The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document discusses various techniques for gaining space in orthodontic treatment, including extraction, expansion, stripping of enamel, and distraction osteogenesis. It focuses on the technique of enamel stripping, providing definitions, indications, methods, and guidelines. Enamel stripping involves reducing the mesiodistal width of teeth to gain arch length. It summarizes the Peck and Peck analysis for determining tooth shape and candidacy for stripping. Key stripping techniques discussed include air rotor stripping and modified air rotor stripping.
RAPID MAXILLARY EXPANSION VS SLOW MAXILLARY EXPANSIONShehnaz Jahangir
This document provides an overview of rapid maxillary expansion (RME) vs slow maxillary expansion (SME). It discusses the historical perspective of maxillary expansion, articulation and ossification of the midpalatal suture, indications and contraindications for expansion, classifications based on activation and support, examples of RME and SME appliances, activation protocols, and the biomechanical aspects and effects of RME on skeletal and dental structures. Key differences between RME and SME include the rate of activation (rapid vs slow) and appliances used (tooth-borne vs tissue-borne).
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document provides information on headgear, including its components, principles of use, types, and applications in orthodontic treatment. Headgear delivers extraoral force from a cranial support to intraoral appliances. It consists of a facebow, force element, and head cap. Forces from headgear can distalize teeth and maxilla through different anchorage points. Types include cervical, occipital, and high pull headgear. Headgear is useful for orthopedic effects, anchorage reinforcement, molar distalization, and space maintenance.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Protraction face mask /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental a...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
This document discusses various techniques for gaining space in orthodontic treatment, including extraction, expansion, stripping of enamel, and distraction osteogenesis. It focuses on the technique of enamel stripping, providing definitions, indications, methods, and guidelines. Enamel stripping involves reducing the mesiodistal width of teeth to gain arch length. It summarizes the Peck and Peck analysis for determining tooth shape and candidacy for stripping. Key stripping techniques discussed include air rotor stripping and modified air rotor stripping.
RAPID MAXILLARY EXPANSION VS SLOW MAXILLARY EXPANSIONShehnaz Jahangir
This document provides an overview of rapid maxillary expansion (RME) vs slow maxillary expansion (SME). It discusses the historical perspective of maxillary expansion, articulation and ossification of the midpalatal suture, indications and contraindications for expansion, classifications based on activation and support, examples of RME and SME appliances, activation protocols, and the biomechanical aspects and effects of RME on skeletal and dental structures. Key differences between RME and SME include the rate of activation (rapid vs slow) and appliances used (tooth-borne vs tissue-borne).
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document provides information on headgear, including its components, principles of use, types, and applications in orthodontic treatment. Headgear delivers extraoral force from a cranial support to intraoral appliances. It consists of a facebow, force element, and head cap. Forces from headgear can distalize teeth and maxilla through different anchorage points. Types include cervical, occipital, and high pull headgear. Headgear is useful for orthopedic effects, anchorage reinforcement, molar distalization, and space maintenance.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Protraction face mask /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental a...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) Index is used to quantitatively assess malocclusion and the results of orthodontic treatment. It scores models based on 7 components: buccal occlusion (A-P, transverse, vertical), centerline discrepancy, overbite, contact points, and overjet. Scores are summed, with higher scores indicating greater malocclusion. The index was developed by the British Orthodontic Standards Working Party to standardize treatment assessments.
Recent advances in orthodontics include improvements to brackets, bonding materials, wires, software, and appliances. Brackets are now made from stronger materials with coatings to reduce friction and promote oral health. New bonding materials bond more effectively in fewer steps. Wires now come in various alloys and shapes to apply lighter continuous forces. Software includes apps for patients and artificial intelligence to assist with treatment planning. These technological advances have improved orthodontic treatment outcomes.
Class iii malocclusion /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian denta...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document discusses several orthodontic appliances including the Nance appliance, transpalatal arch, quad helix, lip bumper, and tongue crib. It provides details on the design, indications, mechanisms of action, advantages and disadvantages of each appliance. The document is intended as an educational guide for orthodontic residents, as it is presented by several orthodontists and covers the key aspects of these common fixed functional appliances.
This document discusses the management of open bite malocclusions. It begins by defining open bite and classifying it as either skeletal or dental in nature. Skeletal open bite is caused by excessive vertical growth of the jaws while dental open bite is due to reduced incisor height. Common etiologies of open bite include thumb sucking habits, tongue thrusting, and abnormal skeletal growth patterns. The document outlines various treatment approaches for different open bite classifications and etiologies.
This document discusses the cranial base angle and its relationship to malocclusion. It begins with an anatomy section describing the cranial base. It then discusses how the cranial base functions to support the brain and provide passageways. Growth of the cranial base is attributed to displacement from brain growth and synchondroses like the spheno-occipital synchondrosis. The cranial base angle is defined and factors like an increased or decreased angle or length are associated with Class II or III skeletal patterns. Larger cranial base angles tend to position jaws in a Class II relationship while smaller angles a Class III relationship.
- The ForsusTM FRD is a flexible fixed functional appliance developed by Bill Vogt in 2001 that can be used with a fixed pre-adjusted Edgewise appliance.
- It consists of spring modules, push rods of varying lengths, split crimps, and a measurement gauge.
