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SUMMER SCHOOL LEX 2014 - RDF + SPARQL querying the web of (lex)data

The document discusses the use of RDF (Resource Description Framework) and SPARQL for querying linked open data on the web, detailing principles for publishing data using URIs. It contrasts traditional database designs with a graph-based approach to represent relationships and entities, emphasizing the flexibility and power of linked data. Additionally, it covers negotiation of content types, SPARQL query patterns, and practical examples of querying data within a knowledge graph framework.

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RDF + SPARQL querying the web of (lex)data Diego Valerio Camarda regesta.exe www.regesta.com diego.camarda@regesta.com dvcama @ github&twitter DiegoValerioCamarda @ slideshare
a (really) short introduction to linked open data
what about IRIs and RDF a new way to publish data on the web ids are ambiguous and suck! Use URIs as names for things Use HTTP URIs so that people can look up those names Use the standards (RDF, SPARQL) providing useful information Include links to other URIs so that they can discover more things linked data principles Tim Berners-Lee July 27, 2006
The Children and Families Act 2014 http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2014/2270 what about IRIs and RDF turning documents into data ids are ambiguous and suck!
A new way to design databases RDF (aka ’define knowledge’)
Go Triples, go! the standard (old) approach ID_P COGNOME NOME REF_ID_SOCIETA GENERE 1 Camarda Diego 1 maschio 2 … … … … ID_SOCIETA DENOMINAZIONE SITO 1 Regesta.exe srl www.regesta.com
Go Triples, go! the new (cool) approach <http://www.regesta.com/diego>Subject
Go Triples, go! the new (cool) approach <http://www.regesta.com/diego> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/familyName> Subject Predicate
Go Triples, go! the new (cool) approach <http://www.regesta.com/diego> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/familyName> ‘Camarda’. Subject Predicate Object
Go Triples, go! the new (cool) approach <http://www.regesta.com/diego> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/familyName> ‘Camarda’. <http://www.regesta.com/diego> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/firstName> ‘Diego’. <http://www.regesta.com/diego> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/gender> ‘male’.
Go Triples, go! the new (cool) approach <http://www.regesta.com/diego> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/familyName> ‘Camarda’ ; <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/firstName> ‘Diego’ ; <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/gender> ‘male’ .
Go Triples, go! ok, but what a “diego” is?
Go Triples, go! it’s a person! <http://www.regesta.com/diego> a <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person>
Go Triples, go! adding a Class <http://www.regesta.com/diego> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/familyName> ‘Camarda’ ; <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/firstName> ‘Diego’ ; <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/gender> ‘male’ . <http://www.regesta.com/diego> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> .
Go Triples, go! building a graph <http://www.regesta.com/diego> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/familyName> ‘Camarda’ ; <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/firstName> ‘Diego’ ; <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/gender> ‘male’ ; <http://www.w3.org/1999/...#type> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> . <http://www.regesta.com/diego> <http://www.w3.org/ns/org#memberOf> <http://www.regesta.com/about> .
Go Triples, go! building a graph <http://www.regesta.com/diego> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/familyName> ‘Camarda’ ; <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/firstName> ‘Diego’ ; <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/gender> ‘male’ ; <http://www.w3.org/1999/...#type> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> ; <http://www.w3.org/ns/org#memberOf> <http://www.regesta.com/about> . <http://www.regesta.com/about> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://www.w3.org/ns/org#Organization> .
Go Triples, go! building a graph <http://www.regesta.com/diego> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/familyName> ‘Camarda’ ; <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/firstName> ‘Diego’ ; <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/gender> ‘male’ ; <http://www.w3.org/1999/...#type> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> ; <http://www.w3.org/ns/org#memberOf> <http://www.regesta.com/about> . <http://www.regesta.com/about> <http://www.w3.org/1999/...#type> <http://www.w3.org/ns/org#Organization> .
