The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Root resorption in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indi...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
1ST, 2ND AND 3RD ORDER BENDS IN STANDARD EDGEWISE APPLIANCE SYSTEM /Fixed ort...Indian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals
who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry,
Periodontics and General Dentistry.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Root resorption in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indi...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
1ST, 2ND AND 3RD ORDER BENDS IN STANDARD EDGEWISE APPLIANCE SYSTEM /Fixed ort...Indian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals
who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry,
Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Pendulum appliance 2 /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ac...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Introduction
History
Indications and contraindications
Timing of distalization
Second molar extraction
Mandibular molar distalization
Rickett’s criterion
Classification and various distalization appliances
References
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Midline shift /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Biomechancal principles in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Pendulum appliance 2 /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ac...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Introduction
History
Indications and contraindications
Timing of distalization
Second molar extraction
Mandibular molar distalization
Rickett’s criterion
Classification and various distalization appliances
References
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Midline shift /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Biomechancal principles in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Orthodontic biomechanics / orthodontic courses in india / /certified fixed or...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Biomechanics in orthodontics / /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Retraction mechanics in swa /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian de...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Retraction mechanics in swa /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian de...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Andrew's swa retraction mechanics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by In...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Biomechanics of tooth movement /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Copy of biomechanics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ac...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Thesis final /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Opportunity for Dentists (BDS/MDS )to relocate to United kingdom -Register as a DENTAL HYGIENIST/ DENTAL THERAPIST without Board exams and after approval you can register in GDC as a DH/DT and start working as a DH/DT Immediately and get paid.
You can complete the whole process in 3-4 months.Salary range for DH/DT is around 2500-3500 Pounds per month.
Eligibility / requirements-
1. An International English Language Testing System (IELTS) certificate
at the appropriate level.(Within 2 yrs of application date )
2: A recent primary dental qualification that has been taught and examined in English..(Within 2 yrs of application date )
3: A recent pass in a language test for registration with a regulatory authority in a country where the first language is English.
If you are interested Please contact us for more details.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
I –Aligners are made with FDA approved transparent thermoplastic materials using 3D scanning, 3D Printing and finally Trays with Pressure vacuum formers.
Dear Doctor,
Indian Dental Academy Now offers comprehensive online Orthodontics course.
Course includes:
1.whiteboard lecture presentations
2.Case Discussions
3.with hundreds of pictures.
4.Demo on Models
5.Demo on Patients
6. subtitles in your own language
12 months unlimited access and support @350 USD only.
For Demo please visit :www.idalectures.com/preview/
For more details visit: www.idalectures.com
Please contact us for any clarifications:
idalectures@gmail.com
indiandentalacademy@gmail.com
Thanks & Regards
Indian Dental Academy
--
Indian Dental Academy
Leader in continuing dental education
www.indiandentalacademy.com
skype:indiandentalacademy
+919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Cytotoxicity of silicone materials used in maxillofacial prosthesis / dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Diagnosis and treatment planning in completely endntulous arches/dental coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Properties of Denture base materials /rotary endodontic coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Use of modified tooth forms in complete denture occlusion / dental implant...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Dentalcasting alloys/certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental aca...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Enhancing Performance with Globus and the Science DMZGlobus
ESnet has led the way in helping national facilities—and many other institutions in the research community—configure Science DMZs and troubleshoot network issues to maximize data transfer performance. In this talk we will present a summary of approaches and tips for getting the most out of your network infrastructure using Globus Connect Server.
Generative AI Deep Dive: Advancing from Proof of Concept to ProductionAggregage
Join Maher Hanafi, VP of Engineering at Betterworks, in this new session where he'll share a practical framework to transform Gen AI prototypes into impactful products! He'll delve into the complexities of data collection and management, model selection and optimization, and ensuring security, scalability, and responsible use.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
SAP Sapphire 2024 - ASUG301 building better apps with SAP Fiori.pdfPeter Spielvogel
Building better applications for business users with SAP Fiori.
