting DNA from heat as well as UV
radiation inducing mutation.
Factor-3: In order to keep the spore dormancy all the spore structural components formed and
maintain signal transduction pathways, which further result in elevated activity of the cAMP-
dependent protein kinase, triggers rapid encapsulation.
Solution
Spore forming bacteria (prokaryotes) such as Bacillus anthracis can be dormant & survive even
for 1000 years under the exposure of ultra-violet rays (the longest UV exposure). This is because
of the following properties
Bacillus subtilis produce dormant spores by sporulation ate suitable conditions and these spores
are called as endospores. These endopores have the capability to survive at extreme temperatures
followed by insufficient nutrient availability and their spore DNA is completely resistant to
mutagens such as UV light, chemicals. They are also resistant to desiccation and resistant to
extreme freezing and chemical disinfectants.
Factor-1: These endospores possess very complex diversified structure that can withstand all the
possible mutation inducing changes. These possess structural adaptations such as exosporium,
hard spore coat and these are acts as very hard complex resistant materials, which can eliminate
digesting enzymes such as lysozymes. These endospores possess cortex composed of
peptidoglycan and it has a core wall that is present under the cortex and surrounds protoplast.
These layers potentially protect spore DNA material.
Factor-2: Core mater.
Partnership Firms are taxed at multiple levels the Corporate Level.pdfaashwini4
Partnership Firms are taxed at multiple levels : the Corporate Level, which is the taxation for the
firm, and individual level, which is the taxation of the individual partners on a one-to-one basis.
Solution
Partnership Firms are taxed at multiple levels : the Corporate Level, which is the taxation for the
firm, and individual level, which is the taxation of the individual partners on a one-to-one basis..
Please give the problem detailsWhat are the solutions being mixed.pdfaashwini4
Please give the problem details:
What are the solutions being mixed?, the volumes, concentrations?
Solution
Please give the problem details:
What are the solutions being mixed?, the volumes, concentrations?.
One case of paternity testing has been given in the figure. Four aut.pdfaashwini4
One case of paternity testing has been given in the figure. Four autoradiographs (autorads) that
show DNA \"fingerprints\" for three individuals: a mother, her child, and the child\'s alleged
father(said father/without proof). Each autorad compares the traits inherited by these three
individuals - four traits are looked at, one for each autorad.
Presence or absence of different alleles (called DNA fingerprints) has been compared in each
case. These alleles (DNA fragments) differ in length from person to person; for this reason they
are used as genetic markers.
In case I-these alleles are A, B, C and D
In case II-E, G and F
In case III-H, I, J and K
In case IV-L, M, N and O
Ans 1
Case
Genotype of Mother
Genotype of Child
Genotype of alleged father
I
A/D
A/C
B/C
II
G/G
E/G
E/F
III
I/J
I/K
H/K
IV
M/N
M/O
L/O
Ans 2
In each case, child has inherited one copy of allele from mother and one from father so by
looking at the genotype of child, contribution from the parents can be predicted (by comparing
the genotype of all three persons)
Case
Genotype of child
Allele inherited from mother
Allele inherited from father
I
A/C
A
C
II
E/G
G
E
III
I/K
I
K
IV
M/O
M
O
Ans-3
In each case, we can see that child has inherited one copy of allele from mother and one from
father. So by making the comparison, it can be predicted that that the alleged father could be the
biological father of this child.
Ans 4
The DNA fingerprint assay is also useful in chimerism analysis after liver transplantation. Four
percent of donor lymphocytes (transient lymphocytes) are present for up to 3 weeks after
transplantation. If the donor lymphocytes persist, they can cause graft-versus-host disease
(GVHD), which is an underdiagnosed and often fatal complication that occurs in approximately
1% of cases, usually 2 to 6 weeks after transplantation. The following cases illustrate the utility
of the this assay in chimerism analysis.
A liver transplant recipient presented with a skin rash 2 weeks after transplant, and a punch
biopsy of the skin was obtained. The pathologist noted the presence of a lymphocyte infiltrate in
the dermis. Possible causes included a drug reaction, a viral infection, or early GVHD. DNA was
extracted from the area of lymphocyte infiltration, and DNA fingerprinting analysis was
performed. The results showed that some of the lymphocytes were of donor origin, confirming
the diagnosis of early GVHD.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1200713/
Case
Genotype of Mother
Genotype of Child
Genotype of alleged father
I
A/D
A/C
B/C
II
G/G
E/G
E/F
III
I/J
I/K
H/K
IV
M/N
M/O
L/O
Solution
One case of paternity testing has been given in the figure. Four autoradiographs (autorads) that
show DNA \"fingerprints\" for three individuals: a mother, her child, and the child\'s alleged
father(said father/without proof). Each autorad compares the traits inherited by these three
individuals - four traits are looked at, one for each autorad.
