1 Spain Historic Background
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The document provides a historical overview of Spain from Roman times to the 16th century. It discusses how the Iberian Peninsula was united under Roman rule then Christianized in the 8th century before a Muslim invasion in the 10th century. It then summarizes the Reconquest by Christian kingdoms, the establishment of separate kingdoms, and marriages that brought much of Spain under shared rulers Ferdinand and Isabella. Their rule marked Spain's rise as a great power extending across Europe and into the Americas.
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Similar to 1 Spain Historic Background
History of Spain from 800.000 BC to 1715
Spain has been home to many different peoples and civilizations over hundreds of thousands of years. The earliest human remains in Spain date back 800,000 years ago. Romans conquered the Iberian Peninsula between 218-19 BC and spread their culture and social structures. Muslims ruled Spain for over 700 years beginning in 711 AD, bringing economic and cultural development. In the 15th century, Isabella of Castile and Ferdinand of Aragon united Spain and expelled the Muslims, establishing the Spanish Empire under the Hapsburg dynasty.
Habsburg dinasty
The document discusses the modern age in Spain from 1580-1700. It summarizes the reigns of several Spanish monarchs during this period including Charles I, Philip II, Philip III, Philip IV, and Charles II. Key events included the territorial unification of Spain, wars with France and the Ottoman Empire, the Spanish Armada against England, revolts in the Low Countries and Portugal, and the gradual decline of the Habsburg dynasty's control over its vast empire in this period.
Spanish 18th century
The War of the Spanish Succession (1701-1714) was fought over a possible unification of the Kingdoms of Spain and France under a single Bourbon monarch. It resulted in Philip V remaining King of Spain but being removed from the French line of succession to prevent the unification. Spain lost most of its European territories. Under Philip V and later kings such as Charles III, Spain underwent reforms and centralization of government while struggling with the loss of its empire to other European powers like Britain.
The spanish empire
The document discusses the history of Spain and the Spanish Empire from ancient times to the 16th century. It describes how the Iberian peninsula was formerly known as Hispania and contained modern day nations like Portugal and Spain. The Spanish Empire became one of the first global empires in the 16th century through exploration and colonial expansion across oceans. The empire was at its peak in the 16th-17th centuries under Habsburg rule but also saw its decline during this time period. The empire settled territories in the Americas and Philippines during this era of expansion and exploration.
The Spanish Empire
The document discusses the history of Spain and the Spanish Empire from ancient times to the 16th century. It describes how the Iberian peninsula was formerly known as Hispania and contained modern day nations like Portugal and Spain. The Spanish Empire became one of the first global empires in the 16th century through exploration and colonial expansion across oceans. At its peak in the 16th-17th centuries under the Habsburgs, the empire reached into Europe, Asia, and the Americas, controlling territories from the Philippines to large parts of North and South America. However, difficulties like failed military campaigns and disease epidemics later contributed to the empire's decline.
The 18th century: the first Bourbons and Enlightenment
The document summarizes the political, social, and economic developments in Spain during the 18th century, a period defined by the establishment of the Bourbon dynasty and the influence of Enlightenment ideas. Key events included the War of Spanish Succession that resulted in Philip V becoming king, the centralization of power through absolutism and reforms, and Spain's involvement in international conflicts through alliances with France. The Bourbons suppressed regional autonomy outside of the Basque provinces and Navarre through the Nueva Planta decrees. The era saw the consolidation of an absolute monarchy, though Enlightenment thinking faced limitations from the Catholic Church.
Spanish empire
The Spanish empire originated with the marriage of Isabella of Castile and Ferdinand of Aragon in 1469, uniting Spain. Their daughter married into the powerful Hapsburg family of Europe, beginning Hapsburg rule over Spain from the 16th-17th century. During this period, Spain became the most powerful nation in Europe through its vast overseas colonies supplying wealth and establishing Catholic dominance. However, wars and economic troubles weakened Spain, leading to the Bourbon succession after the War of Spanish Succession in the early 1700s.