• What is SAP Fiori and why it matters to you
• How a better user experience drives measurable business benefits
• How to get started with SAP Fiori today
• How SAP Fiori elements accelerates application development
• How SAP Build Code includes SAP Fiori tools and other generative artificial intelligence capabilities
• How SAP Fiori paves the way for using AI in SAP apps
A tale of scale & speed: How the US Navy is enabling software delivery from l...sonjaschweigert1
Rapid and secure feature delivery is a goal across every application team and every branch of the DoD. The Navy’s DevSecOps platform, Party Barge, has achieved:
- Reduction in onboarding time from 5 weeks to 1 day
- Improved developer experience and productivity through actionable findings and reduction of false positives
- Maintenance of superior security standards and inherent policy enforcement with Authorization to Operate (ATO)
Development teams can ship efficiently and ensure applications are cyber ready for Navy Authorizing Officials (AOs). In this webinar, Sigma Defense and Anchore will give attendees a look behind the scenes and demo secure pipeline automation and security artifacts that speed up application ATO and time to production.
We will cover:
- How to remove silos in DevSecOps
- How to build efficient development pipeline roles and component templates
- How to deliver security artifacts that matter for ATO’s (SBOMs, vulnerability reports, and policy evidence)
- How to streamline operations with automated policy checks on container images
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysKari Kakkonen
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
In his public lecture, Christian Timmerer provides insights into the fascinating history of video streaming, starting from its humble beginnings before YouTube to the groundbreaking technologies that now dominate platforms like Netflix and ORF ON. Timmerer also presents provocative contributions of his own that have significantly influenced the industry. He concludes by looking at future challenges and invites the audience to join in a discussion.
Pushing the limits of ePRTC: 100ns holdover for 100 daysAdtran
At WSTS 2024, Alon Stern explored the topic of parametric holdover and explained how recent research findings can be implemented in real-world PNT networks to achieve 100 nanoseconds of accuracy for up to 100 days.
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingAftab Hussain
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
By Design, not by Accident - Agile Venture Bolzano 2024
Biomechanical principles of orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy
1. INDIAN DENTAL ACADEMY
Leader in continuing dental education
www.indiandentalacademy.com
www.indiandentalacademy.com
2. INTRODUCTION
MECHANICAL CONCEPTS IN ORTHODONTICS
-SCALAR
-VECTOR
-FORCE
-RESULTANTS & COMPONENTS OF ORTHODONTIC
FORCE SYSTEM
-CENTER OF MASS
-CENTER OF GRAVITY
-CENTER OF RESISTANCE
-CENTER OF ROTATIONS
-SIGN CONVENTIONS
-MOMENT OF THE FORCE
-COUPLE
www.indiandentalacademy.com
3. -TORQUE
-SYSTEMS EQUIVALENT FORCE
-MOMENT TO FORCE RATIO & TYPES OF TOOTH
MOVEMENT
-NEWTON’S LAWS
-STATIC EQUILIBRIUM
-INTRUSION ARCH
-CENTERED ‘V’ BEND
-OFFCENTERED ‘V’ BEND
-STEP BEND
-NO COUPLE SYSTEM
-ONE COUPLE SYSTEM(DETERMINATE FORCE)
-TWO COUPLE SYSTEM(INDETERMINATE FORCE)
LEVELLING & ALLIGNING
-MOLAR ROTATIONS
-UNILATERAL
-BILATERAL
-SIMULTANEOUS INTRUSION & RETRACTION
-CLASS II & III ELASTICS
SPACE CLOSURE
-FORCE SYSTEMS FOR
www.indiandentalacademy.com
-GROUP B SPACE CLOSURE
4. -GROUP A SPACE CLOSURE
-GROUP C SPACE CLOSURE
TORQUING
-WITH THE MOMENT OF A COUPLE
-WITH THE MOMENT OF A FORCE
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
www.indiandentalacademy.com
5. INTRODUCTION
The biologic cascade of events that ultimately results in bone
remodeling and orthodontic tooth movement begins with the mechanical
activation of an orthodontic appliance. The force systems produced by
orthodontic appliances, consisting of both forces and moments, displace
teeth in a manner that is both predictable and controllable. By varying the
ratio of moment to force applied to teeth, the type of tooth movement
experienced can be regulated by the orthodontist. Orthodontic appliances
obey the laws of physics and can be activated to generate the desired force
systems to achieve predetermined treatment goals for individual patients.