Go Triples, go! building a graph <http://www.regesta.com/diego> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/familyName> ‘Camarda’ ; <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/firstName> ‘Diego’ ; <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/gender> ‘male’ ; <http://www.w3.org/1999/...#type> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> ; <http://www.w3.org/ns/org#memberOf> <http://www.regesta.com/about> . <http://www.regesta.com/about> <http://www.w3.org/1999/...#type> <http://www.w3.org/ns/org#Organization> ; <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel> ‘Regesta.exe srl’ ; <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage> <http://www.regesta.com> .
Go Triples, go! Objects could be Subjects diego
Go Triples, go! considering diego and regesta diego regesta
Go Triples, go! <diego> <memberOf> <regesta> diego regesta
Go Triples, go! but, <regesta> <locatedIn> <rome> diego regesta rome
Go Triples, go! <diego> <placeOfBirth> <rome> diego regesta rome
Go Triples, go! <rome> <parentADM> <italy> diego regesta rome italy
Go Triples, go! <silvia> <placeOfBirth> <italy> diego regesta silvia rome italy
Go Triples, go! <silvia> <…> <…> diego regesta silvia rome italy
Go Triples, go! <…> <…> <…> = a knowledge graph! diego regesta silvia rome italy
A lot of sentence to achieve (descriptive) freedom <http://www.regesta.com/diego> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/familyName> ‘Camarda’ . <http://www.regesta.com/diego> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/firstName> ‘Diego’ . <http://www.regesta.com/diego> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/gender> ‘male’ . <http://www.regesta.com/diego> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> . <http://www.regesta.com/diego> <http://www.w3.org/ns/org#memberOf> <http://www.regesta.com> . <http://www.regesta.com/silvia> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/familyName> ‘Mazzini’ . <http://www.regesta.com/silvia> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/firstName> ‘Silvia’ . <http://www.regesta.com/silvia> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/gender> ‘female’ . <http://www.regesta.com/silvia> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> . <http://www.regesta.com/silvia> <http://www.w3.org/ns/org#memberOf> <http://www.regesta.com> . <http://www.regesta.com> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://www.w3.org/ns/org#Organization> . <http://www.regesta.com> <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel> ‘Regesta.exe srl’ . <http://www.regesta.com/silvia> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/knows> <http://www.regesta.com/diego> . <…> <…> <…>. <noBeer> <makeGoCreazy> <homer>. <noTv> <makeGoCreazy> <homer>.<noBeer> <makeGoCreazy> <homer>. <noTv> <makeGoCreazy> <homer>. <noBeer> <makeGoCreazy> <homer>. <noTv> <makeGoCreazy> <homer>. <noBeer> <makeGoCreazy> <homer>. <noTv> <makeGoCreazy> <homer>. <noBeer> <makeGoCreazy> <homer>. <noTv> <makeGoCreazy> <homer>. <noBeer> <makeGoCreazy> <homer>. <noTv> <makeGoCreazy> <homer>. <noBeer> <makeGoCreazy> <homer>. <noTv> <makeGoCreazy> <homer>. <noBeer> <makeGoCreazy> <homer>. <noTv> <makeGoCreazy> <homer>. <noBeer> <makeGoCreazy> <homer>. <noTv> <makeGoCreazy> <homer>. <noBeer> <makeGoCreazy> <homer>. <noTv> <makeGoCreazy> <homer>. <noBeer> <makeGoCreazy> <homer>. <noTv> <makeGoCreazy> <homer>. <noBeer> <makeGoCreazy> <homer>. <noTv> <makeGoCreazy> <homer>. <noBeer> <makeGoCreazy> <homer>. <noTv> <makeGoCreazy> <homer>. <noBeer> <makeGoCreazy> <homer>. <noTv> <makeGoCreazy> <homer>. <noBeer> <makeGoCreazy> <homer>. <noTv> <makeGoCreazy> <homer>. <noBeer> <makeGoCreazy> <homer>. <noTv> <makeGoCreazy> <homer>. <noBeer> <makeGoCreazy> <homer>. <noTv> <makeGoCreazy> <homer>. <noBeer> <makeGoCreazy> <homer>. <noTv> <makeGoCreazy> <homer>. <noBeer> …
Standards for semantic web
RDF http://www.w3.org/standards/techs/rdf SPARQL http://www.w3.org/standards/techs/sparql ONTOLOGIES http://www.w3.org/standards/semanticweb/ontology Did you studied HTML? Good! it's time for a new standard
The Resource Description Framework is a general-purpose language for representing information in the Web. It's time for a new standard RDF
The SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language is a query language and protocol for RDF. It's time for a new standard SPARQL
On the Semantic Web, vocabularies define the concepts and relationships (also referred to as “terms”) used to describe and represent an area of concern. It's time for a new standard Ontologies
PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> PREFIX dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/> PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> foaf:firstName dc:title rdfs:label Pre:fixes (ontologies) just a few words
Browsing the web of data
Resource Description Framework › SPARQL endpoint › dereferenceable URIs › content negotiation › standard ports, like 80 (HTTP) › JSONP support MUST!
