The document contains a 50 question multiple choice midterm exam for the CNS 6529 course. The questions cover topics related to research methods and experimental design, including types of research, variables, hypotheses, errors, significance levels, and statistical analyses such as correlation, t-tests, ANOVA, and factorial designs.

1. South-University CNS 6529 Mid Term
Exam
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CNS 6529 Mid Term Exam
1. Question: The most valuable type of researchis
alwaysconductedusingafactor analysis.
conductedusingthe chi-square.
the experiment,usedtodiscovercause-and-effectrelationships.
the quasi-experiment.
Question2. Question: Experimentsemphasize parsimony,whichmeans
interpretingthe resultsinthe simplestway.

2. interpretingthe resultsinthe mostcomplex manner.
interpretingthe resultsusingacorrelationcoefficient.
interpretingthe resultsusingaclinical interview.
Question3. Question: Occam's Razor suggeststhatexperimenters
interpretthe resultsinthe simplestmanner.
interpretthe resultsinthe mostcomplex manner.
interpretthe resultsusingacorrelationcoefficient.
interpretthe resultsusingaclinical interview.
Question4. Question: A counseloreducatorisrunninganexperimenttotestanew form of
counseling.Unbeknownsttothe experimenterone of the clientsinthe studyissecretlyseeingagestalt
therapist.Thisexperiment
isparsimonious.
isan example of Occam'sRazor

3. isconfounded/flawed.
isvalidandwill mostlikelyhelpthe fieldof counseling.
Question5. Question: Nondirectiveistoperson-centeredas
psychological testingistocounseling.
confoundingistoexperimenting.
appraisal istoresearch.
parsimonyistoOccam's Razor.
Question6. Question: An experimentissaidtobe confoundedwhen
undesirable variablesare notkeptoutof the experiment.
undesirable variablesare keptoutof the experiment.
basicresearchisusedinplace of appliedresearch.
the sample israndom.

4. Question7. Question: In experimentalterminologyIV standsfor___________ and DV stands
for ________.
independentvariable;dependentvariable.
dependentvariable;independentvariable.
individual variable;dependentvariable.
independentvariable; designervariable.
Question8. Question: A professorof counseloreducationhypothesizedthatbiofeedback
trainingcouldreduce anxietyandimprovethe average score onwrittenboardexams.If thisprofessor
decidestoconducta formal experimentthe IV will be the _____________ and the DV will be the
__________.
professor;anxietylevel.
anxietylevel;boardexamscore.
biofeedback;boardexamscore.
boardexamscore;biofeedback.

5. Question9. Question: Experimenters shouldalwaysabidebyacode of ethics.The variable you
manipulate/control inanexperimentisthe
DV.
dependentvariable.
the variable youwill measuretodetermine the outcome.
IV or independentvariable.
Question10. Question: In orderfor the professorof counseloreducation(seequestion708) to
conduct an experimentregardinghishypothesishe willneeda(n)______ anda(n)_______.
biofeedbackgroup;systematicdesensitizationgroup
control group;systematicdesensitizationgroup.
control group;experimental group
at least60 subjectsinthe control group;at least60 subjectsinthe
experimental group.

6. Question11. Question: In orderfor the professorof counseloreducationto conductthe
experimentsuggestedinquestion708the experimental groupwouldneedtoreceive
the manipulatedIV.
the biofeedbacktraining.
a and b.
the organismicIV.
Question12. Question: Hypothesistestingismostcloselyrelatedtothe workof
Hoppock.
Freud.
LloydMorgan.
R.A.Fisher.
Question13. Question: The null hypothesissuggeststhatthere will notbe asignificant
difference betweenthe experimental groupwhichreceivedthe IV andthe control groupwhichdidnot.
Thus,if the experimentinquestion708was conducted,the null hypothesiswouldsuggestthat

7. all studentsreceivingbiofeedbacktrainingwouldscore equallywell onthe
board exam.
systematicdesensitizationmightworkbetterthanbiofeedback.
biofeedbackwill notimprove the boardexamscores.
meta-analysisisrequired.
Question14. Question: The hunch isknownas the experimental oralternative hypothesis.The
experimental hypothesissuggestthatadifferencewillbe evidentbetweenthe control groupandthe
experimental group(i.e.the groupreceivingthe IV).Thus,if the experimentinquestion8were
conducted,the experimental hypothesiswouldsuggestthat
the biofeedbackwouldraise boardscores.
the control groupwill score betteronthe board exam.
there will be nodifference betweenthe experimentalandthe control groups.
the experimenthasbeenconfounded.
Question15. Question: From a purelystatistical viewpoint,inordertocompare a control group
(whichdoesnotreceive the IV orexperimental manipulation) tothe experimentalgroupthe researcher
will need
a correlationcoefficient.