Likewise, any orthodontic appliance can be analyzed to define the
mechanical force systems it produces. Understanding the biomechanical
principles underlying orthodontic appliance activations is essential for
executing efficient and successful orthodontic treatment.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
6. Mechanics is the discipline that describes
the effects of forces on bodies
Biomechanics refers to the science of
mechanics in relation to biologic system.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
7. MECHANICAL CONCEPTS IN
ORTHODONTICS
An understanding of several
fundamental mechanical concept is
necessary to understand clinical
relevance of biomechanics in
orthodontics.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
8. Scalar:
When a physical property ( Weight, temperature ,force) has only
magnitude , its called a scalar quantity.
( E.g.. A force of different magnitude such as 20gm,50gm etc)
Vector: When a physical property has both magnitude and direction its called
a vector quantity.
(E.g.. A force vector characterized by magnitude, line of action, point of origin
and sense)
www.indiandentalacademy.com
9. Force
Force is equal to mass times
acceleration
F= ma
Forces are actions applied to bodies
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10. RESULTANTS AND COMPONENTS OF ORTHODONTIC
FORCE SYSTEMS
Teeth are often acted upon by more than one force. Since the movement of a
tooth (or any object) is determined by the net effect of all forces on it, it is
necessary to combine applied forces to determine a single net force, or
resultant.
At other times there may be a force on a tooth that we wish to break up into
components. For example, a cervical headgear to maxillary molars will move
the molars in both the occlusal and distal directions. It may be useful to resolve
the headgear force into the components that are parallel and perpendicular to
the occlusal plane, in order to determine the magnitude of force in each of
these directions.
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12. Resultant of forces
F1
F1
ø
F
2
F2
F1 cos ø + F2 cos ø
The parallelogram method of determining the resultant of 2 forces
having common point of application
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13. Components of a force
F sin ø
F
ø
F cos ø
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14. The resultant of 2 force with different point of application can be
determined by extending the line of action to construct a
common point of application
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15. Center of mass
Each body has a point on its mass ,
which behaves as if the whole mass is
concentrated at that single point. We
call it the center of mass in a gravity
free environment.
Center of gravity
The same is called the centre of
gravity in an environment when
gravity is present.
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16. Center of resistance
Center of mass of a free body is the point through which an
applied force must pass to move it linearly without any rotation. This
center of mass is the free objects “Balance Point”
The center of resistance is the equivalent balance point of a
restrained body.
Center of resistance varies depending up on the
- Root length & morphology
- Number of roots
- Level of alveolar bone support
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17. Center of resistance of
2 teeth
Center of resistance of maxilla
Center of resistance of Maxillary
molar
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AJO DO 90: 29-36, 1986
18. Center of resistance depending upon the level of alveolar bone.
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19. Center of resistance during anterior teeth retraction
Center of resistance of 6 anterior teeth- ± 7mm apical to
the interproximal bone
Center of resistance of 4 anterior teeth- ±5mm apical to
the interproximal bone
Center of resistance of 2 anterior teeth- ±3.5mm apical to
the interproximal bone
The location of the instantaneous center of resistance
shifted apically as the number of dental units consolidated
(2, 4, and 6) increased.
