1) Spain was one of the first modern empires founded in 1492 with the union of the Kingdoms of Castile and Aragon. It held power over much of the colonial world for three centuries. 2) The Spanish Empire was at its height under Habsburg rule in the 16th-17th centuries, possessing territories across Europe, the Americas, and Asia. However, conflicts like the Anglo-Spanish War weakened its dominance. 3) The period from the 15th to 17th centuries saw Spain's cultural Golden Age amid the rise and fall of its empire, with famous artists, composers, writers emerging during this time of exploration and colonization.

1. American Colonial Empires: Part 2. Spain 1450-1800 Kristina Underwood History 140

2. History of Spain Founded on the Iberian Peninsula 1492- Kingdom of Spain created, Kingdom of Castile and Kingdom of Aragon united (Queen Isabella I and King Ferdinand II) One of first modern empires Held most power in colonial world for three centuries Economic damage let to decline- Habsburg regime War of Spanish Succession- based on unification, ended Spain’s great power in the west

3. Habsburg Spain Height and first decline under Habsburgs rule during the 16th-17th centuries (world’s utmost power) Charles I of Spain (also Emperor Charles V of Holy Roman Empire)- king in 1516, ruled Spain in its greatest point in Europe Age of Expansion Territories included Americas to East Indies, France, Germany, Italy, Portugal, and other smaller areas Philip II of Spain- successor to Charles V 1556 Philip II wanted control of Netherland, attempting to conquer England Spanish Armada, part of the Anglo-Spanish War (1585-1604) Mid-16th century- American silver, making Spain the leading power in Europe The time period the great plague of 1569-1602 occurred Philip III, Philip IV of Spain, and Charles II were all successors to Habsburg Spain War of the Spanish Succession- won by King Louis XIV of France, taking Spain into the Bourbon dynasty

4. The Spanish Empire Began during the Age of Exploration, beginning of global empires Lasted from 15th-20th century War of the Castilian Succession- fight for the crown of Castile ended with the unity of Queen of Castile and King of Aragon, leading to the emergence of Spain Took over large North and South American territories and several European countires in the 16th century Ferdinand Magellan- world circumnavigation 1519 Miguel Lopez de Legazpi- established Spanish East Indies in the Philippine Islands Battle of Cartagena de Indias 1741- allowed Spain to stay in Americas until the 19thcentury Spanish expeditions to the Pacific Northwest- settling in Canada and Alaska

5. Spanish Golden Age Siglo de Oro- Golden Century Begun after 1492 until about 1659 Took place during the rise, decline, and fall of Habsburgs dynasty Time period where art and letters flourished Famous artists: Diego Velázquez, Count-Duke of Olivares, El Greco Famous composers: Tomás Luis de Victoria, Luis de Milán, Alonso Lobo Famous writers and playwrights: Miguel de Cervantes and Lope de Vega

6. Spanish Colonization of the Americas Settlement by the Spanish empire of a major part of the western hemisphere Spread of Christianity- 1492 to 1898 Christopher Columbus- arrived 1492 (originally rejected by Portugal, sent on voyage by Spain) Three G’s: gold, glory, gospel- what the Spanish were driven by Colonies in America were divded into Viceroyalty of New Spain 1535, and Viceroyalty of Peru 1542, later came Viceroyalty of New Granada 1717, and Viceroyalty of Rio de la Plata 1776 Revolutionary movements independence of many American colonies under Spanish rule Spain eventually lost all colonies in America after Spanish-American War 1898