- The ForsusTM is recommended for Class II cases where patients did not cooperate with class II elastics, and is planned from the beginning of treatment.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document provides an overview of various methods for classifying malocclusion and summarizes key etiological factors. It describes Angle's classification system, the first and most widely used method based on molar relationships. It also discusses modifications by Dewey, Lischer, and others. Etiological classifications introduced include Moyer's system distinguishing osseous, muscular and dental origins, and Salzmann's prenatal and postnatal factors. The document aims to explain different approaches and highlight the importance of identifying causes to determine appropriate treatment.
The general indications for SARPE are skeletal maturity, transverse maxillary deficiency, excessive display of buccal corridors when smiling, and anterior crowding.
This document provides an outline for a lecture on alignment and leveling in orthodontic treatment. It defines alignment and leveling and discusses the goals of the initial treatment stage. Ideal properties for initial aligning archwires are described. Common wires used for alignment like stainless steel, titanium alloys, coaxial wires and others are explained. The document also covers anchorage control, consequences of mechanotherapy, and approaches to specific cases involving crowding, extractions, crossbites and impacted teeth.
The document provides an overview of the essential components of an orthodontic diagnosis and clinical examination. It lists key diagnostic aids including case history, clinical examination, study models, and certain radiographs. Supplemental diagnostic aids include specialized radiographs and tests. The medical, dental, and social history are important to obtain. The examination evaluates extra oral and intraoral structures as well as oral and craniofacial health, function, and speech. Facial proportions, symmetry, and divergence are analyzed. The anteroposterior jaw relationship and skeletal malocclusions are assessed. Tooth-lip relationships, soft tissue components, and microesthetics are also examined.
This document contains a diagnostic summary and treatment plan for an orthodontic case. It includes an assessment of the patient's skeletal, dental, and soft tissue features as well as the orthodontic problems. The treatment plan proposes comprehensive orthodontic treatment using fixed appliances to align and level the teeth, achieve ideal occlusion, and improve the patient's dental and skeletal relationships. Stability of the results is discussed and will depend on factors like growth, soft tissue correction, overjet control, and use of retainers.
Moyer's analysis is a commonly used mixed dentition analysis technique. It uses the mesiodistal widths of the mandibular incisors to predict the combined widths of the canines and premolars using probability tables. Several studies have evaluated the accuracy of Moyer's analysis for different populations and found it often overestimates tooth sizes. New regression equations have been developed to more accurately predict tooth widths for specific ethnic groups. Alternative mixed dentition analysis methods use radiographs or formulas to estimate unerupted tooth sizes with varying degrees of accuracy depending on the population.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Biomechanical principles of orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Introduction
History
Indications and contraindications
Timing of distalization
Second molar extraction
Mandibular molar distalization
Rickett’s criterion
Classification and various distalization appliances
References
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Enamel reduction techniques in orthodonticsParag Deshmukh
This document discusses interproximal enamel reduction (IPR) in orthodontics. IPR involves reducing the enamel on the proximal surfaces of teeth to gain space for correcting malocclusions. It describes the history and development of IPR techniques from using manual strips to current use of diamond discs. Guidelines recommend a maximum reduction of 0.3mm for incisors and 0.6mm for premolars/molars. IPR provides an alternative to extractions and has advantages of creating precise space while maintaining arch form. Potential disadvantages include increased caries risk and reduced interdental bone if not done properly.
The Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) Index is used to quantitatively assess malocclusion and the results of orthodontic treatment. It scores models based on 7 components: buccal occlusion (A-P, transverse, vertical), centerline discrepancy, overbite, contact points, and overjet. Scores are summed, with higher scores indicating greater malocclusion. The index was developed by the British Orthodontic Standards Working Party to standardize treatment assessments.
Recent advances in orthodontics include improvements to brackets, bonding materials, wires, software, and appliances. Brackets are now made from stronger materials with coatings to reduce friction and promote oral health. New bonding materials bond more effectively in fewer steps. Wires now come in various alloys and shapes to apply lighter continuous forces. Software includes apps for patients and artificial intelligence to assist with treatment planning. These technological advances have improved orthodontic treatment outcomes.
Class iii malocclusion /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian denta...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document discusses several orthodontic appliances including the Nance appliance, transpalatal arch, quad helix, lip bumper, and tongue crib. It provides details on the design, indications, mechanisms of action, advantages and disadvantages of each appliance. The document is intended as an educational guide for orthodontic residents, as it is presented by several orthodontists and covers the key aspects of these common fixed functional appliances.
This document discusses the management of open bite malocclusions. It begins by defining open bite and classifying it as either skeletal or dental in nature. Skeletal open bite is caused by excessive vertical growth of the jaws while dental open bite is due to reduced incisor height. Common etiologies of open bite include thumb sucking habits, tongue thrusting, and abnormal skeletal growth patterns. The document outlines various treatment approaches for different open bite classifications and etiologies.
This document discusses the cranial base angle and its relationship to malocclusion. It begins with an anatomy section describing the cranial base. It then discusses how the cranial base functions to support the brain and provide passageways. Growth of the cranial base is attributed to displacement from brain growth and synchondroses like the spheno-occipital synchondrosis. The cranial base angle is defined and factors like an increased or decreased angle or length are associated with Class II or III skeletal patterns. Larger cranial base angles tend to position jaws in a Class II relationship while smaller angles a Class III relationship.
- The ForsusTM FRD is a flexible fixed functional appliance developed by Bill Vogt in 2001 that can be used with a fixed pre-adjusted Edgewise appliance.