Theme3 spain and portugal
The document provides background on the histories of Portugal, Spain, and their colonial empires. It discusses how Portugal and Spain rose to become global colonial powers between the 15th-16th centuries through exploration and conquest. It also profiles individuals from Portuguese and Spanish colonies in America, including indigenous leaders, settlers, and those of mixed heritage.
U8. spanish hegemony 16 century
The document provides background information on Spanish history from ancient times through the early modern period when Spain rose to become a dominant global power. It summarizes key events such as the marriage of Ferdinand and Isabella that united Castile and Aragon, their conquest of Granada in 1492, and their establishment of policies that laid the foundations for the Spanish Empire. It then discusses the 16th century reigns of Charles I and Philip II of the House of Habsburg, noting how they consolidated Spanish hegemony in Europe and amassed global territories, facing internal and external conflicts along the way.
Revolts In The Reign Of Philip Ii
There were several major revolts against Philip II's rule in Spain and Italy in the late 16th century. These included the Dutch Revolt from 1566-1609 over heresy laws and noble rights, the Morisco Revolt in Granada from 1568-1570 over religious freedom and taxes, and a revolt in Naples in 1585 in response to economic pressures. Philip II's increasingly oppressive treatment of the Morisco population, such as banning their language and customs, confiscating land, and higher taxes, led to the major Morisco Revolt in Granada. After suppressing the revolt, Philip deported over 80,000 Moriscos from Granada and dispersed them across Castile.
Theme 3 part 2
The document summarizes the rise and fall of the Spanish Empire between the 15th-18th centuries. It describes how the reconquest of Spain from the Moors was completed in 1492 under Isabella I and Ferdinand II, who expelled the Jews and Muslims. The Spanish Golden Age occurred in the 16th-17th centuries due to silver from Mexico, though inflation set in later. The Spanish Habsburg dynasty bankrupted Spain through wars. The Spanish Empire declined due to plague, rebellions, and the War of Spanish Succession that brought the Bourbon dynasty to the throne in the early 18th century.
The catholic kings
The Catholic Kings Isabel of Castile and Ferdinand of Aragon united the kingdoms of Castile and Aragon through marriage, creating a single Spanish state. They centralized power in the monarchy, established the Spanish Inquisition, and completed the Reconquista with the fall of Granada in 1492. That same year, Christopher Columbus' voyage to the Americas under Castilian sponsorship began the Spanish colonization of the New World. The Catholic Kings consolidated their rule through domestic and foreign policies that strengthened royal authority over nobles and achieved religious and territorial unity in Spain.
The catholic kings
1) Isabel of Castile and Ferdinand of Aragon united their kingdoms through marriage in 1469, forming the basis for a unified Spanish state.
2) They pursued religious and political unity, expelling Jews in 1492, conquering Granada from the Moors, and incorporating Navarre and other territories.
3) Their expansion led to the colonization of the Americas beginning in 1492 with Columbus' voyage, while maintaining control in the Mediterranean through alliances and military campaigns.
Spanish empire PP
The document summarizes the history of the Spanish Empire from its origins to its decline. It began with the reconquest of Spain from the Moors in 1492 and the voyages of Columbus that sparked Spain's colonial expansion. In the 16th century, Spain established a vast global empire through conquering the Aztec and Inca empires in the Americas and establishing colonies worldwide. However, by the 17th century Spain entered a gradual decline as its costly European wars drained its resources and its Habsburg rulers grew increasingly ineffective. The Spanish Empire reached its peak in the 17th century but lost most of its European holdings by the early 18th century.
The Modern Age in Spain (I)
During the 15th and 16th centuries in Spain:
- Ferdinand and Isabella unified the country and imposed Catholicism, establishing the Spanish Inquisition.
- Their support of Columbus led to the discovery of America in 1492, bringing gold and silver back to Spain.
- Under King Charles I and King Philip II, Spain built a vast overseas empire through further exploration and conquest, most notably defeating the Moors in Granada. However, the costs of maintaining this empire began to economically drain Spain.
The spanish empire and habsburg spain
The Spanish Empire reached its peak during the 16th and 17th centuries under the Habsburg dynasty, controlling territory from the Americas to the East Indies. Spain focused on colonizing the Americas for exploration and resources. However, involvement in European religious wars drained Spain financially and led to the loss of European possessions by the early 18th century, though Spain retained control of its overseas empire.