Presence or absence of different alleles.
Answer is D. I (1) will add at the carbonyl rath.pdfaashwini4
Answer is D. I (1) will add at the carbonyl rather than the double bond
Solution
Answer is D. I (1) will add at the carbonyl rather than the double bond.
Nasal cavity( nasal mucosa)-In humans, olfaction occurs when odora.pdfaashwini4
Nasal cavity( nasal mucosa)
-In humans, olfaction occurs when odorant molecules bind to specific sites on the olfactory
receptors. These receptors are used to detect the presence of smell.
Solution
Nasal cavity( nasal mucosa)
-In humans, olfaction occurs when odorant molecules bind to specific sites on the olfactory
receptors. These receptors are used to detect the presence of smell..
Media literacy is the process of evaluating, creating and analyzing .pdfaashwini4
Media literacy is the process of evaluating, creating and analyzing the media messages. In
today’s world we get a lot of information through different modes of media. Interpretation of
messages of the different media is essential. Good skills is required to understand the messages
of media. The skills of understanding the messages of different media becomes very essential.
Media literacy is the skills and ability to analyze, interpret, and evaluate the messages of media.
Media Literacy is very important because of the following reasons.
If anyone is non media literate people than they are not able to understand the messages of the
media. Even they can’t evaluate and analyze the messages of media because they don’t have
media literacy skills.
Solution
Media literacy is the process of evaluating, creating and analyzing the media messages. In
today’s world we get a lot of information through different modes of media. Interpretation of
messages of the different media is essential. Good skills is required to understand the messages
of media. The skills of understanding the messages of different media becomes very essential.
Media literacy is the skills and ability to analyze, interpret, and evaluate the messages of media.
Media Literacy is very important because of the following reasons.
If anyone is non media literate people than they are not able to understand the messages of the
media. Even they can’t evaluate and analyze the messages of media because they don’t have
media literacy skills..
In Unix (and some other operating systems) a library is a collection.pdfaashwini4
In Unix (and some other operating systems) a library is a collection of related object files group
together. Libraries can be linked with other libraries and other object files to create executables.
To use system calls and library functions in a C program we simply call the appropriate C
function.
Examples of standard library functions we have met include the higher level I/O functions --
fprintf(), malloc() ...
Aritmetic operators, random number generators random(), srandom(), lrand48(), drand48() etc.
and basic C types to string conversion are memebers of the stdlib.h standard library.
Interprocess communication (IPC) is a set of programming interfaces that allow a programmer to
coordinate activities among different program processes that can run concurrently in an operating
system.
This allows a program to handle many user requests at the same time. Since even a single user
request may result in multiple processes running in the operating system on the user\'s behalf, the
processes need to communicate with each other.
The IPC interfaces make this possible. Each IPC method has its own advantages and limitations
so it is not unusual for a single program to use all of the IPC methods.
In Unix libraries executable code is there where as using Os level IPC different operating system
we will execute the program.
In Unix same opereting system program will executed and as comparing with other this is easy
that why using Unix libraries.
X.Org Implementation on X window system is not posssible.
X was specifically designed to be used over network connections rather than on an integral or
attached display device.
X features network transparency, which means an X program running on a computer somewhere
on a network (such as the Internet) can display its user interface on an X server running on some
other computer on the network.
Solution
In Unix (and some other operating systems) a library is a collection of related object files group
together. Libraries can be linked with other libraries and other object files to create executables.
To use system calls and library functions in a C program we simply call the appropriate C
function.
Examples of standard library functions we have met include the higher level I/O functions --
fprintf(), malloc() ...
Aritmetic operators, random number generators random(), srandom(), lrand48(), drand48() etc.
and basic C types to string conversion are memebers of the stdlib.h standard library.
Interprocess communication (IPC) is a set of programming interfaces that allow a programmer to
coordinate activities among different program processes that can run concurrently in an operating
system.
This allows a program to handle many user requests at the same time. Since even a single user
request may result in multiple processes running in the operating system on the user\'s behalf, the
processes need to communicate with each other.
The IPC interfaces make this possible. Each IPC method has its own advantages and limitations
so .
a) Fe is oxidized, Cu2+ is reduced fe goes from 0.pdfaashwini4
a) Fe is oxidized, Cu2+ is reduced fe goes from 0 to +2 and cu +2 to 0
Solution
a) Fe is oxidized, Cu2+ is reduced fe goes from 0 to +2 and cu +2 to 0.