- It consists of spring modules, push rods of varying lengths, split crimps, and a measurement gauge.
- The ForsusTM is recommended for Class II cases where patients did not cooperate with class II elastics, and is planned from the beginning of treatment.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document provides an overview of various methods for classifying malocclusion and summarizes key etiological factors. It describes Angle's classification system, the first and most widely used method based on molar relationships. It also discusses modifications by Dewey, Lischer, and others. Etiological classifications introduced include Moyer's system distinguishing osseous, muscular and dental origins, and Salzmann's prenatal and postnatal factors. The document aims to explain different approaches and highlight the importance of identifying causes to determine appropriate treatment.
The general indications for SARPE are skeletal maturity, transverse maxillary deficiency, excessive display of buccal corridors when smiling, and anterior crowding.
This document provides an outline for a lecture on alignment and leveling in orthodontic treatment. It defines alignment and leveling and discusses the goals of the initial treatment stage. Ideal properties for initial aligning archwires are described. Common wires used for alignment like stainless steel, titanium alloys, coaxial wires and others are explained. The document also covers anchorage control, consequences of mechanotherapy, and approaches to specific cases involving crowding, extractions, crossbites and impacted teeth.
The document provides an overview of the essential components of an orthodontic diagnosis and clinical examination. It lists key diagnostic aids including case history, clinical examination, study models, and certain radiographs. Supplemental diagnostic aids include specialized radiographs and tests. The medical, dental, and social history are important to obtain. The examination evaluates extra oral and intraoral structures as well as oral and craniofacial health, function, and speech. Facial proportions, symmetry, and divergence are analyzed. The anteroposterior jaw relationship and skeletal malocclusions are assessed. Tooth-lip relationships, soft tissue components, and microesthetics are also examined.
This document contains a diagnostic summary and treatment plan for an orthodontic case. It includes an assessment of the patient's skeletal, dental, and soft tissue features as well as the orthodontic problems. The treatment plan proposes comprehensive orthodontic treatment using fixed appliances to align and level the teeth, achieve ideal occlusion, and improve the patient's dental and skeletal relationships. Stability of the results is discussed and will depend on factors like growth, soft tissue correction, overjet control, and use of retainers.
Moyer's analysis is a commonly used mixed dentition analysis technique. It uses the mesiodistal widths of the mandibular incisors to predict the combined widths of the canines and premolars using probability tables. Several studies have evaluated the accuracy of Moyer's analysis for different populations and found it often overestimates tooth sizes. New regression equations have been developed to more accurately predict tooth widths for specific ethnic groups. Alternative mixed dentition analysis methods use radiographs or formulas to estimate unerupted tooth sizes with varying degrees of accuracy depending on the population.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Biomechanical principles of orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Introduction
History
Indications and contraindications
Timing of distalization
Second molar extraction
Mandibular molar distalization
Rickett’s criterion
Classification and various distalization appliances
References
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Enamel reduction techniques in orthodonticsParag Deshmukh
This document discusses interproximal enamel reduction (IPR) in orthodontics. IPR involves reducing the enamel on the proximal surfaces of teeth to gain space for correcting malocclusions. It describes the history and development of IPR techniques from using manual strips to current use of diamond discs. Guidelines recommend a maximum reduction of 0.3mm for incisors and 0.6mm for premolars/molars. IPR provides an alternative to extractions and has advantages of creating precise space while maintaining arch form. Potential disadvantages include increased caries risk and reduced interdental bone if not done properly.
This document summarizes several studies on the early treatment of Class III malocclusions. It discusses how a modified maxillary molar distalizing appliance can be used to regain leeway space and correct anterior crossbites. Facemask therapy in combination with rapid palatal expansion is more effective for skeletal Class III cases when started early. Stability of correction tends to be higher when treatment addresses both dental and skeletal discrepancies. Early intervention generally leads to better long-term outcomes compared to late treatment.
This document discusses various methods for gaining space in orthodontic treatment, including non-extraction, extraction, and surgical methods. Non-extraction methods include proximal stripping, arch expansion using removable or fixed expanders, molar distalization using headgear or intraoral appliances, uprighting tilted teeth, derotation of posterior teeth, and proclination of anterior teeth. Extraction methods include balancing, compensating, phased, enforced, Wilkinson, and therapeutic extractions. Surgical methods include orthognathic surgery and distraction osteogenesis. The document provides details on techniques such as proximal stripping, rapid maxillary expansion, and molar distalization. It discusses the indications, contraindications, advantages, and disadvantages of different
Methods of gaining space 1. /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian de...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
This document discusses various methods for gaining space in orthodontic treatment, including proximal stripping, arch expansion, extraction, distalization of molars, uprighting tilted molars, derotation of posterior teeth, and proclination/flaring of anterior teeth. It provides details on techniques such as rapid maxillary expansion using devices like Hyrax or bonded expanders, extraction of first premolars, and distalization of molars using appliances like pendulum or Jones Jig. The document also covers indications, advantages, and disadvantages of different space gaining methods.