8. onlydescriptive statistics.
percentilerank.
a testof significance.
Question16. Question: Whenyousee the letterP inrelationtoa testof significance itmeans
portion.
populationparameter.
probability.
the researcherisusinganethnographicqualitative approach.
Question17. Question: In the social sciencesthe acceptedprobabilitylevel isusually
.05 or less.
1.0 or higher.

9. .0001 or less.
5.0.
Question18. Question: P=.05 reallymeansthat
five subjectswerenotincludedinthe study.
there isonlya 5% chance thatthe difference betweenthe control groupand
the experimental groupsisdue tochance factors.
the level of significanceis.01.
nolevel of significance hasbeenset.
Question19. Question: P=.05 reallymeansthat
differencestrulyexits;the experimenterwillobtainthe same results95out of
100 times.
differences trulyexist;the experimenterwillobtainthe same results99out of
100 times.
there isa 95% errorfactor.
there isa 10% errorfactor.

10. Question20. Question: The study thatwouldbestrule outchance factorswouldhave a
significance level of P=
.05.
.01.
.001.
.08
Question21. Question: Type I and Type II errorsare called_______________ and ___________
respectively.
beta;alpha.
.01;.05.
a and b.
alpha;beta.
Question 22. Question: A type I erroroccurs when

11. youhave a beta error.
youaccept null whenitisfalse.
yourejectnull whenitistrue.
youfail to ue a testof significance.
Question23. Question: A type IIerror.
isalsocalleda betaerror.
meansyourejectnull whenitisapplicable.
meansyouaccept null whenitisfalse.
a and c.
Question24. Question: Assume the experimentinquestion8isconducted.The resultsindicate
that the biofeedbackhelpedraise writtenboardexamscoresbutinrealitythisisnotthe case.The
researcherhasmade a

12. Type I error.
Type IIerror.
betaerror.
b andc.
Question25. Question: A counseloreducatordecidesto increase the sample sizeinher
experiment.Thiswill
confoundthe experimentinnearlyeverycase.
raise the probabilityof Type IandType II errors.
have virtuallynoimpactonType I and Type II errors.
reduce Type Iand Type II errors.
Question26. Question: If a researcherchangesthe significance levelfrom.05 to.001, then
alphaand betaerrorswill increase.

13. alphaerrorsincrease butbetaerrors decrease.
alphaerrorsdecrease;however,betaerrorsincrease.
Thiswill have noimpacton Type I and Type IIerrors.
Question27. Question: A counselorbelievesthatclientswhoreceiveassertivenesstrainingwill
ask more questionsincounselingclasses.An experimental groupreceivesassertivenesstrainingwhile a
control group doesnot.In orderto testfor significantdifferencesbetweenthe groupsthe counselor
shouldutilize.
StudentAnswer: the student'sttest.
a correlationcoefficient.
a survey.
an analysisof variance of ANOVA.
Question28. Question: The researcherinquestion27 now attemptsa more complex
experiment.One groupreceivesnoassertivenesstraining,asecondgroupreceivesfourassertiveness
sessions,andathirdreceivessix sessions.The statisticof choice would

14. be the mean.
be the t test.
be the two-wayANOVA.
be the ANOVA.
Question29. Question: If the researcherinthe previousquestionutilizedtwoIVsthenthe
statisticof choice wouldbe
the median.
the t test.
the two-wayANOVA orMANOVA.
the ANOVA.
Question30. Question: To complete at test youwouldconsultatabledvalue of t. Inorder to
see if significantdifferencesexist inanANOVA youwould.
consultthe mode.