Acid is a subtance which reacts with a base.Definitions of1. A .pdfaashwini4
Acid is a subtance which reacts with a base.
Definitions of:
1. A Brønsted–Lowry acid is:
That which loses/\"donates\" a proton (i.e. a H+)
2. A Brønsted–Lowry base is:
That which gains/\"accept\" a proton
Now in the reaction HSO + CN HCN + SO
HSO3 is losing the H+ thus making it Brønsted–Lowry acid.
Meanwhile, CN is gaining a H+ thus making it a Brønsted–Lowry base.
Now the 3 types of definintion of acid-base can get confusing so becareful to memorize the
different definitions of based on the different acid-base theories. They are:
1. Arrhenius acid-base
2. Brønsted–Lowry acid-base
3. Lewis acid-base
Good Luck!
Solution
Acid is a subtance which reacts with a base.
Definitions of:
1. A Brønsted–Lowry acid is:
That which loses/\"donates\" a proton (i.e. a H+)
2. A Brønsted–Lowry base is:
That which gains/\"accept\" a proton
Now in the reaction HSO + CN HCN + SO
HSO3 is losing the H+ thus making it Brønsted–Lowry acid.
Meanwhile, CN is gaining a H+ thus making it a Brønsted–Lowry base.
Now the 3 types of definintion of acid-base can get confusing so becareful to memorize the
different definitions of based on the different acid-base theories. They are:
1. Arrhenius acid-base
2. Brønsted–Lowry acid-base
3. Lewis acid-base
Good Luck!.
a. The program addresses MDG 6 Combat HIVAIDS, Malaria and other d.pdfaashwini4
a. The program addresses MDG 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and other diseases.
b. Combatting HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases such as tuberculosis is vital for improving
the overall health in developing countries. Rates of HIV infection can be significantly reduced
through education and behaviour change and both malaria and tuberculosis are preventable. Such
diseases contribute significantly to disease burden yet can be prevented through cost effective
methods (including education, provision of condoms).
c. By introducing the use of bed nets into the community, individuals can drastically reduce their
risk of malaria to prevent ill health.
Early detection and referrals of serious malaria cases to major hospitals ensures that those who
are infected are able to access health careto get treatment and restore their health.
Bed nets can provide individuals with peace of mind and reduce the stress and anxiety
surrounding the possibility of infection from mosquito bites.
By reducing the malaria risk posed to individuals, children are more ableto attend school in good
health to develop to their full potential and enhance their capabilities.
he program is directly increasing access to health care in disadvantaged Bangladeshi
communities to improve the health and capacities for human development.
Solution
a. The program addresses MDG 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and other diseases.
b. Combatting HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases such as tuberculosis is vital for improving
the overall health in developing countries. Rates of HIV infection can be significantly reduced
through education and behaviour change and both malaria and tuberculosis are preventable. Such
diseases contribute significantly to disease burden yet can be prevented through cost effective
methods (including education, provision of condoms).
c. By introducing the use of bed nets into the community, individuals can drastically reduce their
risk of malaria to prevent ill health.
Early detection and referrals of serious malaria cases to major hospitals ensures that those who
are infected are able to access health careto get treatment and restore their health.
Bed nets can provide individuals with peace of mind and reduce the stress and anxiety
surrounding the possibility of infection from mosquito bites.
By reducing the malaria risk posed to individuals, children are more ableto attend school in good
health to develop to their full potential and enhance their capabilities.
he program is directly increasing access to health care in disadvantaged Bangladeshi
communities to improve the health and capacities for human development..
Molecular Orbitals for the N2Molecule The 2s-sigma orbital as a bo.pdfaashwini4
Molecular Orbitals for the N2Molecule The 2s-sigma orbital as a bonding orbital. Note that
thereis a build-up of electron density between the nuclei. This orbitalis \"occupied\" by two
electrons in the N2 molecule. The2s-sigma star orbital is an \"antibonding\" orbital. This orbital
isnot occupied in the ground-state N2 molecule. For thisorbital, not only is there no build-up of
electron density betweenthe nuclei, there is a node between them. The 2p-sigma orbital is a
bonding orbital which can be approximatedby two 2p orbitals with their electron density lobes
pointingtoward each other. This orbital is occupied by two electrons in theground-state N2
molecule. The 2p-sigma star orbital isan antibonding orbital. This orbital is not occupied in
theground-state N2 molecule. Note that there is a nodebetween the nuclei. The 2p-pi orbital is a
bonding orbital. It is approximately two 2porbitals aligned side-by-side. It has a nodal plane just
like patomic orbitals do. There is another 2p-pi orbital that has thesame shape as this one. You
can see what it looks like by rotatingthis one by 90 degrees toward you. Both of these orbitals
areoccupied in the ground-state N2 molecule. The 2p-pi starorbital is an antibonding orbital. It
has a node between the nucleiand a nodal plane containing the nuclei. There is another 2p-pistar
orbital with the same shape as this one in the N2molecule.