Theme 3- spain and portugal
The document provides an overview of the history of the Portuguese and Spanish Empires from their origins to their decline. It discusses how Portugal rose to become a global power during the Age of Discovery in the 15th and 16th centuries as they explored the coasts of Africa, Asia, and Brazil. Spain likewise grew powerful under the Habsburg dynasty in the 16th century, controlling territories in Europe and colonies in the Americas, though both empires began declining by the 17th century as they lost territories to other European powers like Britain and the Netherlands.
Absolute Monarchical System in Europe
This document provides information about monarchies and absolute monarchies, as well as examples from Spain, France, and England. It discusses key monarchs like Charles V, Philip II, Louis XIV, Elizabeth I, and Charles I and events like the Spanish Armada, Thirty Years' War, English Civil War, and more. The document examines the rise and decline of absolute monarchies in Europe and the shift toward more constitutional forms of government.
The spanish empire
The document discusses the history of Spain from its origins as Hispania through the formation of the Spanish kingdom in 1492. It summarizes Spain's vast colonial empire that stretched from California to Patagonia and the cultural influence Spain had worldwide. Specific periods discussed include Al-Andalus under Muslim rule, the post-Napoleonic era in the early 1800s, the peak of Spanish power under the Habsburgs, and the cultural golden age between the 15th-17th centuries.
The Hispanic Monarchy in the 16th and 17th centuries
The document summarizes the history of the Hispanic Empire between the 16th and 17th centuries, when it was ruled by the House of Habsburg of Austria. It describes how Charles I inherited a vast empire through marriage and succession, but faced numerous revolts within Spain and wars against France, the Ottoman Empire, and Protestants. His son Philip II expanded the empire further but also battled France, the Ottomans, and England, leading to economic troubles. The empire began to decline in the 17th century despite attempts to centralize power and strictly enforce Catholicism.
Similar to 1 Spain Historic Background (20)
The 18th century: the first Bourbons and Enlightenment
The 18th century: the first Bourbons and Enlightenment
The Hispanic Monarchy in the 16th and 17th centuries
The Hispanic Monarchy in the 16th and 17th centuries
More from Del Nicholls
Summary Of Failure
The document discusses several factors that contributed to Spain's failure to crush the Dutch revolt, including:
1) Weak and ineffective Spanish leadership under figures like Granvelle, Alva, and Don John which antagonized the Dutch and lacked direction from Philip.
2) Foreign intervention from enemies of Spain like the Ottoman Empire, France, and England which drained Spanish resources and provided some support to the Dutch.
3) The nature of the fighting as a long war of sieges amid fortified towns, difficult terrain, and the Dutch ability to continue trading via sea lanes, which hampered the Spanish war effort.
Summary Of Failure
The document discusses several factors that contributed to Spain's failure to crush the Dutch revolt, including:
1) Weak and ineffective Spanish leadership under figures like Granvelle, Alva, and Don John which antagonized the Dutch and lacked direction from Philip.
2) Foreign intervention from enemies of Spain like the Ottoman Empire, France, and England which drained Spanish resources and provided some support to the Dutch.
3) The nature of the fighting as a long war of sieges amid fortified towns, difficult terrain, and the Dutch ability to continue trading via sea lanes, which hampered the Spanish war effort.
Successes Of Fp Summary
Philip II's foreign policy changed significantly over the course of his reign from 1556 to 1598. Initially defensive against the Ottoman Turks, he had some successes including the victory at Lepanto in 1571. However, the wars were very costly. His policy became more aggressive after 1584, including sending the Spanish Armada against England in 1588. However, the wars in France and the Netherlands drained Spanish resources and led to its economic decline. By 1598 Spain was bankrupt after overextending itself militarily across Europe, marking the start of the decline of its golden age.
Did Anyone Benefit Under The Nazis Summary
While public works programs and rearmament reduced unemployment in Germany under Nazi rule, this came at the cost of individual liberties and paved the way for war. The German Labour Front maintained strict control over workers, banning strikes and unions to keep wages low while propaganda campaigns promoted consumerism and traditional gender roles to boost employment. However, many Jews lost their jobs as anti-Semitic policies took hold, and few truly benefited from the Nazis' oppressive social and economic reforms.