Clinical implication:
They suggest that little difference in the moment/force
ratio (M/F) is required to translate a two- or four-teeth unit.
However, for the retraction of a six-teeth segment, the M/F
ratio of a retraction spring should be calibrated for a higher
value to facilitate translation.
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AJO DO 91(5):375-384,1987
21. Center of resistance during anterior teeth intrusion
For an anterior segment comprising two central incisors, the
center of resistance was located on a projection line parallel
to the midsagittal plane on a point situated at the distal half of
the canines
For an anterior segment that included the four incisors, the
center of resistance was situated on a projection line
perpendicular to the occlusal plane between the canines and
first premolars.
For a rigid anterior segment that included the six anterior
teeth, the center of resistance was situated on a projection
line perpendicular to the occlusal plane distal to the first
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premolar.
AJO DO 90(3):211-220,1986
22. The center of resistance was found in different occlusoapical
positions, depending on the direction of the force. Thus the
location of the center of resistance cannot be considered to be
constant, independent of the direction of loading, for a tooth with a
given support.
A force always acts to displace the center of resistance in the
direction the force is acting (support being the same) .
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AJO DO 1993 May (428 - 438)
AJO DO 99(4):337-
25. Center of rotation
If a model of a tooth is attached to a piece of paper by a pin, the point with the
pin in it cannot move, and this point becomes the center of rotation about which
the tooth can spin. If the pin is placed at the incisal edge, only movement of the
root is possible if it is placed at the root apex, movement is limited to crown
tipping. In each case, the center of rotation is determined by the position of the
pin. Thus, in two dimensional figures, the center of rotation may be defined as a
point about which a body appears to have rotated, as determined from its initial
and final positions.
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26. The more nearly translational the movement, the farther apically the center of
rotation would be located. In the extreme case, with perfect translation, the
center of rotation can be defined as being an infinite distance away.
A simple method for determining a
center of rotation is to take any two
points on the tooth and connect the
before and after positions of each
point with a line. The intersection of
the perpendicular bisectors of these
lines is the center of rotation
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AJO DO 85(4):294-307,1984
27. Burstone stated in his simple formula:
y × (M/F) = 0.068 h2 where
y = Distance from center of resistance to center of rotation
M/F = Distance from center of resistance to point of force application
h = Root length
Thus, in this special case of a two-dimensional parabolic root, 0.068 is a
constant for a given root length.
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AM J ORTHOD 1969;55:351-69.
28. Two important parameters σ2 and γ, which measure the
resistance of the tooth to tipping, were found to be constants
for loading in one plane of space, independent of the position of
occlusoapical force.
Using experimental σ2 or γ values, one can calculate the
location of the center of rotation of the tooth for a given force
position or, conversely, when a center of rotation is desired, the
position of the force (or the equivalent moment/force ratio at the
bracket) can be calculated.
Because the γ values differed as the load was changed from
one plane to another through the long axis of the tooth, it was
shown that different centers of rotation would be produced for a
given force location if the direction of loading was changed.
The center of rotation located more apically to the center of
resistance with forces directed labiopalatally than mesiodistally.
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AJO DO 99(4):337-345,1991
29. More is the value of σ2 & γ
more is the resistance to
tipping or rotation
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AJO DO 99(4):337-345,1991
30. Sign Conventions
A universal sign convention is available for forces & moments in dentistry &
orthodontics.
Forces are positive when they are in :
-Anterior direction
-Lateral direction
-Mesial direction
-Buccal direction
-Extrusive forces
Moments are positive when they move the crown in a mesial, buccal or
labial direction.
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32. Moment of the force :It is the tendency of a force to produce rotation.
The force is not acting through the Cres
It is determined by multiplying the magnitude of force by the perpendicular
distance of the line of action to the center of resistance.
Unit– Newton . mm ( Gm. mm)
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33. The direction of moment of force can be determined by continuing the line
of action around the Cres
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34. Couple
A couple consists of two forces of equal magnitude, with parallel but
noncolinear lines of action and opposite senses.