Solution
Molecular Orbitals for the N2Molecule The 2s-sigma orbital as a bonding orbital. Note that
thereis a build-up of electron density between the nuclei. This orbitalis \"occupied\" by two
electrons in the N2 molecule. The2s-sigma star orbital is an \"antibonding\" orbital. This orbital
isnot occupied in the ground-state N2 molecule. For thisorbital, not only is there no build-up of
electron density betweenthe nuclei, there is a node between them. The 2p-sigma orbital is a
bonding orbital which can be approximatedby two 2p orbitals with their electron density lobes
pointingtoward each other. This orbital is occupied by two electrons in theground-state N2
molecule. The 2p-sigma star orbital isan antibonding orbital. This orbital is not occupied in
theground-state N2 molecule. Note that there is a nodebetween the nuclei. The 2p-pi orbital is a
bonding orbital. It is approximately two 2porbitals aligned side-by-side. It has a nodal plane just
like patomic orbitals do. There is another 2p-pi orbital that has thesame shape as this one. You
can see what it looks like by rotatingthis one by 90 degrees toward you. Both of these orbitals
areoccupied in the ground-state N2 molecule. The 2p-pi starorbital is an antibonding orbital. It
has a node between the nucleiand a nodal plane containing the nuclei. There is another 2p-pistar
orbital with the same shape as this one in the N2molecule..
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
The reaction is maintained at a low temperature with slow addition o.pdfaashwini4
The reaction is maintained at a low temperature with slow addition of the HNO3/H2SO4 mixture
to ensure that only one NO2 group is substituted into the benzene ring (i.e. mononitration).
If the temperature and nitronium ion (NO2+) concentration are too high (from quick addition of
HNO3/H2SO4), then the chances of more than one NO2 group substituting into the benzene ring
increases. This would give rise to unwanted dinitration products.
Solution
The reaction is maintained at a low temperature with slow addition of the HNO3/H2SO4 mixture
to ensure that only one NO2 group is substituted into the benzene ring (i.e. mononitration).
If the temperature and nitronium ion (NO2+) concentration are too high (from quick addition of
HNO3/H2SO4), then the chances of more than one NO2 group substituting into the benzene ring
increases. This would give rise to unwanted dinitration products..
There are two reasons.1. Presence of natural immunity2. Immunity.pdfaashwini4
There are two reasons.
1. Presence of natural immunity
2. Immunity to superinfection
Bacteria have defense mechanisms to combat phage infection. This comprises of restriction
endonuclease system, the enzyme system which modifies the host DNA and specifically
recognize and cleave the exogenous DNA. When a phage infects, only its genome is injected into
the host cell. The injected DNA is recognized by the host restriction endonuclease system and is
cleaved into fragments.
The other reason is that immunity to superinfection. If a lysogenic phage infects a host cell, it
integrates into genome into the host chromosome. At the same time, it also prevents the host
from being infected by another lysogenic phage. The accumulation of cI protein in the host due
to the existing prophage prevents infection by other phages.
Some other reasons for resistance are lack of a receptor that facilitates the entry of the phage,
lack of supporting machinery for the phage replication.
Solution
There are two reasons.
1. Presence of natural immunity
2. Immunity to superinfection
Bacteria have defense mechanisms to combat phage infection. This comprises of restriction
endonuclease system, the enzyme system which modifies the host DNA and specifically
recognize and cleave the exogenous DNA. When a phage infects, only its genome is injected into
the host cell. The injected DNA is recognized by the host restriction endonuclease system and is
cleaved into fragments.
The other reason is that immunity to superinfection. If a lysogenic phage infects a host cell, it
integrates into genome into the host chromosome. At the same time, it also prevents the host
from being infected by another lysogenic phage. The accumulation of cI protein in the host due
to the existing prophage prevents infection by other phages.
Some other reasons for resistance are lack of a receptor that facilitates the entry of the phage,
lack of supporting machinery for the phage replication..