The document discusses various orthodontic techniques used to gain space for tooth movement, including proximal stripping, expansion, extraction, distalization, molar uprighting, posterior tooth derotation, and anterior tooth proclination. It provides details on when and how to use each technique, their advantages and disadvantages, and diagnostic aids. The goal of these space gaining techniques is to correct malocclusions by moving teeth into more ideal positions.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Methods of gaining space. /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian den...Indian dental academy
This document discusses various methods for gaining space in orthodontic treatment, including non-extraction and extraction methods. Non-extraction methods discussed include expansion using appliances like Coffin springs, screws, and quad helix/W-arch wires. Interproximal reduction and molar distalization are also covered. Guidelines for when non-extraction treatment is appropriate are provided. Details on types of expansion appliances, their mechanics, and clinical tips are summarized.
The document discusses various methods for gaining space in orthodontic treatment, including proximal stripping, expansion, extraction, distalization, uprighting molars, and derotation of posterior teeth. It provides details on specific appliances and techniques used for different methods, such as slow expansion devices like Coffin springs and quad helix appliances for expansion, and headgear, pendulum appliances, and Jones jigs for molar distalization. It also covers indications and contraindications for these various space gaining strategies.
Space regaining involves moving a displaced permanent tooth into its proper position after premature loss of a deciduous tooth. Methods include fixed appliances like open coil springs and removable appliances like Hawley's retainers. Removable appliances are activated gradually over weeks to exert light distal force on molars and regain up to 2mm of space. Fixed appliances can regain space faster but require proper cementation. Space regaining is best done between ages 7-10 years when tooth roots are still developing.
This document discusses the Kesling diagnostic setup, which is a supplemental diagnostic aid involving trimming and repositioning teeth on study casts to simulate various planned tooth movements. It requires well-trimmed study casts, fret saws, modelling wax, and other tools. The procedure involves making horizontal and vertical cuts in the mandibular cast to separate individual teeth, which are then repositioned and held in place with wax. This setup allows visualization of tooth alignment under treatment plans and can help determine anchorage needs, aid in patient motivation, and identify borderline extraction cases.
This document provides information about molar distalization, including:
- Molar distalization involves moving molars backwards to correct malocclusions.
- Various appliances can be used for molar distalization, including headgear, K-loops, and pendulum appliances.
- Treatment planning for molar distalization generally involves two phases - a space gaining phase followed by a consolidation phase to achieve ideal occlusion.
Biomechanics of molar distalization appliance /certified fixed orthodontic c...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
This seminar report discusses different types of extractions performed in orthodontics. Extractions are needed to correct arch length discrepancies, sagittal interarch relationships, and relieve crowding. Different extraction procedures include balancing, compensating, phased, enforced, Wilkinson, and serial extractions. The choice of which teeth to extract depends on factors like jaw growth direction, arch and basal bone size, tooth condition and position, facial profile, and patient age. Common teeth extracted are premolars to relieve crowding in the middle of dental arches. Extractions are an important part of orthodontic treatment to achieve the goal of a perfect smile.
The document provides information on Twin Block appliances. It begins with describing the history, design, and mechanism of Twin Block appliances. Twin Blocks consist of separate upper and lower bite blocks with inclined planes. They were developed in 1977 to treat a class II malocclusion. The inclined planes guide the mandible forward into a class I occlusion. The document further describes the skeletal and dental changes caused by Twin Block therapy, as well as the standard construction and stages of treatment. It covers indications, contraindications and modifications of Twin Block appliances.
This document provides information about Class III malocclusion, including:
1. Angle's classification system for malocclusion and the definition of Class III as a mesial relationship between the maxilla and mandible.
2. Common causes of Class III malocclusion including heredity, environmental influences, and skeletal, muscular, or dental factors.
3. Clinical features both extraorally and intraorally and methods for diagnosis including photographs, study models, radiographs, and cephalometric analysis.
4. Treatment options depending on the severity of the skeletal discrepancy and the patient's growth status, including myofunctional appliances, orthopedic face masks, and orthognathic surgery
The document outlines the steps for tooth preparation for a restoration, including checking the reduction with a matrix, cutting grooves 1mm deep in three planes, reducing the incisal edge by 2-3mm, cutting interproximally to produce a 1mm chamfer and prepare the axial walls at 10 degree inclination and 20 degree convergence, checking even labial reduction of 1.0-1.2mm including a labial chamfer, preparing palatally with 1mm depth grooves, placing retraction cords, taking impressions, and removing the impression.
The document provides instructions for tooth preparation for a dental crown from Dr. Paul A. Tipton. It details cutting vertically through the center of the tooth, reducing the tooth by 0.5-1mm depending on the crown material, placing 0.5mm grooves in three planes, removing 2mm from the incisal edge, smoothing the incisal edge, checking the reduction with putty, reducing surfaces evenly by 0.5mm, preparing gingival margins slightly supragingival, cutting interproximally with a fine bur, producing 0.5mm chamfers mesially and distally with 20-30 degree convergence and 10-15 degree axial inclination, placing depth grooves palatally, reducing the pal
This document summarizes guidelines for managing different types of space issues in children's dentition. It addresses transient crowding in the mixed dentition, localized space loss after tooth loss, and more severe crowding. Options discussed include space maintenance with removable appliances, gaining space through tooth tipping or expansion, and more complex treatment involving tooth movement or extractions. Ectopic eruption is also covered, outlining treatment approaches based on the degree of resorption and space availability.