Resource Description Framework › SPARQL endpoint › dereferenceable URIs › content negotiation › standards port, like 80 (HTTP) › JSONP support › up-to-date › the endpoint URL is easy to deduce from resources › the resources are described by dc:title or rdfs:label › the endpoint hosts a page for humans › the resources and the endpoint are on the same domain SHOULD! (please do it, for me)
SELECT * {?minnesota ?banana ?sun} SPARQL a must know query language
SPARQL group graph pattern diego regesta silvia rome italy diego regesta silvia rome italy
SPARQL group graph pattern diego regesta rome silvia italy silvia italy
SELECT ?person { ?person <placeOfBirth> ?place. ?person <memberOf> ?company . ?company <locatedIn> ?place . } SPARQL group graph pattern <diego>
SELECT ?person ?prop ?obj { ?person <placeOfBirth> ?place. ?person <memberOf> ?company. ?person ?prop ?obj . ?company <locatedIn> ?place . } SPARQL group graph pattern (turn the page)
person prop obj <diego> rdf:type foaf:Person <diego> foaf:firstName ‘Diego’ <diego> foaf:familyName ‘Camarda’ <diego> foaf:gender ‘male’ <diego> org:memberOf <regesta> SPARQL group graph pattern
DESCRIBE <diego> SPARQL describe (turn the page)
<diego> rdf:type foaf:Person . <diego> foaf:firstName ‘Diego’ . <diego> foaf:familyName ‘Camarda’ . <diego> foaf:gender ‘male’ . <diego> org:memberOf <regesta> . <silvia> foaf:knows <diego> . SPARQL describe
DISTINCT, COUNT GRAPH, PREFIX isBlank, isIRI, isLiteral, isNumeric FILTER, REGEX, STR FILTER NOT EXISTS, MINUS ORDER BY, OFFSET, LIMIT for other stuff http://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-query/ SPARQL minimum requirements
Please start negotiating content right now! Hi dude, I accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml Html pageGreat! I’ll serve you a web page Hi dude, I accept: application/rdf+xml RDF dataGreat… 302, redirect! Hi dude, I accept: pizza/margherita 406 errormmm… sorry
Please start negotiating content right now! application/rdf+xml application/xml text/plain text/turtle application/x-turtle application/trix application/x-trig text/n3 text/rdf+n3 application/trix application/x-trig application/x-binary-rdf text/x-nquads application/ld+json application/rdf+json application/xhtml+xml text/xml application/json application/rdf+xml application/rdf+n3 application/sparql-results+xml application/sparql-results+json
curl -L -H "Accept: application/rdf+xml" http://dati.camera.it/ocd/governo.rdf/g102 curl -L -H "Accept: text/n3" http://dati.camera.it/ocd/governo.rdf/g102 Please start negotiating content using CURL…
Java : Sesame / Jena Python : RDFLib Ruby : RDF.rb nodeJs : sparql-client or, as I do, simple HTTP GET + parsing results as json or xml Please start negotiating content …or a framework!
