Special senses 1
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The document summarizes the anatomy and functions of the eye and ear. It discusses how the eye receives and focuses light, and how the ear functions for hearing, balance when standing still, and balance when moving. It describes the retina and different types of visual receptors. It also outlines the outer, middle, and inner parts of the ear and their roles in sound gathering and transmission. Finally, it provides information on common eye conditions like nearsightedness, farsightedness, and aging eyes, as well as the anatomy of the eye and ear in more detail.
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2. Accommodation allows the lens to change shape for focusing on near and far objects via contraction of the ciliary muscle. This reflex involves pathways from the retina to brainstem and back.
3. Refractive errors like myopia and hyperopia result when light focuses in front or behind the retina, respectively, and are corrected using lenses.
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Superior Oblique Palsy
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3. Symptoms of hyperopia include blurred vision, asthenopia, and eye strain with near work. Treatment involves prescribing convex lenses to fully or partially correct the refractive error.
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Hypermetropia ppt
This document discusses hyperopia (farsightedness), which occurs when parallel rays of light focus behind the retina at rest. It defines different types of hyperopia such as physiological and pathological. Symptoms include eye strain, headaches, and blurred near vision. Diagnosis involves visual acuity tests, retinoscopy, and subjective refraction. Treatment options include convex lenses, contact lenses, and refractive surgery like LASIK. The prevalence of hyperopia changes with age, from high levels in infants to low levels in adults that may increase again in older age.
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The document discusses essential skills for pediatric eye care, including communication skills, physical exam techniques, common eye conditions in children like amblyopia and retinopathy of prematurity, and approaches to treating issues like cataracts and strabismus. It provides guidance on screening and examining children for vision, growth and development milestones, and identifying potential eye problems.
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Similar to Special senses 1
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There are three main mechanisms of human behavior:
1) Receiving mechanisms (receptors) which receive stimuli through the senses of sight, hearing, smell, taste and touch.
2) Connecting mechanisms (connectors) which are the central and peripheral nervous systems that transmit sensory information to the brain and motor responses from the brain.
3) Reacting mechanisms (reactors) which are muscles and glands that produce behavioral responses through movement or internal secretions in response to sensory stimuli.
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This document discusses various topics related to vision and visual impairment, including:
- The anatomy and physiology of the eye and how vision occurs.
- Types of visual impairments like blindness, low vision, and their causes.
- Educational approaches and assistive technologies for students with visual disabilities.
- Examples of successful individuals who achieved academic and career accomplishments despite being blind or having low vision.
- Tips for teachers on including and supporting students with visual impairments in the classroom.
The document provides an overview of the eye and vision, visual impairments, and strategies to support students with visual needs in education settings.
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1. The anatomy and function of the extraocular muscles and neural control centers.
2. Classification of abnormal eye movements including types (e.g. saccades, smooth pursuit) and causes (e.g. myopathies, nerve palsies).
3. Specific disorders are described in detail such as internuclear ophthalmoplegia, Parinaud's syndrome, and progressive supranuclear palsy.
4. Nystagmus is classified and mechanisms are discussed.
Sensation vison
Light enters the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina. The retina contains photoreceptor cells that transduce light into neural signals. These signals are sent to the visual cortex via the optic nerve and thalamus for processing and perception of vision. The retina contains both rod and cone photoreceptors. Rods support low light vision while cones support bright light and color vision. Common visual impairments include cataracts, glaucoma, nearsightedness, farsightedness, and astigmatism which affect the eye's ability to properly focus light.
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Special senses 1
- 1. SPECIAL SENSES: The Eye and the Ear ByB by Oluwatosin Owasanoye Medical Terminology Presentation 13 J
- 2. Functions of the Eye and Ear • The eye and ear are extremely intricate organs which allow us to see and hear our environment. • The eye receives and focuses light and converts this energy into nerve impulses that are sent to the brain. • The ear functions include hearing, static equilibrium (balance while standing still),and dynamic equilibrium(balance when moving). • The nerve impulses originate from the retina. • Visual receptors in the retina called rods can work in low intensity light. • Visual receptors called cones operate in high intensity light and do receive colors. • The outer and middle parts of the ear are responsible for sound gathering and transmission of sound. • The inner ear has the nerve endings for hearing and equilibrium.
- 3. Four of The Most Common Eye Conditions •Myopia(nearsightedness)- People with Myopic vision usually have eyeballs that are too large for their lens and cornea to focus light properly on the retina. •Hyperopia(farsightedness )-Hyperopia vision is caused by the eyeball being too small for the lens and cornea to focus light properly on the retina. •Presbyopia(aging eyes)-As people age, they often begin to have difficulty focusing their eyes for reading or close work. •Astigmatism(distorted vision)-People with Astigmatism have irregularly shaped cornea.
- 4. The Eye :Anatomy and Physiology. The study of the eye is known as ophthalmology. Structure of the eye: Eyeball Sclera Choroid Retina Eye muscles Eyelids Conjunctiva Lacrimal apparatus
- 5. COMMON CAUSES OF VISION LOSS Cataracts Age-Related muscular Degenration-(AMD) Glaucoma Diabetic Retinopath Eye Injuries Optic Nerve Hypoplasia Retinopathy of Prematurity-(ROP) Neurological Visual Impairment-(NVI) Ocular Albinism Coloboma
- 6. The Ear: Anatomy and Physiology. The Ears are paired sensory organs comprising the auditory system, involved in the detection of sound, and the vestibular system, invoved with maintaining body balance /equilibrium.The ear divides anatomically and functionally into three regions: External Ear Pinna External Auditory Canal Middle Ear Tympanic membrane(Ear Drum) Auditory Ossicles (malleus,incus,stapes) Middle Ear Cavity Eustachian Tube Inner Ear Oval Window Round Window Cochlea Semicircular Canals
- 7. Some Commonly Used Abbrevations PE-Pressure Equalizing Tube BC-Bone Condition OS-Left Eye AU-Both Ears EENT- Eye,Ear,Nose&Throat EOM-Extraocular Movement XT-Exotropia VA-Visual Acuity
- 8. REFERENCE www.medlineplus www.mayoclinic Googlescholar.com Medical Terminology: A living language, fourth edition by F.FREMGEN & S.FRUCHT