Molar uprighting /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Space regainers /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
This document summarizes information presented at a seminar on molar uprighting. It discusses factors that can influence uprighting a molar tipped into an extraction site, including extraction timing, periodontal condition, vertical dimension, number of missing teeth, position of the third molar, and condition of the alveolar ridge. It also reviews appliances that can be used for molar uprighting, including principles of anchorage and attachments, and techniques for uprighting a single molar with or without extrusion. The document provides details on final positioning of the molar and premolars after uprighting is completed.
This document discusses various causes and treatments for spacing and crowding issues in dentition. It addresses lack of space causing abnormal tooth eruption positions and interferences preventing proper eruption. Space closure techniques include molar protraction, incisor retraction, and conservative closure. Maxillary dental protrusion and spacing can be addressed through removing habits, comprehensive treatment, or tipping incisors lingually. Missing teeth require different approaches depending on location. Midline diastemas may be closed with removable appliances or require comprehensive treatment. The document also outlines space maintenance and regaining techniques. Methods to create space include derotation, uprightening, distal molar movement, expansion, proclination of incisors, enamel
Incisor extraction /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ac...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document discusses crowding in mixed dentition and various treatment options. It begins by explaining that crowding is a primary reason parents bring children to the dentist. For mild crowding under 4mm, a lower lingual arch or palatal holding arch can be used to prevent need for future orthodontics. Patients predicted to have over 5mm of crowding should be referred to an orthodontist. Space loss can be addressed through observation, disking primary teeth, extractions, or corrective orthodontics. The document discusses various space maintainers and appliances that can be used for different clinical scenarios to address crowding and space management in mixed dentition.
Space gaining in fixed orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by I...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Planning orthodontic treatment in the mixed dentition requires special considerations. Limited early treatment often requires a second phase, and anchorage control and retention are more difficult. Space management aims to prevent molar mesial drift and use leeway space, while molar correction may require headgear or distalization appliances. Severe localized space loss over 3mm or generalized deficiency over 4mm require complex appliances or extractions. Excess space like diastemas over 2mm are unlikely to close spontaneously. Eruption problems involving supernumeraries or delayed teeth may require exposure and traction to align properly.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Mixed dentition ortho treatment /certified fixed orthodontic courses by India...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
1. Space maintainers are appliances used to maintain space created by premature tooth loss. They prevent crowding, impaction, and other issues by holding space open.
2. Common space maintainers include band and loop, crown and loop, lingual arch, Nance palatal arch, and removable appliances. The best option depends on factors like time since tooth loss and dental age.
3. Space maintainers are generally indicated when space is closing, future orthodontics may be simplified, or to prevent issues like supraeruption. They are contraindicated if space isn't closing or the succedaneous tooth is absent.
The document discusses the dental dam, including:
- What a dental dam is and its uses in isolating teeth during dental procedures.
- Advantages of using dental dams such as improved visibility, accessibility, control of moisture, and patient protection.
- Materials used for dental dams including the dam sheet itself (available in different sizes, weights, colors), napkins, floss, tape, clamps, frames, and punches.
- The process for preparing and placing a dental dam which involves dividing, punching, and positioning the dam sheet based on the patient's tooth arrangement and the area being isolated.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
This document discusses the early management of crowded lower incisors. It begins by outlining mixed dentition analysis, which is used to determine the amount of crowding by comparing space available versus space required. For slight crowding up to 4mm, disking of primary teeth is recommended as a conservative treatment. This involves stripping enamel from the primary canine to allow space for the permanent incisors to erupt. Moderate crowding from 4-7mm may require other interventions like removing primary teeth. Severe crowding over 7mm often necessitates orthodontic treatment.
Intrproximal reduction as part of orthodontic treatmentMaher Fouda
The document discusses interproximal enamel reduction (IER), a procedure used in orthodontic treatment to relieve dental crowding. IER involves reducing enamel on the interproximal surfaces of teeth to gain space. It is an alternative to tooth extraction and expansion. The document describes different IER techniques including air-rotor stripping, diamond-coated disks, and abrasive metal strips. It provides guidelines on how much enamel to reduce, contraindications for IER, and how to protect tissues during the procedure. IER is useful for gaining 4-8mm of space but requires good oral hygiene and has the risk of increased caries if not performed carefully.
This document discusses various types of space maintainers used to prevent premature loss of space after primary teeth are lost. It describes fixed unilateral appliances like band and loop and crown and loop space maintainers. Bilateral fixed appliances discussed include Nance palatal holding arch and lower lingual arch. Removable appliances like Hawley retainers are also mentioned. Indications, advantages, and disadvantages of different space maintainers are provided. The steps of construction including fitting bands and fabricating the appliance are outlined.
Diagnosis and treatment planning in implants 2. /certified fixed orthodontic ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Opportunity for Dentists (BDS/MDS )to relocate to United kingdom -Register as a DENTAL HYGIENIST/ DENTAL THERAPIST without Board exams and after approval you can register in GDC as a DH/DT and start working as a DH/DT Immediately and get paid.
You can complete the whole process in 3-4 months.Salary range for DH/DT is around 2500-3500 Pounds per month.
Eligibility / requirements-
1. An International English Language Testing System (IELTS) certificate
at the appropriate level.(Within 2 yrs of application date )
2: A recent primary dental qualification that has been taught and examined in English..(Within 2 yrs of application date )
3: A recent pass in a language test for registration with a regulatory authority in a country where the first language is English.
If you are interested Please contact us for more details.
