One of the objectives in complete denture prosthetics is to produce a harmonious appearance of the denture when in the patient’s mouth.
A denture usually perceived as esthetics when the teeth and bases are in harmony with the facial musculature as well as the size & shape of the head.
The selection of artificial teeth & their arrangement to meet esthetic requirements demand artistic skill in addition to scientific knowledge.
One of the objectives in complete denture prosthetics is to produce a harmonious appearance of the denture when in the patient’s mouth.
A denture usually perceived as esthetics when the teeth and bases are in harmony with the facial musculature as well as the size & shape of the head.
The selection of artificial teeth & their arrangement to meet esthetic requirements demand artistic skill in addition to scientific knowledge.
Mouth Preparation for Complete Dentures by Dr. Hedayatullah EhsanHedayatullah Ehsan
This presentation is the new version of last presentation which I uploaded. With new information.
Department of Prosthodondics, School of Dentistry, Kabul University of Medical Science
13- Relining, rebasing and repair of removable dentures.pptxAmalKaddah1
COMPLETE DENTURE CONSTRUCTION
1- Diagnosis and Treatment Planning for Removable Prosthodontics
2- Preliminary Maxillary and mandibular impression procedures
3- Final Maxillary and mandibular impression procedures
4- Jaw Relation Registration
a. Introduction and the stomatognathic system
What 'occlusion' is and why it is important
b. Definitions.
c. Check denture foundation and Establishment of facial contour.
d. Establishment of the occlusal plane.
e. Importance of mounting the maxillary cast using Maxillary face-bow record and transfer.
f. Determination of vertical dimension of centric occluding relation.
g. Determination of centric and eccentric relations at the accepted vertical dimension.
5- Selection of Artificial Teeth
6- Prosthetic Problems and possible solutions in Setting –up of teeth for skeletal Class I, II and Class III arch relationship of completely edentulous patients.
7- Try-in of the wax trial complete denture.
8- Complete denture insertion (Delivery)
9- Occlusal corrections.
10- Managements of Post Insertion Problems and Complaints.
11- Single denture and Kelly's Syndrome
12- Denture Processing and Laboratory Errors.
13- Relining, rebasing and repair of removable dentures
Mouth Preparation for Complete Dentures by Dr. Hedayatullah EhsanHedayatullah Ehsan
This presentation is the new version of last presentation which I uploaded. With new information.
Department of Prosthodondics, School of Dentistry, Kabul University of Medical Science
13- Relining, rebasing and repair of removable dentures.pptxAmalKaddah1
COMPLETE DENTURE CONSTRUCTION
1- Diagnosis and Treatment Planning for Removable Prosthodontics
2- Preliminary Maxillary and mandibular impression procedures
3- Final Maxillary and mandibular impression procedures
4- Jaw Relation Registration
a. Introduction and the stomatognathic system
What 'occlusion' is and why it is important
b. Definitions.
c. Check denture foundation and Establishment of facial contour.
d. Establishment of the occlusal plane.
e. Importance of mounting the maxillary cast using Maxillary face-bow record and transfer.
f. Determination of vertical dimension of centric occluding relation.
g. Determination of centric and eccentric relations at the accepted vertical dimension.
5- Selection of Artificial Teeth
6- Prosthetic Problems and possible solutions in Setting –up of teeth for skeletal Class I, II and Class III arch relationship of completely edentulous patients.
7- Try-in of the wax trial complete denture.
8- Complete denture insertion (Delivery)
9- Occlusal corrections.
10- Managements of Post Insertion Problems and Complaints.
11- Single denture and Kelly's Syndrome
12- Denture Processing and Laboratory Errors.
13- Relining, rebasing and repair of removable dentures
Molar uprighting /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Retention & relapse in orthodonticsChetan Basnet
Retention:
Maintaining newly moved teeth in a position long enough to aid in stabilizing correction.
-Moyer
Relapse:
It has been defined as the loss of any correction achieved by orthodontic treatment.
-Moyer
it explain need for extraction, choice of teeth for extraction, Wilkinson extraction, extraction of permanent teeth without appliance therapy, balance extractions, compensating extractions, additional factor to consider in extraction of teeth.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
2. SPACE RELATED PROBLEMS
2
Irregular and malaligned teeth in the early mixed dentition arise from two majorcauses
o Lack of adequate space causing the permanent teeth to erupt an abnormalposition
o Interferences with eruption ( drifted and tipped teeth causing space loss and over retained
primary teeth, ankylosed primary teeth, supernumerary teeth, transposed teeth, and
ectopically erupting teeth), which prevent a permanent teeth from eruptingon a normal
schedule and in the proper position.
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26. SPACE CLOSURE
It is carried out by:
1- Molar protraction: early extraction of any deciduous teeth allows forward movement of the first
permanent molars, but fixed appliances are required to complete alignment and correct the axial
inclinations. Temporary anchorage screws may be helpful where large spaces need to be closed.
2- Incisor retraction where there is an increased overjet
3- Conservative closure of the space: If any masking procedures (for example contouring a canine
incisally, palatally, and interproximally to resemble a lateral incisor) or acid-etch composite additions
are required, these should be carried out prior to the placement of appliances to facilitate final tooth
alignment (although definitive restorations e.g. crowns or veneers, are best delayed until treatment is
completed).
Placement of a bonded retainer post-treatment is advisable
27.
28.