RDF data storing and deploying
It’s slow so keep calm 1 record 15 triples 2.949.771 votes 64.948.856 triples usually eg. Chamber of deputies data big data RDF probably will transform
Virtuoso Sesame Fuseki (Jena) Owlim / Bigdata (Sesame) AllegroGraph D2R server ARC2 … Triplestores I just need a SPARQL endpoint I just really need http://yourdomain/sparql
Case studies
select distinct ?o where {?s a ?o} select ?o count(distinct ?s) where {?s a ?o} select count(?s) where {?s ?p ?o} select count(?s) ?class where {?s ?p ?o; a ?class} select distinct ?p where {?s a <http://classe>; ?p ?o} select ?p count(?p) where {?s a <http://classe>; ?p ?o} select ?s where {?s a <http://classe>} ?p ?o where {<http://URI> ?p ?o} select distinct ?s ?title where {?s a <http://classe>; dc:title ?title. FILTER(REGEX(? title,’parola’,’i’))} LIMIT 100 SPARQL magic a query for all seasons
Case studies Chamber of deputies Senate of Republic
http://dati.camera.it/sparql http://dati.senato.it/sparql Useful links
All Bills filtered by year SELECT DISTINCT * {?bill a ocd:atto; dc:title ?title; dc:date ?date . FILTER(regex(?date,'^2014'))} ORDER BY ?date Last voted Bills SELECT distinct * WHERE { ?bill a ocd:atto; dc:title ?title. ?votazione a ocd:votazione; ocd:rif_attoCamera ?bill; dc:date ?data; dc:title ?denominazione; dc:description ?descrizione; ocd:votanti ?votanti; ocd:votazioneFinale 1; ocd:favorevoli ?favorevoli; ocd:contrari ?contrari; ocd:astenuti ?astenuti; ocd:rif_leg <http://dati.camera.it/ocd/legislatura.rdf/repubblica_17>} ORDER BY DESC(?data) Example queries Chamber of deputies
All Bills filtered by year PREFIX osr: <http://dati.senato.it/osr/> SELECT DISTINCT * {?bill a osr:Ddl; osr:titolo ?title; osr:dataPresentazione ?date . FILTER(regex(STR(?date),'^2014'))} ORDER BY ASC(?date) Last approved Bills PREFIX osr: <http://dati.senato.it/osr/> SELECT DISTINCT ?ddl ?titolo ?titoloBreve ?natura ?stato ?dataApprovato WHERE { ?ddl a osr:Ddl. ?ddl osr:statoDdl ?stato. ?ddl osr:ramo "S"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string>. ?ddl osr:dataPresentazione ?dataPresentazione. ?ddl osr:titolo ?titolo. OPTIONAL { ?ddl osr:titoloBreve ?titoloBreve }. ?ddl osr:natura ?natura. ?ddl osr:dataStatoDdl ?dataApprovato. ?ddl osr:testoApprovato ?testoApprovato FILTER(xsd:date(str(?dataApprovato)) <= xsd:date(str("2014-12-31"))) FILTER(xsd:date(str(?dataApprovato)) >= xsd:date(str("2014-01-01"))) } ORDER BY ?dataApprovato Example queries Senate of Republic
Case studies UK Legislation
http://gov.tso.co.uk/legislation/sparql http://openuplabs.tso.co.uk/sparql/gov-legislation http://www.opsi.gov.uk/legislation-api/developer/formats/rdf Useful links
All ‘Works’ filtered by year SELECT ?work ?date ?title {?work a frbr:Work . ?work dct:title ?title . ?work dct:created ?date . FILTER (REGEX(STR(?date),'^2014')) } ORDER BY desc(?date) Top subjects by year SELECT (count(?sub) as ?tot) ?sub { ?work a frbr:Work . ?work dct:subject ?sub . ?work dct:created ?date . FILTER (REGEX(STR(?date),'^2014')) } GROUP BY ?sub ORDER BY desc(?tot) LIMIT 100 Example queries
Even more Useful links
W3C standards http://www.w3.org/standards/semanticweb/ OKFN endpoints status (and list) http://sparqles.okfn.org LodLive (a SPRQL navigator) http://en.lodlive.it a very good intro to RDF https://github.com/JoshData/rdfabout/blob/gh-pages/intro-to-rdf.md Tim Berners-Lee’s “Linked Data – 5 stars ranking” http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/LinkedData.html My github page http://github.com/dvcama My email mailto:diego.camarda@regesta.com

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SUMMER SCHOOL LEX 2014 - RDF + SPARQL querying the web of (lex)data

  • 1.