The difference between maximization of value of the corporation and .pdfaashwini4
The difference between maximization of value of the corporation and profit maximization and
return to the shareholder and maximise their wealth is the difference of objectives of living one
and non-living legal entity.
The firms objective is not only the maximisation of the wealth or return to the Shareholders but
creating values in the product is produced, development of the society in which it operates and
growth of the persons attached to it like employees, suppliers and customers. On the other hand,
it is the Shareholders whose objective to invest in the corporation is mainly to earn return on
their investment. The shareholders wants the corporation to earns more and more profits for them
every quater. The value of the corporation can be raised by only when the general society would
recognises the company and its products and services. The corporation concentrates on the
growth and development whereas the Shareholders pay attention to the return or profits.
Solution
The difference between maximization of value of the corporation and profit maximization and
return to the shareholder and maximise their wealth is the difference of objectives of living one
and non-living legal entity.
The firms objective is not only the maximisation of the wealth or return to the Shareholders but
creating values in the product is produced, development of the society in which it operates and
growth of the persons attached to it like employees, suppliers and customers. On the other hand,
it is the Shareholders whose objective to invest in the corporation is mainly to earn return on
their investment. The shareholders wants the corporation to earns more and more profits for them
every quater. The value of the corporation can be raised by only when the general society would
recognises the company and its products and services. The corporation concentrates on the
growth and development whereas the Shareholders pay attention to the return or profits..
Spore forming bacteria (prokaryotes) such as Bacillus anthracis can .pdfaashwini4
Spore forming bacteria (prokaryotes) such as Bacillus anthracis can be dormant & survive even
for 1000 years under the exposure of ultra-violet rays (the longest UV exposure). This is because
of the following properties
Bacillus subtilis produce dormant spores by sporulation ate suitable conditions and these spores
are called as endospores. These endopores have the capability to survive at extreme temperatures
followed by insufficient nutrient availability and their spore DNA is completely resistant to
mutagens such as UV light, chemicals. They are also resistant to desiccation and resistant to
extreme freezing and chemical disinfectants.
Factor-1: These endospores possess very complex diversified structure that can withstand all the
possible mutation inducing changes. These possess structural adaptations such as exosporium,
hard spore coat and these are acts as very hard complex resistant materials, which can eliminate
digesting enzymes such as lysozymes. These endospores possess cortex composed of
peptidoglycan and it has a core wall that is present under the cortex and surrounds protoplast.
These layers potentially protect spore DNA material.
Factor-2: Core material of the spore also possesses calcium dipicolinate that enable stability of
chromosomal DNA by protecting it from oxidizing agents. Inside the core material, spore
possess DNA and it is covered by specifically small acid-soluble spore proteins an these are
similar to chromatin-like proteins and enable in protecting DNA from heat as well as UV
radiation inducing mutation.
Factor-3: In order to keep the spore dormancy all the spore structural components formed and
maintain signal transduction pathways, which further result in elevated activity of the cAMP-
dependent protein kinase, triggers rapid encapsulation.
Solution
Spore forming bacteria (prokaryotes) such as Bacillus anthracis can be dormant & survive even
for 1000 years under the exposure of ultra-violet rays (the longest UV exposure). This is because
of the following properties
Bacillus subtilis produce dormant spores by sporulation ate suitable conditions and these spores
are called as endospores. These endopores have the capability to survive at extreme temperatures
followed by insufficient nutrient availability and their spore DNA is completely resistant to
mutagens such as UV light, chemicals. They are also resistant to desiccation and resistant to
extreme freezing and chemical disinfectants.
Factor-1: These endospores possess very complex diversified structure that can withstand all the
possible mutation inducing changes. These possess structural adaptations such as exosporium,
hard spore coat and these are acts as very hard complex resistant materials, which can eliminate
digesting enzymes such as lysozymes. These endospores possess cortex composed of
peptidoglycan and it has a core wall that is present under the cortex and surrounds protoplast.
These layers potentially protect spore DNA material.
Factor-2: Core mater.
Partnership Firms are taxed at multiple levels the Corporate Level.pdfaashwini4
Partnership Firms are taxed at multiple levels : the Corporate Level, which is the taxation for the
firm, and individual level, which is the taxation of the individual partners on a one-to-one basis.
Solution
Partnership Firms are taxed at multiple levels : the Corporate Level, which is the taxation for the
firm, and individual level, which is the taxation of the individual partners on a one-to-one basis..
Please give the problem detailsWhat are the solutions being mixed.pdfaashwini4
Please give the problem details:
What are the solutions being mixed?, the volumes, concentrations?
Solution
Please give the problem details:
What are the solutions being mixed?, the volumes, concentrations?.