The magnitude of a couple is calculated by multiplying the magnitude of forces
by the distance between them
Unit :- Newton . mm (Gm . mm)
1000gm.mm
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35. Moment of a couple
The tendency of a couple to produce pure rotation around the Cres
Direction of rotation is determined by following the direction of either force
around the Cres to the origin of opposite force.
Cres
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36. Irrespective of where on a rigid object a couple is applied; the external effect
is the same.
50g
50gm
-500gm.mm
50gm
50gm
1000gm.mm
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1500gm.mm
37. The moment of force is always relative to a point of reference. The
moment of a force will be low relative to a point close to the line of action
and high for a point with a large perpendicular distance to the line of action.
A couple is no more than a particular configuration of forces which have an
inherent moment. This moment of couple is not relative to any point.
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38. In orthodontics depending up on the plane in which the couple is acting they
are called as
Rotation-1st order
Tipping- 2nd order
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Torque- 3rd order
39. Torque
Torque is the common synonym of moments
Moments of forces moments of couples
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40. Systems Equivalent force
A useful method for predicting the type of tooth movement that will occur with
the appliance activation is to determine the “ equivalent force system at tooth’s
center of resistance.
It’s done in three steps
First- Forces are replaced at the Cres maintaining its magnitude and direction
Second- The moment of force is also placed at the Cres.
Third- Applied moment ( moment of couple in bracket wire combination) is also
placed at Cres.
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42. Moment to force ratio & types of tooth movement
The type of movement exhibited by a tooth is determined by the ratio between
the magnitude of the couple (M) and the force (F) applied at the bracket.
The ratio of the two has units of millimeters (this represents the distance away
from the bracket that a single force will produce the same effect).
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AJO 85(4):294-307,1984
AJO DO 90: 127-131, 1986
43. Tipping
-Greater movement of crown of the tooth than of the root
Uncontrolled tipping:
-Movement of the root apex and crown in opposite direction
-Crot – Between Cres and apex
-Mc/F ratio 0:1 to 5:1
-0<Mc/MF<1
Controlled tipping:
-Movement of the crown only
- Crot – At the root apex
-Mc/F ratio 7:1
-0<Mc/MF<1
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JCO13:676-683,1979
AJO 85(4):294-307,1984
44. Translation
-Bodily moment occurs
-Crot – At infinity
-Mc/F ratio 10:1
-Mc/MF=1
-Root movement
-Root movement occurs with the crown being stationary
-Crot – at the incisal edge or the bracket
-Mc/F ratio 12:1 - Mc/MF>1
Pure rotational movement
-Root & crown move equally in opposite direction
- Crot – Just incisal to Cres
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- Mc/F ratio 20:1 - Mc/MF>1
JCO13:676-683,1979
AJO 85(4):294-307,1984
45. Newton’s Laws :
First Law: The Law Of Inertia
Every body continues in its state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line
unless it is compelled to change by the forces impressed on it.
Second Law :The Law Of Acceleration
The change in motion is proportional to the motive force impressed & is
made in the direction of straight line in which the force is impressed.
Third Law :The Law Of Action & Reaction
To every action there is always opposing & equal reaction.
When a wire is deflected or activated in order to insert it into poorly aligned
brackets the 1st & 3rd laws are apparent.
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46. Static Equilibrium
It is a valuable application of Newton’s Laws of motion to the analysis of the
force system delivered by an orthodontic appliance.
Static Equilibrium implies that, at any point within a body , the sum of forces &
moments acting on a body is zero; i.e., if no net force or moments are acting on
the body the body remains at rest (static).
