1. American Colonial EmpiresPart 1. Portuguese Empire 1400-1800 Kristina Underwood History 140

2. History of Portugal Derived from PortusCale (Roman) History goes back to Middle Ages- 15th and 16th centuries Gained power during the Age of Discovery, July 25, 1415- beginning of empire Built an empire that included S. America, Africa, Asia, Australia, and other surrounding regions 1.

3. History of Portugal Economy based on spice and slave trade Worked with Spanish empire and their attempt to take over England 1588 Henry the Navigator- carried out explorations Eventually, left with few resources and unstable political power First to start “globalization” 2.

4. The Portuguese Empire First global empire Lasted six centuries longest-lived modern European empire (1415-1999) Part of 49 independent states Discoveries of Africa made by Bartolomeu Dias, Vasco da Gama, Pedro Àlvares Cabral Prince Henry the Navigator financed many explorations Treaty of Ayllón 1411- peace treaty between Portugal and Castile eliminating threats Portugal became huge in slave and gold trade in 1400s Treaty of Tordesillas 1494- signed with Spain that divided undiscovered world 1.

5. The Portuguese Empire Founded a sea route to Asia (Vasco da Gama) Created the first European establishment in India discovery of cinnamon Expanded into Persian Gulf in early 1500s Argument on limits to Treaty of Tordesillas Treaty of Zaragoza 1529- Moluccas goes to Portugal, Philippines go to Spain Dominated trade of Asia, Europe, India, Indonesia, China, and Japan Imperial decline 1663-1822 End of union with Spain from loss of colonies Determination lost after horrific Lisbon earthquake/tsunami in late 18thcentury 2.

6. Colonial Brazil 1500-1815 Under Portuguese rule until included in United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves Economy based on brazilwood, sugar, gold, and diamonds Founded by explorer Pedro Àlvares Cabral April 22, 1500 Brazil’s coastline was defined by Treaty of Madrid 1750- Spain and Portugal rule in Brazil Not much attention was given to Brazil until the French started using the land first colonial villages set up by MartimAfonso de Sousa King John III divided Brazil into 15 sections 1534-1536 Tomé de Sousa established central government 1549, first Governor-General (2nd Governor- Duarte da Costa, 3rd- Mem de Sá) 1.

7. Colonial Brazil 1500-1815 Jesuit Missions- brought over by Tomé de Sousa, a central role in history Sugarcane Cycle- 1530-1700, economic base Gold Cycle- 18th century, economic base Treaty of Madrid 1750- Spain and Portugal agreed on Southwestward expansion Independence from Portugal- September 7, 1822 Prince Pedro (Dom Pedro I) became emperor 2.