    RDF + SPARQL queryingthe web of (lex)data Diego Valerio Camarda regesta.exe www.regesta.com diego.camarda@regesta.com dvcama @ github&twitter DiegoValerioCamarda @ slideshare
  • 2.
    a (really) short introductionto linked open data
  • 3.
    what about IRIsand RDF a new way to publish data on the web ids are ambiguous and suck! Use URIs as names for things Use HTTP URIs so that people can look up those names Use the standards (RDF, SPARQL) providing useful information Include links to other URIs so that they can discover more things linked data principles Tim Berners-Lee July 27, 2006
  • 4.
    The Children andFamilies Act 2014 http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2014/2270 what about IRIs and RDF turning documents into data ids are ambiguous and suck!
  • 5.
    A new wayto design databases RDF (aka ’define knowledge’)
  • 6.
    Go Triples, go! thestandard (old) approach ID_P COGNOME NOME REF_ID_SOCIETA GENERE 1 Camarda Diego 1 maschio 2 … … … … ID_SOCIETA DENOMINAZIONE SITO 1 Regesta.exe srl www.regesta.com
  • 7.
    Go Triples, go! thenew (cool) approach <http://www.regesta.com/diego>Subject
  • 8.
    Go Triples, go! thenew (cool) approach <http://www.regesta.com/diego> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/familyName> Subject Predicate
  • 9.
    Go Triples, go! thenew (cool) approach <http://www.regesta.com/diego> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/familyName> ‘Camarda’. Subject Predicate Object
  • 10.
    Go Triples, go! thenew (cool) approach <http://www.regesta.com/diego> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/familyName> ‘Camarda’. <http://www.regesta.com/diego> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/firstName> ‘Diego’. <http://www.regesta.com/diego> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/gender> ‘male’.
  • 11.
    Go Triples, go! thenew (cool) approach <http://www.regesta.com/diego> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/familyName> ‘Camarda’ ; <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/firstName> ‘Diego’ ; <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/gender> ‘male’ .
  • 12.
    Go Triples, go! ok,but what a “diego” is?
  • 13.
    Go Triples, go! it’sa person! <http://www.regesta.com/diego> a <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person>
  • 14.
    Go Triples, go! addinga Class <http://www.regesta.com/diego> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/familyName> ‘Camarda’ ; <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/firstName> ‘Diego’ ; <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/gender> ‘male’ . <http://www.regesta.com/diego> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> .
  • 15.
    Go Triples, go! buildinga graph <http://www.regesta.com/diego> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/familyName> ‘Camarda’ ; <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/firstName> ‘Diego’ ; <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/gender> ‘male’ ; <http://www.w3.org/1999/...#type> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> . <http://www.regesta.com/diego> <http://www.w3.org/ns/org#memberOf> <http://www.regesta.com/about> .
  • 16.
    Go Triples, go! buildinga graph <http://www.regesta.com/diego> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/familyName> ‘Camarda’ ; <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/firstName> ‘Diego’ ; <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/gender> ‘male’ ; <http://www.w3.org/1999/...#type> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> ; <http://www.w3.org/ns/org#memberOf> <http://www.regesta.com/about> . <http://www.regesta.com/about> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://www.w3.org/ns/org#Organization> .
  • 17.
    Go Triples, go! buildinga graph <http://www.regesta.com/diego> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/familyName> ‘Camarda’ ; <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/firstName> ‘Diego’ ; <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/gender> ‘male’ ; <http://www.w3.org/1999/...#type> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> ; <http://www.w3.org/ns/org#memberOf> <http://www.regesta.com/about> . <http://www.regesta.com/about> <http://www.w3.org/1999/...#type> <http://www.w3.org/ns/org#Organization> .
  • 18.