Versailles Summary
By 1918, Germany was experiencing severe hardships from World War 1:
- Germany was virtually bankrupt and national income had fallen significantly.
- Over 600,000 widows and 2 million children had lost their fathers, straining Germany's welfare system.
- Industrial production had fallen by one-third, deepening divisions within German society.
- The war led to a revolution in late 1918 and the establishment of a democratic republic, though it remained unstable.
League Of Nations Summary 1930\ S
The document discusses why the League of Nations failed in Manchuria and Abyssinia. In Manchuria, Japan invaded in 1931 and the League took a long time to respond, appearing weak. Germany then left the League and began openly rearming. In Abyssinia, Italy invaded in 1935 and the League could not agree on effective sanctions, with Britain and France seeking a secret deal. The League was seen as powerless and irrelevant against the actions of dictators like Japan, Germany, and Italy.
League Of Nations Summary
The document discusses the League of Nations, its aims and structure, and factors that influenced its effectiveness. It examines why some countries like Germany, Russia and the US did not initially join. It outlines the League's main strengths like its inclusive membership, and weaknesses such as lacking enforcement powers and unanimous decision making. Specific cases like Corfu, the Kellogg-Briand Pact, and responses to events in Bulgaria, Poland and the Ruhr Valley are examined in terms of what they reveal about the League's impact.
Philip Ii Government Summary
Philip II's personal style of micromanaging the Spanish government led to problems. He demanded detailed information from across his vast empire, which overloaded him with paperwork. This made him indecisive and slowed decision-making. It also alienated provinces that felt neglected. Factions within his government competed for influence, sometimes damagingly, as seen in the Perez Affair scandal. Philip's distrust and reliance on paperwork undermined efficient governance.
How Strong And Propsperous Was Spain In 1556 Summary
Charles I left Philip II of Spain an expansive but vulnerable empire with a government that required reform. The government lacked a fixed capital and relied on Charles' constant movement and presence. Local administration depended on nobles as councils grew in power to govern new policy areas like war. Finances were poor with debt and revenue failing to cover the costs of continuous war with France over dynastic rivalries. The economy was behind compared to places like the Netherlands. While Spain remained largely Catholic, Protestantism threatened the wider empire.
Why Did The Dutch Triumph Over Their Imperial
The document summarizes the key events in the Dutch Revolt from 1566-1609 and analyzes reasons for the Spanish failure to crush the revolt. It outlines the chronology before examining arguments that Dutch leadership, economic growth, Calvinism, and Spanish failures in leadership, financing, and facing foreign intervention contributed to the Spanish inability to defeat the Dutch rebels and establish control.
Summary Of Dutch Revolt Causes
The document discusses the causes of the Dutch revolt against Philip II of Spain's rule between 1566-1609. It analyzes several long-term and short-term factors, including Philip II's centralization of power, the growth of Calvinism, the repressive policies of the Duke of Alva, and the economic tensions that emerged. While Philip II deserves some blame for instigating tensions through his absolutist rule, the revolt was also a result of the interplay between these political, religious, and economic issues over decades.
Unit 3 – A Highly Unsuccessful King
King Philip II of Spain faced many challenges in ruling his vast empire in the 16th century. While he maintained Catholic unity and controlled the Church, the financial costs of defending the empire and fighting heresy led to government paralysis by the 1590s. Several provinces rebelled due to economic issues and military defeats against France, England, and the Dutch weakened Spanish power. By the end of Philip's reign, the seeds were sown for Spain's later decline, though he did unify the Iberian Peninsula and achieve some cultural and military successes for Spain.
Unit 3 – Spain As A Great Power Revision
The document discusses Philip II's reign as King of Spain from 1556 to 1598. It examines several key themes, including the condition of Spain when Philip inherited the throne, his policies towards the court, provinces, and religion, and problems he faced such as rebellions and economic issues. While Philip united Spain religiously and preserved Spanish power for a time, his reign also sowed the seeds for Spain's later decline through costly wars, government paralysis, and the rebellions of the provinces.