1ST, 2ND AND 3RD ORDER BENDS IN STANDARD EDGEWISE APPLIANCE SYSTEM /Fixed ort...Indian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals
who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry,
Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
I –Aligners are made with FDA approved transparent thermoplastic materials using 3D scanning, 3D Printing and finally Trays with Pressure vacuum formers.
Dear Doctor,
Indian Dental Academy Now offers comprehensive online Orthodontics course.
Course includes:
1.whiteboard lecture presentations
2.Case Discussions
3.with hundreds of pictures.
4.Demo on Models
5.Demo on Patients
6. subtitles in your own language
12 months unlimited access and support @350 USD only.
For Demo please visit :www.idalectures.com/preview/
For more details visit: www.idalectures.com
Please contact us for any clarifications:
idalectures@gmail.com
indiandentalacademy@gmail.com
Thanks & Regards
Indian Dental Academy
--
Indian Dental Academy
Leader in continuing dental education
www.indiandentalacademy.com
skype:indiandentalacademy
+919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Cytotoxicity of silicone materials used in maxillofacial prosthesis / dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Diagnosis and treatment planning in completely endntulous arches/dental coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Properties of Denture base materials /rotary endodontic coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Use of modified tooth forms in complete denture occlusion / dental implant...Indian dental academy
This document discusses dental occlusion concepts and philosophies for complete dentures. It introduces key terms like physiologic occlusion and defines different occlusion schemes like balanced articulation and monoplane articulation. The document discusses advantages and disadvantages of using anatomic versus non-anatomic teeth for complete dentures. It also outlines requirements for maintaining denture stability, such as balanced occlusal contacts and control of horizontal forces. The goal of occlusion for complete dentures is to re-establish the homeostasis of the masticatory system disrupted by edentulism.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document discusses dental casting investment materials. It describes the three main types of investments - gypsum bonded, phosphate bonded, and ethyl silicate bonded investments. For gypsum bonded investments specifically, it details their classification, composition including the roles of gypsum, silica, and modifiers, setting time, normal and hygroscopic setting expansion, and thermal expansion. It provides information on how the properties of gypsum bonded investments are affected by their composition. The document serves as a comprehensive overview of dental casting investment materials.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
How to Download & Install Module From the Odoo App Store in Odoo 17Celine George
Custom modules offer the flexibility to extend Odoo's capabilities, address unique requirements, and optimize workflows to align seamlessly with your organization's processes. By leveraging custom modules, businesses can unlock greater efficiency, productivity, and innovation, empowering them to stay competitive in today's dynamic market landscape. In this tutorial, we'll guide you step by step on how to easily download and install modules from the Odoo App Store.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
THE SACRIFICE HOW PRO-PALESTINE PROTESTS STUDENTS ARE SACRIFICING TO CHANGE T...indexPub
The recent surge in pro-Palestine student activism has prompted significant responses from universities, ranging from negotiations and divestment commitments to increased transparency about investments in companies supporting the war on Gaza. This activism has led to the cessation of student encampments but also highlighted the substantial sacrifices made by students, including academic disruptions and personal risks. The primary drivers of these protests are poor university administration, lack of transparency, and inadequate communication between officials and students. This study examines the profound emotional, psychological, and professional impacts on students engaged in pro-Palestine protests, focusing on Generation Z's (Gen-Z) activism dynamics. This paper explores the significant sacrifices made by these students and even the professors supporting the pro-Palestine movement, with a focus on recent global movements. Through an in-depth analysis of printed and electronic media, the study examines the impacts of these sacrifices on the academic and personal lives of those involved. The paper highlights examples from various universities, demonstrating student activism's long-term and short-term effects, including disciplinary actions, social backlash, and career implications. The researchers also explore the broader implications of student sacrifices. The findings reveal that these sacrifices are driven by a profound commitment to justice and human rights, and are influenced by the increasing availability of information, peer interactions, and personal convictions. The study also discusses the broader implications of this activism, comparing it to historical precedents and assessing its potential to influence policy and public opinion. The emotional and psychological toll on student activists is significant, but their sense of purpose and community support mitigates some of these challenges. However, the researchers call for acknowledging the broader Impact of these sacrifices on the future global movement of FreePalestine.
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.pptHenry Hollis
The History of NZ 1870-1900.
Making of a Nation.
From the NZ Wars to Liberals,
Richard Seddon, George Grey,
Social Laboratory, New Zealand,
Confiscations, Kotahitanga, Kingitanga, Parliament, Suffrage, Repudiation, Economic Change, Agriculture, Gold Mining, Timber, Flax, Sheep, Dairying,
5. Mandibular Space Regaining
If space has been lost on one side of the
mandibular arch the appliance of choice is
removable lingual arch incorporating a loop that
can be opened to provide the necessary distal force.
An alternative fixed appliance for mandibular
space regaining is a lip bumper, which is a labial
appliance fitted to the molar teeth. The idea is that
the appliance against the pressures of the lip which
creates a distal force to tip the molars posteriorly.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
6. Molar Distalization
Criteria for molar distalization:
Class II or end to end molar relationship
Maxillary dental protrusion
Mild to moderate crowding
Midline discrepancies
End on or full Class II molar relationship due
to impacted cuspid
www.indiandentalacademy.com
13. EXPANSION AS A MEANS OF SPACE GAINING
Arch expansion : defined as the enlargement of
the dental arches by the lateral movement of buccal
segments. It is one of the non-invasive methods of
space gaining. It is usually undertaken in a patient
having constricted maxillary arches or in a patient
with unilateral cross bite. It can be skeletal or dental.