    Go Triples, go! buildinga graph <http://www.regesta.com/diego> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/familyName> ‘Camarda’ ; <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/firstName> ‘Diego’ ; <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/gender> ‘male’ ; <http://www.w3.org/1999/...#type> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> ; <http://www.w3.org/ns/org#memberOf> <http://www.regesta.com/about> . <http://www.regesta.com/about> <http://www.w3.org/1999/...#type> <http://www.w3.org/ns/org#Organization> ; <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel> ‘Regesta.exe srl’ ; <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage> <http://www.regesta.com> .
  • 19.
    Go Triples, go! Objectscould be Subjects diego
  • 20.
    Go Triples, go! consideringdiego and regesta diego regesta
  • 21.
    Go Triples, go! <diego><memberOf> <regesta> diego regesta
  • 22.
    Go Triples, go! but,<regesta> <locatedIn> <rome> diego regesta rome
  • 23.
    Go Triples, go! <diego><placeOfBirth> <rome> diego regesta rome
  • 24.
    Go Triples, go! <rome><parentADM> <italy> diego regesta rome italy
  • 25.
    Go Triples, go! <silvia><placeOfBirth> <italy> diego regesta silvia rome italy
  • 26.
    Go Triples, go! <silvia><…> <…> diego regesta silvia rome italy
  • 27.
    Go Triples, go! <…><…> <…> = a knowledge graph! diego regesta silvia rome italy
  • 28.
    A lot ofsentence to achieve (descriptive) freedom <http://www.regesta.com/diego> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/familyName> ‘Camarda’ . <http://www.regesta.com/diego> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/firstName> ‘Diego’ . <http://www.regesta.com/diego> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/gender> ‘male’ . <http://www.regesta.com/diego> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> . <http://www.regesta.com/diego> <http://www.w3.org/ns/org#memberOf> <http://www.regesta.com> . <http://www.regesta.com/silvia> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/familyName> ‘Mazzini’ . <http://www.regesta.com/silvia> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/firstName> ‘Silvia’ . <http://www.regesta.com/silvia> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/gender> ‘female’ . <http://www.regesta.com/silvia> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> . <http://www.regesta.com/silvia> <http://www.w3.org/ns/org#memberOf> <http://www.regesta.com> . <http://www.regesta.com> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://www.w3.org/ns/org#Organization> . <http://www.regesta.com> <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel> ‘Regesta.exe srl’ . <http://www.regesta.com/silvia> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/knows> <http://www.regesta.com/diego> . <…> <…> <…>. <noBeer> <makeGoCreazy> <homer>. <noTv> <makeGoCreazy> <homer>.<noBeer> <makeGoCreazy> <homer>. <noTv> <makeGoCreazy> <homer>. <noBeer> <makeGoCreazy> <homer>. <noTv> <makeGoCreazy> <homer>. <noBeer> <makeGoCreazy> <homer>. <noTv> <makeGoCreazy> <homer>. <noBeer> <makeGoCreazy> <homer>. <noTv> <makeGoCreazy> <homer>. <noBeer> <makeGoCreazy> <homer>. <noTv> <makeGoCreazy> <homer>. <noBeer> <makeGoCreazy> <homer>. <noTv> <makeGoCreazy> <homer>. <noBeer> <makeGoCreazy> <homer>. <noTv> <makeGoCreazy> <homer>. <noBeer> <makeGoCreazy> <homer>. <noTv> <makeGoCreazy> <homer>. <noBeer> <makeGoCreazy> <homer>. <noTv> <makeGoCreazy> <homer>. <noBeer> <makeGoCreazy> <homer>. <noTv> <makeGoCreazy> <homer>. <noBeer> <makeGoCreazy> <homer>. <noTv> <makeGoCreazy> <homer>. <noBeer> <makeGoCreazy> <homer>. <noTv> <makeGoCreazy> <homer>. <noBeer> <makeGoCreazy> <homer>. <noTv> <makeGoCreazy> <homer>. <noBeer> <makeGoCreazy> <homer>. <noTv> <makeGoCreazy> <homer>. <noBeer> <makeGoCreazy> <homer>. <noTv> <makeGoCreazy> <homer>. <noBeer> <makeGoCreazy> <homer>. <noTv> <makeGoCreazy> <homer>. <noBeer> <makeGoCreazy> <homer>. <noTv> <makeGoCreazy> <homer>. <noBeer> …
  • 29.