One case of paternity testing has been given in the figure. Four aut.pdfaashwini4
One case of paternity testing has been given in the figure. Four autoradiographs (autorads) that
show DNA \"fingerprints\" for three individuals: a mother, her child, and the child\'s alleged
father(said father/without proof). Each autorad compares the traits inherited by these three
individuals - four traits are looked at, one for each autorad.
Presence or absence of different alleles (called DNA fingerprints) has been compared in each
case. These alleles (DNA fragments) differ in length from person to person; for this reason they
are used as genetic markers.
In case I-these alleles are A, B, C and D
In case II-E, G and F
In case III-H, I, J and K
In case IV-L, M, N and O
Ans 1
Case
Genotype of Mother
Genotype of Child
Genotype of alleged father
I
A/D
A/C
B/C
II
G/G
E/G
E/F
III
I/J
I/K
H/K
IV
M/N
M/O
L/O
Ans 2
In each case, child has inherited one copy of allele from mother and one from father so by
looking at the genotype of child, contribution from the parents can be predicted (by comparing
the genotype of all three persons)
Case
Genotype of child
Allele inherited from mother
Allele inherited from father
I
A/C
A
C
II
E/G
G
E
III
I/K
I
K
IV
M/O
M
O
Ans-3
In each case, we can see that child has inherited one copy of allele from mother and one from
father. So by making the comparison, it can be predicted that that the alleged father could be the
biological father of this child.
Ans 4
The DNA fingerprint assay is also useful in chimerism analysis after liver transplantation. Four
percent of donor lymphocytes (transient lymphocytes) are present for up to 3 weeks after
transplantation. If the donor lymphocytes persist, they can cause graft-versus-host disease
(GVHD), which is an underdiagnosed and often fatal complication that occurs in approximately
1% of cases, usually 2 to 6 weeks after transplantation. The following cases illustrate the utility
of the this assay in chimerism analysis.
A liver transplant recipient presented with a skin rash 2 weeks after transplant, and a punch
biopsy of the skin was obtained. The pathologist noted the presence of a lymphocyte infiltrate in
the dermis. Possible causes included a drug reaction, a viral infection, or early GVHD. DNA was
extracted from the area of lymphocyte infiltration, and DNA fingerprinting analysis was
performed. The results showed that some of the lymphocytes were of donor origin, confirming
the diagnosis of early GVHD.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1200713/
Case
Genotype of Mother
Genotype of Child
Genotype of alleged father
I
A/D
A/C
B/C
II
G/G
E/G
E/F
III
I/J
I/K
H/K
IV
M/N
M/O
L/O
Solution
One case of paternity testing has been given in the figure. Four autoradiographs (autorads) that
show DNA \"fingerprints\" for three individuals: a mother, her child, and the child\'s alleged
father(said father/without proof). Each autorad compares the traits inherited by these three
individuals - four traits are looked at, one for each autorad.
Presence or absence of different alleles.
Answer is D. I (1) will add at the carbonyl rath.pdfaashwini4
Answer is D. I (1) will add at the carbonyl rather than the double bond
Solution
Answer is D. I (1) will add at the carbonyl rather than the double bond.
Nasal cavity( nasal mucosa)-In humans, olfaction occurs when odora.pdfaashwini4
Nasal cavity( nasal mucosa)
-In humans, olfaction occurs when odorant molecules bind to specific sites on the olfactory
receptors. These receptors are used to detect the presence of smell.
Solution
Nasal cavity( nasal mucosa)
-In humans, olfaction occurs when odorant molecules bind to specific sites on the olfactory
receptors. These receptors are used to detect the presence of smell..
Media literacy is the process of evaluating, creating and analyzing .pdfaashwini4
Media literacy is the process of evaluating, creating and analyzing the media messages. In
today’s world we get a lot of information through different modes of media. Interpretation of
messages of the different media is essential. Good skills is required to understand the messages
of media. The skills of understanding the messages of different media becomes very essential.
Media literacy is the skills and ability to analyze, interpret, and evaluate the messages of media.
Media Literacy is very important because of the following reasons.
If anyone is non media literate people than they are not able to understand the messages of the
media. Even they can’t evaluate and analyze the messages of media because they don’t have
media literacy skills.
Solution
Media literacy is the process of evaluating, creating and analyzing the media messages. In
today’s world we get a lot of information through different modes of media. Interpretation of
messages of the different media is essential. Good skills is required to understand the messages
of media. The skills of understanding the messages of different media becomes very essential.