Skeletal expansion involves splitting of the mid
palatal suture while dentoalveolar a dental expansion
with no skeletal change.
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15. Expansion can be broadly classified into 2 types:
1. Rapid expansion
2. Slow expansion.
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16. RAPID MAXILLARY EXPANSION
RME was first described by Emerson C Angell
in 1860 by using screw appliance. Maxillary expansion
had long be reported in the medical literature as a
modality to manage ENT of impaired nasal airflow,
DNS, etc. but its used in orthodontic fraternity was
marked by the reports published by Hass (1961 – 65).
The prime objective for an orthodontist of palatal
expansion is to co ordinate the maxillary and
mandibular denture base
www.indiandentalacademy.com
17. Indication of RME
Marked maxillary arch narrowing
Unilateral and bilateral cross bite
Prognathism, reduced anterior development of maxillary
Denture base
Steep palate with septum deviation and mouth breathing
Cleft lip and palate
Posterior crossbitewww.indiandentalacademy.com
18. Contra - Indication of RME
Patient who cannot co – operate
Patient with single tooth cross bite
Patient with anterior open bite, steep mandibular
planes and convex profile
Skeletal asymmetry of the maxilla and the mandible
and adults with severe anterior, posterior and
vertical discrepancies
Without the completion of fusion o mid palatine
suture www.indiandentalacademy.com
19. Age and the prognosis with RME
7 – 15 yrs GOOD
15 – 20 yrs GOOD, although the patient is recalled
daily or every other day to check opening
of the suture
20 – 30 yrs Possible but frequent recall is
necessary,
danger that suture does not open and
overloading the posterior segment,
ulceration of the mucosa.www.indiandentalacademy.com
20. Types of Rapid Maxillary Expansion
1. Removable
A removable type of RME device consist of
split acrylic plate with a midline screw. The appliance is
retained with clasps on the posterior teeth
2. Fixed
a. Tooth borne b. Tooth and tissue borne
Issacson type Derichsweiler type
Hyrax type Hass type
Bidernan type www.indiandentalacademy.com
22. Indication for Slow Expansion
• Full cusp cross bite with skeletal component
• Some degree of dental as well as skeletal
constriction
• No pre existing dental expansion
• No open bite tendency
www.indiandentalacademy.com
23. Types of Slow Expansion devices
JACK SCREW
COFFIN SPRING
QUAD HELIX
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28. Comparison of RME and SME
RME S M E
Fixed appliance Removable appliance
Orthopedic movement Orthodontic movement
Widening of about 10mm in Widening of per week
4 weeks time about 0.5 – 1.0mm per week
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29. Arch expansion using fixed appliances
In patient undergoing fixed mechanotherapy
mild arch expansion is possible by expanding the arch
wire. In addition appliances such Quad helix and Coffin
spring may be used.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
30. Uprighting of Molars as a space gaining method
Derotation of posterior teeth as a space gaining
procedure
Proclination of anterior teeth
In some cases the anterior teeth might be
retroclined. By proclination of such type of teeth we
can gain some space but it should not affect
patient’s soft tissue profile.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
32. Indication of proximal stripping:
• It is generally carried out when the space
required is minimal i.e. 0 – 2.5mm.
• If the Bolton analysis shows very minimal
excessive tooth material
Contraindication:
• It is not carried out in a young patient because of
large pulp chamber which increases the risk of pulpal
exposure
Patients who are very susceptible to caries www.indiandentalacademy.com
33. Advantage of proximal stripping:
• In borderline cases when the space required is
minimal to avoid the extraction
• A more favorable overbite and overjet can be
established by eliminating tooth material excess in either
of the arch.
Disadvantage:
• High risk of plaque accumulation due to roughened
enamel surface
• Caries susceptibility increased due to the roughened
surface
• Patient might feel sensitivity
• Tooth morphology might be altered
www.indiandentalacademy.com
36. Extraction of upper incisors
Extraction of upper incisors are rarely carried out
in orthodontic therapy but in some cases upper
incisors may have to be sacrificed.
Conditions where upper incisors is extracted
Impacted – prognosis is not good cant be brought
to normal alignment.
Grossly Carious - which is not restorable.
Trauma – cannot be repaired
www.indiandentalacademy.com
38. Extraction of Lower Incisor
It should be avoided as far as possible which may
lead to
collapse of the lower arch by reducing inter
canine width
remaining anterior teeth tend to imbricate
deep bite
Retroclination of lower incisors
www.indiandentalacademy.com
40. CONTRA – INDICATIONS
Deep bite cases with horizontal growth pattern
All cases which require upper first pre molar extraction
while canines are in Class I relationship
Bimaxillary crowding cases with no tooth size
discrepancy in incisor area
Cases having anterior discrepancy due to either a small
lower incisor or large maxillary incisor
www.indiandentalacademy.com
41. Extraction of Canine
Canine plays an important role in facial esthetics, so
extraction of canine is rarely indicated.
Conditions where canine may be extracted :
if the canine is placed completely out of the arch and
good contact is present between laterals and premolars
canines are highly susceptible to ectopic eruption or
impaction. If they are placed in unfavorable position they
maybe extracted.
ankylosis or internal or external root resorption or
dilaceration
www.indiandentalacademy.com
42. Extraction of Premolars
Premolars are the most commonly extracted teeth in the orthodontic
therapy.
