This document introduces SPARQL, the SPARQL query language used to retrieve and manipulate RDF data. It provides an example SPARQL query to return full names from a sample RDF graph. It then describes what a SPARQL Service Description is, which is a vocabulary for discovering and describing SPARQL services and endpoints. It outlines several properties and classes used in SPARQL Service Descriptions.

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SPARQL Service Description
An Introduction

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What is SPARQL?
• RDF Query language based on RDQL
• Used to retrieve and manipulate data stored in RDF format
• Uses SQL-like syntax
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SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language

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Example SPARQL Query
Return the full names of all people in the graph
PREFIX vCard: <http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#>
SELECT ?fullName
WHERE {?x vCard:FN ?fullName}
result:
fullName
=================
"John Smith"
"Mary Smith"
@prefix ex: <http://example.org/#> .
@prefix vcard: <http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#> .
ex:john
vcard:FN "John Smith" ;
vcard:N [
vcard:Given "John" ;
vcard:Family "Smith" ] ;
ex:hasAge 32 ;
ex:marriedTo :mary .
ex:mary
vcard:FN "Mary Smith" ;
vcard:N [
vcard:Given "Mary" ;
vcard:Family "Smith" ] ;
ex:hasAge 29 .

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What is a SPARQL Service Description?
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• Method for discovering and
• Vocabulary for describing SPARQL Services
• Commonly referred to as a „SPARQL endpoint“
• Provides mechanism by which informations can be discovered such as
– Supported extension functions
– Details about the available dataset
• Returns a service description when dereferenced using HTTP GET
SPARQL Service Description is ...

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SPARQL Service Description Properties
• sd:endpoint
– a SPARQL endpoint
• sd:feature
– a supported feature
• sd:defaultEntailmentRegime
– entailment regime used for basic graph pattern matching
• sd:extensionFunction
– a function that may be used in a SPARQL SELECT expression, or clauses like
FILTER, HAVING, GROUP BY, ...
• sd:defaultDataset
– a description of the default dataset available when no explicit dataset is specified
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SPARQL Service Description Properties
• sd:resultFormat
– a format for serializing query results
• sd:defaultGraph
– relates an instance of sd:Dataset to the description of its default graph
• sd:supportedLanguage
– relates an instance of sd:Service to a SPARQL language that it implements
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SPARQL Service Description Classes
• sd:Service
– an instance of sd:Service represents a SPARQL service
• sd:Feature
• sd:Language
• sd:EntailmentRegime
• sd:EntailmentProfile
• sd:GraphCollection
• sd:Dataset
– represents an RDF dataset comprised of a default graph and zero or more named
graphs
• sd:Graph
– represents the desription of an RDF graph
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SPARQL Service Description Instances
• sd:SPARQL10Query
• sd:SPARQL11Query
• sd:SPARQL11Update
• sd:DereferencedURIs
• sd:UnionDefaultGraph
• sd:RequiresDataset
• sd:EmptyGraphs
• sd:BasicFederatedQuery
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Example (Informative)
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!"#$%&"'("&"!"&")*"+',-.+'#)('
%+"+'$/"'&"+%01)2'-34'5)'$/"'
(#$#+"$'(%&5)2'6%"&7'"8#0%#19)'!%)*19)''%+"('5)':;<;=>'
"?@&"++59)'9&'"A2A'4.<>;-'*0#%+"''
("!#%0$'2&#@/'B5$/'CDD'
$&5@0"+'
EF<G-34'")$#50H")$'&"25H"'
%+"('5)'I#+5*'2&#@/'@#J"&)'H#$*/5)2'
+%@@9&$"('@&9K0"'9!'$/"'")$#50H")$'&"25H"'
+"&85*"'")(@95)$'
'
5H@0"H")$"(':LM-N<''
0#)2%#2"'
&"+%0$'+"&5#05O#19)'!9&H#$+'

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Thank you for your attention!