Media literacy is the skills and ability to analyze, interpret, and evaluate the messages of media.
Media Literacy is very important because of the following reasons.
If anyone is non media literate people than they are not able to understand the messages of the
media. Even they can’t evaluate and analyze the messages of media because they don’t have
media literacy skills..
In Unix (and some other operating systems) a library is a collection.pdfaashwini4
In Unix (and some other operating systems) a library is a collection of related object files group
together. Libraries can be linked with other libraries and other object files to create executables.
To use system calls and library functions in a C program we simply call the appropriate C
function.
Examples of standard library functions we have met include the higher level I/O functions --
fprintf(), malloc() ...
Aritmetic operators, random number generators random(), srandom(), lrand48(), drand48() etc.
and basic C types to string conversion are memebers of the stdlib.h standard library.
Interprocess communication (IPC) is a set of programming interfaces that allow a programmer to
coordinate activities among different program processes that can run concurrently in an operating
system.
This allows a program to handle many user requests at the same time. Since even a single user
request may result in multiple processes running in the operating system on the user\'s behalf, the
processes need to communicate with each other.
The IPC interfaces make this possible. Each IPC method has its own advantages and limitations
so it is not unusual for a single program to use all of the IPC methods.
In Unix libraries executable code is there where as using Os level IPC different operating system
we will execute the program.
In Unix same opereting system program will executed and as comparing with other this is easy
that why using Unix libraries.
X.Org Implementation on X window system is not posssible.
X was specifically designed to be used over network connections rather than on an integral or
attached display device.
X features network transparency, which means an X program running on a computer somewhere
on a network (such as the Internet) can display its user interface on an X server running on some
other computer on the network.
Solution
In Unix (and some other operating systems) a library is a collection of related object files group
together. Libraries can be linked with other libraries and other object files to create executables.
To use system calls and library functions in a C program we simply call the appropriate C
function.
Examples of standard library functions we have met include the higher level I/O functions --
fprintf(), malloc() ...
Aritmetic operators, random number generators random(), srandom(), lrand48(), drand48() etc.
and basic C types to string conversion are memebers of the stdlib.h standard library.
Interprocess communication (IPC) is a set of programming interfaces that allow a programmer to
coordinate activities among different program processes that can run concurrently in an operating
system.
This allows a program to handle many user requests at the same time. Since even a single user
request may result in multiple processes running in the operating system on the user\'s behalf, the
processes need to communicate with each other.
The IPC interfaces make this possible. Each IPC method has its own advantages and limitations
so .
a) Fe is oxidized, Cu2+ is reduced fe goes from 0.pdfaashwini4
a) Fe is oxidized, Cu2+ is reduced fe goes from 0 to +2 and cu +2 to 0
Solution
a) Fe is oxidized, Cu2+ is reduced fe goes from 0 to +2 and cu +2 to 0.
Acid is a subtance which reacts with a base.Definitions of1. A .pdfaashwini4
Acid is a subtance which reacts with a base.
Definitions of:
1. A Brønsted–Lowry acid is:
That which loses/\"donates\" a proton (i.e. a H+)
2. A Brønsted–Lowry base is:
That which gains/\"accept\" a proton
Now in the reaction HSO + CN HCN + SO
HSO3 is losing the H+ thus making it Brønsted–Lowry acid.
Meanwhile, CN is gaining a H+ thus making it a Brønsted–Lowry base.
Now the 3 types of definintion of acid-base can get confusing so becareful to memorize the
different definitions of based on the different acid-base theories. They are:
1. Arrhenius acid-base
2. Brønsted–Lowry acid-base
3. Lewis acid-base
Good Luck!
Solution
Acid is a subtance which reacts with a base.
Definitions of:
1. A Brønsted–Lowry acid is:
That which loses/\"donates\" a proton (i.e. a H+)
2. A Brønsted–Lowry base is:
That which gains/\"accept\" a proton
Now in the reaction HSO + CN HCN + SO
HSO3 is losing the H+ thus making it Brønsted–Lowry acid.
Meanwhile, CN is gaining a H+ thus making it a Brønsted–Lowry base.
Now the 3 types of definintion of acid-base can get confusing so becareful to memorize the
different definitions of based on the different acid-base theories. They are:
1. Arrhenius acid-base
2. Brønsted–Lowry acid-base
3. Lewis acid-base
Good Luck!.
a. The program addresses MDG 6 Combat HIVAIDS, Malaria and other d.pdfaashwini4
a. The program addresses MDG 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and other diseases.
b. Combatting HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases such as tuberculosis is vital for improving
the overall health in developing countries. Rates of HIV infection can be significantly reduced
through education and behaviour change and both malaria and tuberculosis are preventable. Such
diseases contribute significantly to disease burden yet can be prevented through cost effective
methods (including education, provision of condoms).
c. By introducing the use of bed nets into the community, individuals can drastically reduce their
risk of malaria to prevent ill health.