The analysis of equilibrium can be stated in equation form
Σ Horizontal forces = 0
Σ Vertical forces = 0
Σ Transverse forces = 0
AND
Σ Moments ( Horizontal axis ) = 0
Σ Moments ( Vertical axis )= 0
Σ Moments ( Transverse axis ) = 0
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49. Off Centered ‘V’ Bend
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AJO DO 98(4):333-339 1990
50. Step bend
It is easy to understand that the forces
generated in this type of situation are
stronger than those generated in an offcenter V bend. Indeed, for a given angle
between the wire and the brackets, the two
moments, C1 and C2, add up in the step
bend, yielding a stronger reactional
moment, as well as stronger vertical forces.
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AJO DO 98(4):333-339 1990
52. One Couple System (Determinate force system)
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53. Two Couple System (Indeterminate force system)
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54. Leveling & Aligning
Wider bracket
Narrower bracket
More Mc
Less Mc
Less contact angle
More contact angle
More the play more is the Mc
It was found that a predictable ratio of the moments produced between two
adjacent brackets remained constant regardless of interbracket distance or the
cross section of the wire used if the angles of the bracket remained constant to
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the interbracket axis.
AJO DO 1988 Jan (59 – 67)
55. We put thinner wires at the beginning of alignment i.e. more play - less applied
couple - less M:F - no root moment only crown moment (tipping)
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57. The 2 central incisors are rotated
mesial in creating a symmetric V
geometry. The
desired corrective force system
involves 2 equal
and opposite moments as illustrated
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Semin Orthod 2001;7:16-25.
58. The force system developed by inserting a straight wire into the brackets of
the 4 anterior teeth will create counterclockwise moments on the 2 central
incisors as well as lingual movement of the left central incisor and labial
movement of the right central incisor. The initial geometry is not favorable for
alignment.
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Semin Orthod 2001;7:16-25.
59. shows a lingually placed right lateral incisor. In this case, the geometric
relationship between the right lateral and central incisors is a step geometry
and the placement of a straight wire into the brackets of the 4 anterior teeth will
align the teeth and also shift the midline to the right side
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Semin Orthod 2001;7:16-25.
60. In the maxillary arch shown in Figure, the relationship between the central
incisors is a step geometry and an asymmetric V geometry is observed
between the central and lateral incisors on the right side. Analysis of the force
system shows that, although correction of the 2 central incisors will occur as
a result of straight wire placement, the right lateral incisor will be displaced
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labially, which is an undesirable side effect .
Semin Orthod 2001;7:16-25.
61. The relationship between the right lateral and central incisors is
recognized as an asymmetric V geometry. Analysis of the force system
shows that, although the left lateral incisor will be corrected by rotating mesial
out and moving labially, the right lateral incisor will move further lingually
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Semin Orthod 2001;7:16-25.
62. The relationship between the right lateral and central incisors is
recognized as an asymmetric V geometry. Analysis of the force system
shows that, although the left lateral incisor will be corrected by rotating mesial
out and moving labially, the right lateral incisor will move further lingually
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Semin Orthod 2001;7:16-25.
63. During extrusion of a high canine
unilaterally. Figure A shows the
force system generated by the
placement of a straight wire through
a high maxillary right canine. The
canine will extrude as desired, but
the lateral incisor and first premolar
on that side will intrude and tip
toward the canine space. An open
bite may result on that side of the
arch, and the anterior occlusal plane
will be canted up on the right side.
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Semin Orthod 2001;7:16-25.
64. Molar Rotations- absence of maxillary molar rotation is highly desirable in
obtaining class-I occlusion of the molars, premolars, & canines.
B/L Molar rotations:
Palatal Arch
Mc
Mc
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70. Force vectors in Cl-III elastics
Force Vectors in Cl-II elastics
Favorable in low angle deep www.indiandentalacademy.com
bite
Favorable in low angle cases
cases
71. Space Closure
Group A Anchorage
Group B Anchorage
Group C Anchorage
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72. Force system for Group B space closure
M/F Ratio 10/1in anterior & posterior – Translation of anterior & posterior
Mc
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Mc
73. Force System for Group A space closure
M/F ratio 12/1 or more in posterior & 7/1 or 10/1in anteriors – Root moment of
posteriors & tipping or bodily moment of anteriors
IDEAL
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76. Force system for Group C space closure mirrors that of group
A.