ANCHORAGE – when maximum anchorage is needed then first
premolar can be extracted. When minimum anchorage is needed
then second bicuspid may be extracted.
GROSSLY CARIOUS – a heavily restored or endontically treated
premolar should be chosen for extraction.
MALPOSITION – malposed bicuspid should be chosen for
extraction.
IMPACTION – impacted premolar whose prognosis is not good
should be chosen for extraction.
ARCH LENGTH AND TOOTH MATERIAL DISCREPANCY
– if the discrepancy is minimal the second premolar should be
extracted if the discrepancy is maximum first premolar should be
extracted.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
43. Extraction of First Molars
The 1st permanent molar has been esteemed as
untouchable from the very beginning of the history of
orthodontics. It is considered as the consistence of the
dentition always at its right position in the arch. It is said
that it should never be removed.
Extraction of 1st molar avoided because:
it does not give adequate space in the incisor region
deepening of bite
poor contact relation between 2nd premolar and 2nd
molar
2nd premolar and 2nd molar may tip into extraction
space
mastication is affected
www.indiandentalacademy.com
44. INDICATIONS
minimum space requirement for correction of
anterior crowding or mild proclination
decayed or periodontally compromised having a
poor long term prognosis
impaction or abnormal developmental position
high maxillary or mandibular plane angle
anterior open bite
www.indiandentalacademy.com
45. Wilkinson’s extraction
Wilkinson advocated extraction of all 1st permanent molars in
between the age of 8 ½ - 9 ½ years. The basis of such extraction is
the fact that the first molar are highly susceptible to caries. The
other benefits of extracting 1st molar at an early age are :
the extraction provides additional space for eruption of 3rd molars.
Thus impaction of 3rd molars can be avoided
in general, crowding of the arch is minimized, thus the other teeth
are at a low risk of caries
DRAWBACKS:
The extraction of first molar offer limited space to relieve
crowding
The 2nd bicuspid and 2nd molar rotate and may tip into the
extraction space
The removal of the 1st molar deprives the orthodontist of
adequate anchorage for any orthodontic appliancewww.indiandentalacademy.com
46. Extraction of Lower Second Molars
Lower second molar is often not removed for the
relieve of crowding. Its position at the end of
dental arch means that it is usually removed from
the site of crowding and is not itself actually not
malpositioned through crowding but extraction
maybe indicated in the following cases:
to relieve the impaction of 2nd premolar
to relieve the impaction of mandibular 3rd molar
severely carious ectopically erupted or severely
rotated www.indiandentalacademy.com
47. Extraction of Maxillary Second Molars
Indications:
in mildly crowded cases where less than 3- 4mm
space is required for the labial segment
to make the space for crowded 2nd premolar by
retraction of 1st molar
when permanent 2nd molar are impacted against
the permanent first molar
www.indiandentalacademy.com
48. Contra indication of extraction maxillary
second molars
Maxillary third molars are too high in tuberosity
or show delayed eruption
Undersized crown or root
Absence of third molar buds
www.indiandentalacademy.com
49. Third Molars
Extraction of third molars during orthodontic
treatment doesn’t yield space that can be used for
decrowding or reduction of proclination. Although
there are some conditions where third molars can
be extracted,
grossly impacted third molars that are unable to
erupt into the ideal position
dilacerated roots
The erupting mandibular third molars have been implicated to the cause
of late lower anterior crowding.www.indiandentalacademy.com
50. SERIAL EXTRACTION
It is an interceptive orthodontic procedure usually carried
out in the early mixed dentition period. Its purpose is to
reconcile a persisting discrepancy between the amount of
tooth material present and the available jaw space.
It involves the extraction of deciduous and permanent teeth
to increase the available space thereby permitting
remaining permanent teeth to assume a more normal
position and occlusal relationship.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
51. Indications for serial extractions:
In Class I malocclusion showing harmony between
skeletal and muscular system
Arch length deficiency as compared to the tooth
material is the most important indication of serial
extraction. Arch length deficiency is indicated by
presence of any one of the following
www.indiandentalacademy.com
52. Contraindication of serial extraction
Spaced dentition
Anodontia / oligodontia
Class II or Class III with skeletal abnormalities
Midline diastema
Class I malocclusion with minimal space
deficiency
Open bite - should be treated before undertaking
serial extraction
www.indiandentalacademy.com
53. • Absence of physiologic space
• Midline shift of mandibular incisor due to
displaced lateral incisor
• Abnormal or asymmetric primary canine
root resorption
• Lingual eruption of lateral incisors
• Mesial migration of molars
• Flaring of lower anteriors
www.indiandentalacademy.com
54. Procedure for Serial extraction
DEWEL’S METHOD
Dewel’s method has proposed a 3 step procedure
Step I: the deciduous canine are extracted to create
space for alignment of incisor at the age of 8 years
Step 2: a year after first step the deciduous first molar
are extracted so that the eruption of first pre molar is
accelerated
Step 3: the erupting first pre molar are extracted to
permit canine to erupt in their place
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55. TWEED’S METHOD
This method involves the extraction of
deciduous first molar around eight years of age
followed by extraction of first pre molar and
deciduous canine.
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56. NANCE’ S METHOD
This is similar to Tweed's technique and
involves the extraction of deciduous first molars
followed by the extraction of the first pre molar and
deciduous canine.
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