Early detection and referrals of serious malaria cases to major hospitals ensures that those who
are infected are able to access health careto get treatment and restore their health.
Bed nets can provide individuals with peace of mind and reduce the stress and anxiety
surrounding the possibility of infection from mosquito bites.
By reducing the malaria risk posed to individuals, children are more ableto attend school in good
health to develop to their full potential and enhance their capabilities.
he program is directly increasing access to health care in disadvantaged Bangladeshi
communities to improve the health and capacities for human development.
Solution
a. The program addresses MDG 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and other diseases.
b. Combatting HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases such as tuberculosis is vital for improving
the overall health in developing countries. Rates of HIV infection can be significantly reduced
through education and behaviour change and both malaria and tuberculosis are preventable. Such
diseases contribute significantly to disease burden yet can be prevented through cost effective
methods (including education, provision of condoms).
c. By introducing the use of bed nets into the community, individuals can drastically reduce their
risk of malaria to prevent ill health.
Early detection and referrals of serious malaria cases to major hospitals ensures that those who
are infected are able to access health careto get treatment and restore their health.
Bed nets can provide individuals with peace of mind and reduce the stress and anxiety
surrounding the possibility of infection from mosquito bites.
By reducing the malaria risk posed to individuals, children are more ableto attend school in good
health to develop to their full potential and enhance their capabilities.
he program is directly increasing access to health care in disadvantaged Bangladeshi
communities to improve the health and capacities for human development..
Molecular Orbitals for the N2Molecule The 2s-sigma orbital as a bo.pdfaashwini4
Molecular Orbitals for the N2Molecule The 2s-sigma orbital as a bonding orbital. Note that
thereis a build-up of electron density between the nuclei. This orbitalis \"occupied\" by two
electrons in the N2 molecule. The2s-sigma star orbital is an \"antibonding\" orbital. This orbital
isnot occupied in the ground-state N2 molecule. For thisorbital, not only is there no build-up of
electron density betweenthe nuclei, there is a node between them. The 2p-sigma orbital is a
bonding orbital which can be approximatedby two 2p orbitals with their electron density lobes
pointingtoward each other. This orbital is occupied by two electrons in theground-state N2
molecule. The 2p-sigma star orbital isan antibonding orbital. This orbital is not occupied in
theground-state N2 molecule. Note that there is a nodebetween the nuclei. The 2p-pi orbital is a
bonding orbital. It is approximately two 2porbitals aligned side-by-side. It has a nodal plane just
like patomic orbitals do. There is another 2p-pi orbital that has thesame shape as this one. You
can see what it looks like by rotatingthis one by 90 degrees toward you. Both of these orbitals
areoccupied in the ground-state N2 molecule. The 2p-pi starorbital is an antibonding orbital. It
has a node between the nucleiand a nodal plane containing the nuclei. There is another 2p-pistar
orbital with the same shape as this one in the N2molecule.
Solution
Molecular Orbitals for the N2Molecule The 2s-sigma orbital as a bonding orbital. Note that
thereis a build-up of electron density between the nuclei. This orbitalis \"occupied\" by two
electrons in the N2 molecule. The2s-sigma star orbital is an \"antibonding\" orbital. This orbital
isnot occupied in the ground-state N2 molecule. For thisorbital, not only is there no build-up of
electron density betweenthe nuclei, there is a node between them. The 2p-sigma orbital is a
bonding orbital which can be approximatedby two 2p orbitals with their electron density lobes
pointingtoward each other. This orbital is occupied by two electrons in theground-state N2
molecule. The 2p-sigma star orbital isan antibonding orbital. This orbital is not occupied in
theground-state N2 molecule. Note that there is a nodebetween the nuclei. The 2p-pi orbital is a
bonding orbital. It is approximately two 2porbitals aligned side-by-side. It has a nodal plane just
like patomic orbitals do. There is another 2p-pi orbital that has thesame shape as this one. You
can see what it looks like by rotatingthis one by 90 degrees toward you. Both of these orbitals
areoccupied in the ground-state N2 molecule. The 2p-pi starorbital is an antibonding orbital. It
has a node between the nucleiand a nodal plane containing the nuclei. There is another 2p-pistar
orbital with the same shape as this one in the N2molecule..
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.