  • 30.
  • 31.
    The Resource DescriptionFramework is a general-purpose language for representing information in the Web. It's time for a new standard RDF
  • 32.
    The SPARQL Protocoland RDF Query Language is a query language and protocol for RDF. It's time for a new standard SPARQL
  • 33.
    On the SemanticWeb, vocabularies define the concepts and relationships (also referred to as “terms”) used to describe and represent an area of concern. It's time for a new standard Ontologies
  • 34.
    PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> PREFIXdc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/> PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> foaf:firstName dc:title rdfs:label Pre:fixes (ontologies) just a few words
  • 35.
  • 36.
    Resource Description Framework › SPARQLendpoint › dereferenceable URIs › content negotiation › standard ports, like 80 (HTTP) › JSONP support MUST!
  • 37.
    Resource Description Framework › SPARQLendpoint › dereferenceable URIs › content negotiation › standards port, like 80 (HTTP) › JSONP support › up-to-date › the endpoint URL is easy to deduce from resources › the resources are described by dc:title or rdfs:label › the endpoint hosts a page for humans › the resources and the endpoint are on the same domain SHOULD! (please do it, for me)
  • 38.
    SELECT * {?minnesota?banana ?sun} SPARQL a must know query language
  • 39.
  • 40.
  • 41.
    SELECT ?person { ?person<placeOfBirth> ?place. ?person <memberOf> ?company . ?company <locatedIn> ?place . } SPARQL group graph pattern <diego>
  • 42.
    SELECT ?person ?prop?obj { ?person <placeOfBirth> ?place. ?person <memberOf> ?company. ?person ?prop ?obj . ?company <locatedIn> ?place . } SPARQL group graph pattern (turn the page)
  • 43.
    person prop obj <diego>rdf:type foaf:Person <diego> foaf:firstName ‘Diego’ <diego> foaf:familyName ‘Camarda’ <diego> foaf:gender ‘male’ <diego> org:memberOf <regesta> SPARQL group graph pattern
  • 44.
  • 45.
    <diego> rdf:type foaf:Person. <diego> foaf:firstName ‘Diego’ . <diego> foaf:familyName ‘Camarda’ . <diego> foaf:gender ‘male’ . <diego> org:memberOf <regesta> . <silvia> foaf:knows <diego> . SPARQL describe
  • 46.
    DISTINCT, COUNT GRAPH, PREFIX isBlank,isIRI, isLiteral, isNumeric FILTER, REGEX, STR FILTER NOT EXISTS, MINUS ORDER BY, OFFSET, LIMIT for other stuff http://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-query/ SPARQL minimum requirements
  • 47.
    Please start negotiatingcontent right now! Hi dude, I accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml Html pageGreat! I’ll serve you a web page Hi dude, I accept: application/rdf+xml RDF dataGreat… 302, redirect! Hi dude, I accept: pizza/margherita 406 errormmm… sorry
  • 48.
    Please start negotiatingcontent right now! application/rdf+xml application/xml text/plain text/turtle application/x-turtle application/trix application/x-trig text/n3 text/rdf+n3 application/trix application/x-trig application/x-binary-rdf text/x-nquads application/ld+json application/rdf+json application/xhtml+xml text/xml application/json application/rdf+xml application/rdf+n3 application/sparql-results+xml application/sparql-results+json
  • 49.
    curl -L -H"Accept: application/rdf+xml" http://dati.camera.it/ocd/governo.rdf/g102 curl -L -H "Accept: text/n3" http://dati.camera.it/ocd/governo.rdf/g102 Please start negotiating content using CURL…
  • 50.
    Java : Sesame/ Jena Python : RDFLib Ruby : RDF.rb nodeJs : sparql-client or, as I do, simple HTTP GET + parsing results as json or xml Please start negotiating content …or a framework!
  • 51.
  • 52.
    It’s slow so keepcalm 1 record 15 triples 2.949.771 votes 64.948.856 triples usually eg. Chamber of deputies data big data RDF probably will transform
  • 53.