29. MAXILLARY DENTAL PROTRUSION AND SPACING
2
9
o It is often a sequel to a prolonged finger sucking habit.( eliminating finger habit prior to tooth movement is necessary).
o The more common cause for maxillary incisor protrusion is a class II malocclusion that often has a skeletal larger component,
and in that case, treatment must address the largerproblem.
o If there is adequate vertical clearance (not a deep bite) maxillary incisors that are proclined facially can be tipped linguallywith
with a removable appliance.(HAWLEYAPPLIANCE)
o If overbite is deep, it will bring the upper and lower incisors into vertical contact before the upper incisors can be retracted
enough. This presents a much more complex treatment problem requires skeletal change and comprehensive orthodontic
treatment
30. MISSING PERMANENT TEETH
3
0
o The most commonly missing permanent teeth are second premolars (specially mandibular) and maxillary lateral incisors.
MISSING SECOND PREMOLARS
o Maintaining the primary second molar as long as possible.
o If the space, profile, and jaw relationship are good, or somewhat protrusive, it is possible to extract primary second molar that
have no successor at age 7 to 9 and allow the first molar to drift mesialy. This can produce partial or even complete space
closure. It may be necessary to extract teeth in opposing arch to reach a near ideal class Iocclusion.
MISSING MAXILLARY LATERALINCISOR
o Treatment is substitution of the canine for lateral incisors or opening the space for prosthetic lateral replacement.
31. MAXILLARY MIDLINE DIASTEMA
o The unreacted permanent canine often lies superior and distal to lateral incisor root, which forces lateral and centralincisors
roots towards the midline while their crown diverge lateraldistally.
o In its extreme form, this condition of flared and spaced incisors called ugly duckling stage of development.
8
UGLYDUCKLING PHASE
32. A small but unaesthetic diastema (2mm or less ) can be closed by removable appliance with clasp, finger spring, anterior bow
with tipping of central incisorstogether.
32
33. o Diastema( greater than 2mm) supernumerary tooth or intra bony lesion must besuspected
o comprehensive orthodontic treatment is required (2x4 appliance)
o Presence of large or inferiorly attached labial frenum require frenectomy after space closure and retention may benecessary
.therefore frenectomy before treatment is contraindicated.
33
34. PREMATURE LOSS WITH ADEQUATE SPACE
o Early loss of primary tooth presents a potential alignment problem because drift of permanent or other primary teeth is likely
unless it is prevented.
o If permanent successor will erupt within 6 months a space maintainer willunnecessary.
Band and loop space maintainer
o It is unilateral fixed appliance.
o Indicated for space maintenance in posteriorsegments.
34
35. PARTIAL DENTURE SPACE MAINTAINERS
o Indicated for bilateral posterior space maintenance when more than one
tooth has been lost per segment and permanent incisors have not yeterupted
35
36. DISTAL SHOE SPACE MAINTANER
o Appliance of choice when a primary second molar is lost before eruption of permanent first molar. This appliance
consists of metal or plastic guide planes along which thepermanent
molar erupts.
36
37. LINGUAL ARCH SPACE MAINTANER
o A lingual arch is indicated for space maintenance when multiple primary
posterior teeth are missing and permanent incisors haveerupted.
37
38. LOCALIZED LOSS (3mm or LESS)
SPACE SPACEREGAINING
38
Maxillary space regaining
Mandibular space regaining
39. MAXILLARY SPACE REGAINING
o A removable appliance retained with Adams clasp and a helical finger spring can be used to regain space by distally tipping
permanent first molar. One posterior tooth can be moved up to 3mm distally during 3to 4 month of full time appliance wear.
39
40. MAXILLARY SPACE REGAINING
o Afixed appliance can be used to regain space in maxillary posterior region, with a coil spring generating the distalizing force
o Palatal anchorage was gained using a Nance arch and the eruptedteeth
40
41. MANDIBULAR SPACE REGAINING
o Lingual arch is used for unilateral space regaining
o Lip bumper is used for bilateral spaceregaining
41
42.
43. When there is too little space for all the teeth to
fit into the mouth properly, crowding occurs.
47. DISTAL MOLAR MOVEMENT
Several options to distalize molar
o Helical spring (pendulum)
o Magnates
o TADS
o Steel and super elastic coil spring
o Temporary anchorage device for molar distalization
not indicated for patient younger than 12 years due
to bone density and TADSinstability.
47
49. Maxillary expansion can be done with the help of jackscrew by opening the mid palatalsuture.
49
50. Moderate arch length increase can be accomplished using a multiple bonded and banded appliance and mechanism of expansion.A)this
patient has moderate lower arch crowding and space shortage B) in this coil spring served to generate tooth moving force, lingual arch
control the transverse molar dimension C)the lingual arch is adjusted by opening the loops and advancing the arch so it can serve as
retainer following removal of arch wire and bondedbracket.
50
54. EARLY SERIAL EXTRACTION
In many children with severe crowding, a decision can be made during the early mixed dentition that expansion is not advisable and
some permanent teeth have to be extracted to make room for others.
The sequence often termed as serial extraction simply involves the timed extraction of primary, and ultimately permanent teeth to
relieve severe crowding.
54
55. INDICATIIONS
55
o Space discrepancy greater than 10mm perarch
o No any skeletal problem
o Normal overjet and overbite
o Class 1 molar relation
o Straight profile
56. A)Severe space deficiency and marked incisors crowding.
B)Primary canines are extracted to align the incisors.
56
57. C)Primary first molar are extracted when half to two third of roots of premolar isformed
to speed up its eruption.
D)Extraction of first premolars after their eruption and canine erupt into the extraction
space.
57