The document summarizes key information about the eye and ear. It discusses that the eye contains sensory receptor cells for vision and transmits images to the brain via the optic nerve. The study of the eye is called ophthalmology. Abbreviations like EENT, EM, OS, and VA are related to the eye. The ear contains sensory receptors for hearing and equilibrium and transmits information to the brain via cranial nerve VIII. The study of the ear is called otology and hearing disorders audiology. Abbreviations like EENT, AU, BC, OM, and PE tube are related to the ear. A PE tube is used to equalize pressure behind the eardrum and drain fluid from the middle ear.

1. Special Senses: The Eye and Ear
NIGHAT ALI
BIOS 120 – MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
PROFESSOR RASHIDAH ABDULLAH
11/11/2012

2. The Eye
 The eye contains the sensory receptor cells for vision. The
study of the eye is known as ophthalmology and an organ of
sight that transmits an external image by way of the
nervous system – the optic nerve – to the brain.
 Following abbreviations in section J are relative to the eye:
 EENT
 EM
 EOM
 OS
 VA
 XT

3. The Ear
 The study of the ear is referred to as otology and the study of
hearing disorders is called audiology . The ear contains the
sensory receptors for hearing and equilibrium. Hearing and
equilibrium sensory information is carried to the brain by cranial
nerve VIII – vestibulocochlear nerve. The cochlear nerve carries
hearing information, and the vestibular nerve carries equilibrium
information.
 Following abbreviations in section J are relative to the ear:
 EENT
 AU
 BC
 OM
 PE tube

4. PE tube – Pressure Equalizing Tube
 A small plastic or metal tube is placed within the
tympanic membrane to equalize the pressure behind
the eardrum and to allow for adequate drainage of
any fluid within the middle ear space. PE tubes have
been shown to decrease the frequency of ear
infections while not compromising hearing function.

5. EENT – Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat

6. BC – Bone Conduction
 Bone conduction is the conduction of sound to the inner ear
through the b ones of the skull.
 Bone conduction is the reason why a person's voice sounds
different to him/her when it is recorded and played back.
Because the skull conducts lower frequencies better than
air, people perceive their own voices to be lower and fuller
than others do.

7. AU – Both Ears
Latin meaning - auris utraque

8. OM – Otitis Media
 Inflammation of the middle ear, or middle ear infection. It occurs in the
area between the ear drum (the end of the outer ear) and the inner ear,
including a duct known as the eustachian tube. The inflammation often
begins with infections that cause sore throat, cold or other respiratory
problems, and spreads to the middle ear. Infections can be caused by
viruses or bacteria, and can be acute or chronic.

9. EM - Emmetropia
 describes the state of vision where an object at infinity is in
sharp focus with the eye lens in a neutral or relaxed state.
This condition of the normal eye is achieved when
the refractive power of the cornea and the axial length of
the eye balance out, which focuses rays exactly on
the retina, resulting in perfect vision. An eye in a state of
emmetropia requires no correction.

10. XT – Exotropia
 Exotropia refers to eyes that turn outward. It is the opposite
of crossed eyes, or esotropia. Exotropia may be congenital
(present at birth) or acquired. The acquired forms of
exotropia include intermittent exotropia, sensory exotropia,
and consecutive exotropia

11. OS – Left Eye
 Latin Term – oculus sinister

12. EOM – Extraocular Movement
 Eye movements are controlled by muscles innervated
by cranial nerves III, IV and VI. They are the
movements of the six eye muscles that connect the
eyeball to the skull, which allow for change in
direction of the eye’s sight line.

13. VA – Visual Acuity
 Test of the sharpness of one’s vision. A snellen chart
is used where the patient is asked to read and
identify the letters from a distance

14. THE END 
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