Summary
There were several factors that contributed to a crisis in 16th century England, including a growing population that put pressure on limited food supplies. Agricultural practices were changing as farming became more specialized and enclosed. These changes, along with poor harvests and inflation, led to higher food prices, lower wages, and increased poverty and unrest among common people. The Tudor governments struggled financially and took measures like debasement of coinage and raising loans, exacerbating inflation. While the governments avoided bankruptcy, the economic difficulties of this time period took a toll on many common people.
Summary Financial Issues
Philip II of Spain made serious efforts to raise revenue to fund his empire through taxation and loans, but it led to problems and was ultimately unsustainable. He imposed taxes that heavily burdened the lower classes and sold crown lands for short-term gain. Constant warfare drained the Spanish economy, and Philip's borrowing led to high interest rates and debt that foreign financiers could exploit. Spain faced bankruptcy multiple times, high inflation, declining population, weak agriculture and industry, and over-reliance on trade, laying the roots for its later economic and geopolitical decline.
Summary How Far And Quickly Did England Shift Towards
The document discusses the religious changes that occurred in England under King Edward VI from 1547 to 1553. It analyzes the progression of reforms in four phases: (1) the removal of Catholicism, (2) a period of Protestant activity without official sanction, (3) the establishment of a Protestant form of worship and doctrine, and (4) the completion of reforms that established full Protestantism in England. Key figures like Archbishop Cranmer and the Book of Common Prayer drove the country further towards Calvinism, replacing Catholic rites and establishing Protestant sacraments and services. However, the extent to which the general population became truly Protestant is difficult to measure, as private Catholic worship continued in many cases.
Lesson 14 How Did Mary Try To Restore Catholicism
Mary tried to restore Catholicism in England through persuasion and persecution. She repealed the religious reforms of Edward VI and restored many Catholic practices, lands, and clergy through the Acts of Repeal and other legislation. However, Protestant beliefs still remained in parts of England. Mary faced opposition from Protestants and used censorship, treason laws, and heresy commissions against them, but the burnings of hundreds of Protestants under her reign may have been counterproductive and contributed to her reputation as "Bloody Mary". Ultimately, Mary's failure to produce a Catholic heir meant that upon her death, Elizabeth I was able to return England to Protestantism once more.
Summary How Did Mary Try To Introduce Catholicism Aims And Persecution
Mary I had several main aims as queen:
1) Restore Catholicism in England after it had been replaced by Protestantism under Edward VI.
2) Deal with obstacles to Catholic restoration such as Protestant opposition, landowners who benefited from dissolved monasteries, and her lack of an heir.
3) She took steps like persecuting Protestant opponents, restoring papal authority, and enforcing Catholic doctrine, though this approach faced criticism for being too harsh.
4) By 1558, England had become largely Catholic again through Mary's efforts, though resistance remained and her death soon allowed Protestantism to resurge under Elizabeth I.
Why Was Philip Unable To Resolve His Financial
Philip II of Spain faced immense financial difficulties in ruling his vast empire due to high military expenditures and an inability to resolve fiscal issues. Some key events that drained treasury funds included the Lepanto campaign of 1571, the ongoing Dutch Revolt from 1566-onwards which is estimated to have cost 80 million ducats, and the failed Spanish Armada invasion of England in 1588 which cost 10 million ducats. Despite efforts to raise funds through taxation, borrowing, and exploiting new American silver mines, the Spanish economy struggled to sustain the costs of Philip's vast imperial commitments over the long run.
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How Strong And Propsperous Was Spain In 1556 Summary
How Strong And Propsperous Was Spain In 1556 Summary
Summary How Far And Quickly Did England Shift Towards
Summary How Far And Quickly Did England Shift Towards
Summary How Did Mary Try To Introduce Catholicism Aims And Persecution
Summary How Did Mary Try To Introduce Catholicism Aims And Persecution
1 Spain Historic Background
- 3. Spain today
- 5. Pyrenees Atlantic Mediterranean
- 7. Roman Hispania Muslims Christians