    Virtuoso Sesame Fuseki (Jena) Owlim /Bigdata (Sesame) AllegroGraph D2R server ARC2 … Triplestores I just need a SPARQL endpoint I just really need http://yourdomain/sparql
  • 54.
  • 55.
    select distinct ?owhere {?s a ?o} select ?o count(distinct ?s) where {?s a ?o} select count(?s) where {?s ?p ?o} select count(?s) ?class where {?s ?p ?o; a ?class} select distinct ?p where {?s a <http://classe>; ?p ?o} select ?p count(?p) where {?s a <http://classe>; ?p ?o} select ?s where {?s a <http://classe>} ?p ?o where {<http://URI> ?p ?o} select distinct ?s ?title where {?s a <http://classe>; dc:title ?title. FILTER(REGEX(? title,’parola’,’i’))} LIMIT 100 SPARQL magic a query for all seasons
  • 56.
    Case studies Chamber ofdeputies Senate of Republic
  • 57.
  • 58.
    All Bills filteredby year SELECT DISTINCT * {?bill a ocd:atto; dc:title ?title; dc:date ?date . FILTER(regex(?date,'^2014'))} ORDER BY ?date Last voted Bills SELECT distinct * WHERE { ?bill a ocd:atto; dc:title ?title. ?votazione a ocd:votazione; ocd:rif_attoCamera ?bill; dc:date ?data; dc:title ?denominazione; dc:description ?descrizione; ocd:votanti ?votanti; ocd:votazioneFinale 1; ocd:favorevoli ?favorevoli; ocd:contrari ?contrari; ocd:astenuti ?astenuti; ocd:rif_leg <http://dati.camera.it/ocd/legislatura.rdf/repubblica_17>} ORDER BY DESC(?data) Example queries Chamber of deputies
  • 59.
    All Bills filteredby year PREFIX osr: <http://dati.senato.it/osr/> SELECT DISTINCT * {?bill a osr:Ddl; osr:titolo ?title; osr:dataPresentazione ?date . FILTER(regex(STR(?date),'^2014'))} ORDER BY ASC(?date) Last approved Bills PREFIX osr: <http://dati.senato.it/osr/> SELECT DISTINCT ?ddl ?titolo ?titoloBreve ?natura ?stato ?dataApprovato WHERE { ?ddl a osr:Ddl. ?ddl osr:statoDdl ?stato. ?ddl osr:ramo "S"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string>. ?ddl osr:dataPresentazione ?dataPresentazione. ?ddl osr:titolo ?titolo. OPTIONAL { ?ddl osr:titoloBreve ?titoloBreve }. ?ddl osr:natura ?natura. ?ddl osr:dataStatoDdl ?dataApprovato. ?ddl osr:testoApprovato ?testoApprovato FILTER(xsd:date(str(?dataApprovato)) <= xsd:date(str("2014-12-31"))) FILTER(xsd:date(str(?dataApprovato)) >= xsd:date(str("2014-01-01"))) } ORDER BY ?dataApprovato Example queries Senate of Republic
  • 60.
  • 61.
  • 62.
    All ‘Works’ filteredby year SELECT ?work ?date ?title {?work a frbr:Work . ?work dct:title ?title . ?work dct:created ?date . FILTER (REGEX(STR(?date),'^2014')) } ORDER BY desc(?date) Top subjects by year SELECT (count(?sub) as ?tot) ?sub { ?work a frbr:Work . ?work dct:subject ?sub . ?work dct:created ?date . FILTER (REGEX(STR(?date),'^2014')) } GROUP BY ?sub ORDER BY desc(?tot) LIMIT 100 Example queries
  • 63.
  • 64.
    W3C standards http://www.w3.org/standards/semanticweb/ OKFN endpointsstatus (and list) http://sparqles.okfn.org LodLive (a SPRQL navigator) http://en.lodlive.it a very good intro to RDF https://github.com/JoshData/rdfabout/blob/gh-pages/intro-to-rdf.md Tim Berners-Lee’s “Linked Data – 5 stars ranking” http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/LinkedData.html My github page http://github.com/dvcama My email mailto:diego.camarda@regesta.com