The anterior teeth becomes the effective anchor teeth.
The anterior moment is of greater magnitude & the vertical force side
effect is an extrusive force on the anterior teeth.
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77. TORQUING WITH THE MOMENT OF A COUPLE
System equilibrium
Torquing arch
Incisor movements
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AJO DO1993 May (428 – 438)
78. TORQUING WITH THE MOMENT OF A FORCE
System equilibrium
Base arch
Incisor movements
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AJO DO1993 May (428 – 438)
79. CONCLUSION
Various mechanics can often be used to achieve the tooth movements
desired for orthodontic treatments. It is important however to understand
the mechanics involved and to recognize when the appliance will not achieve
adequate results or may result in undesirable side effects. This can help us
to prevent prolonged overall treatment time and/or compromise in the final
orthodontic outcome.
The ultimate result will be a happy post treatment patient , with a
beautiful smile leaving your clinic.
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80. REFFERENCES
1. Smith RJ, Burstone CJ: Mechanics of tooth movement. AJO 85:294307,1984.
2. Burstone CJ, Koenig HA: Creative wire bending- The force system from step
& V bends. AJO DO 93(1):59-67,1988.
3. Burstone CJ, Koenig HA: Force system from the ideal arch. AJO 65(3):270289,1974.
4. Demange C: Equilibrium situations in bend force system. AJO DO98(4):333339,1990.
5. Issacson RJ, Lindauer SJ, Rubenstein LK: Moments with edgewise
appliance e: Incisor torque control. AJO DO 103(5):428-438,1993.
6. Koing HA, Vanderby R, Solonche DJ, Burstone CJ: Force system for
orthodontic appliances: An analytical & experimental comparison. J
Biomechanical Eng102(4):294-300,1980.
7. Kusy RP, Tulloch JFC: Analysis of moment/force ratio in the mechanics of
tooth movement. AJO DO 90; 127-131,1986.
8. Nanda R, Goldin B: Biomechanical approaches to the study of alteration of
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facial morphology. AJO 78(2):213-226,1980.
81. 9. Vanden Bulcke MM, Burstone CJ, Sachdeva RC , Dermaut LR: Location of
center of resistance for anterior teeth during retraction using the laser reflection
technique. AJO DO 91(5):375-384,1987.
10. Vanden Bulcke MM, Dermaut LR, Sachdeva RC, Burstone CJ: The center
of resistance of anterior teeth during intrusion using the laser reflection
technique & holographic interferometry. AJO DO 90(3): 211-220,1986.
11. Mulligan TF: Common sense mechanics 2 . Forces & moments. JCO
13:676-683,1979.
12. Siatkowski RE: force system analysis of V-bend sliding mechanics. JCO
28(9):539-546,1994.
13. Tanne K, et al: Moment to force ratios & the center of rotation. AJO 94:426431,1989
14. The basics of orthodontic mechanics. Semin Orthod 2001;7:2-15
15. Leveling & aligning: Challenges & Solutions Semin Orthod 2001;7:16-25.
16. Biomechanics in clinical Orthodontics. Ravindra Nanda, 1 st Edition
17. Biomechanics in Orthodontics. Michael R. Marcotte, 1st Edition
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82. 18. Modern Edgewise Mechanics & Segmented Arch Technique, Dr C J
Burstone, 1st Edition
19. Contemporary Orthodontics. W R Proffit 3 rd Edition
20. Orthodontics Current Principles & Techniques. T M Graber, R l
Vanersdal. 3rd Edition
21. Systemized Orthodontic Treatment Mechanics. R P McLaughlin, J C
Bennet, H J Trevisi
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83. Thank you
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