15. consulta table fort values.
consulta table forF values.
compute the chi-square.
Question31. Question: Whichlevel of significance wouldbestrule outchance factors?
.05
.01.
.2.
.001.
Question32. Question: Whena researcherusescorrelation,thenthere isnodirect
manipulationof the IV.A researchermightask,forexample,how IQcorrelateswiththe incidence of
panicdisorder.Again,nothing ismanipulated;justmeasured.Incasessuchas thisa correlation
coefficientwillreveal
the relationshipbetweenIQandpanic.disorder.

16. the probabilitythatasignificantdifferenceexists.
an F test.
percentilerank.
Question33. Question: If data indicate thatstudentswhostudya lotget veryhighscoreson
state counselorlicensingexams,thenthe correlationbetweenstudytime andLPCexamscoreswouldbe
positive.
negative.
0.00
impossible toascertain.
Question34. Question: Whichof the followingwouldmostlikelyyieldaperfectcorrelationof
1.00?
IQ andsalary.
ICD diagnosisandsalary.

17. lengthininchesandlengthincentimeters.
heightandweight.
Question35. A goodguesswouldbe thatif youwouldcorrelatedthe lengthof CACREP
graduatesbabytoeswiththeirNCEscores the resultwouldbe
be close to 0.00.
be close to a perfect1.00.
be close to a perfectnegative correlationof -1.00.
be about+.70.
Question36. Question: Dr. X discoveredthatthe correlationbetweentherapistswhoholdNCC
statusand therapistshopractice systematicdesensitizationis0.90.A studentwhoperusedDr.X's
researchtoldhisfellow studentsthatDr.X had discoveredthatattainingNCCstatuscausestherapiststo
become behaviorallyoriented.The studentisincorrectbecause
systematicdesensitizationisclearlynotabehavioral strategy.
thiscan onlybe determinedvia ahistogram.
the studysuffersfromlongitudinalandmaturational effects.

18. correlationdoesnotimplycausal.
Question37. Question: Behavioristsoftenutilize N=1,whichiscalledintensive experimental
design.The firststepinthis approachwouldbe to
consulta randomnumbertable.
decide ona nonparametricstatistical test.
take a baseline measure.
compute the range.
Question38. Question: In a newstudythe clientsdonot know whethertheyare receivingan
experimental treatmentfordepressionorwhethertheyare simplypartof the control group.Thisis,
nevertheless,knowntothe researcher.Thus,thisisa
double-blindstudy.
single-blindstudy.
baselineforanintensive N=1design.
participantobservermodel.

19. Question39. Question: A large studyat a major universitygave anexperimentalgroupof clients
a newtype of therapythatwas intendedtoameliorate testanxiety.The control groupdidnotreceive
the newtherapy.Neitherthe clientsnorthe researchersknew whichstudentsreceivedthe new
treatment.Thiswasa
double-blindstudy.
single-blindstudy.
typical ABdesign.
case of correlational research.
Question40. Question: Experimentalistocause and effectascorrelational isto
blindstudy.
double-blindstudy.
N=1 design.
degree of relationship.

20. Question41. Question: In a normal curve the mean,the median,andthe mode all fall precisely
inthe middle of the curve.Froma graphical standpointthe so-callednormal orGaussiancurve (named
afterthe astronomer/mathematicianK.F.Gauss) lookslike
a symmetrical bell.
the top half of a bowlingball.
the top half of a hot dog.
a mountainwhichisleaningtowardthe left.
Question42. Question: The most commonmeasuresof central tendencyare the mean,the
median,andthe mode.The mode is
the mostfrequentlyoccurringscore andthe leastimportantmeasuresof
central tendency.
always10% lessthanthe mean.
the arithmeticaverage.
the middle score inthe distributionof scores.

21. Question43. Question: A bimodal distributionhastwomodes(i.e.mostfrequentlyoccurring
scores).Graphically,thislooksroughlylike
a symmetrical bell-shapedcurve.
a camel'sback withtwohumps.
the top half of a bowlingball.
a mountainwhichisleaningtowardthe left.
Question44. Question: In a basiccurve or so-calledfrequencypolygonthe pointof maximum
concentrationisthe
mean.
median.
mode.
range.
Question45. Question: The most useful measure of central tendencyis the

22. meanoftenabbreviatedbyandX witha bar overit.
medianoftenabbreviatedbyMd.Mdn.
mode oftenabbreviatedbyMo.
pointof maximumconcentration.
Question46. Question: In a careercounselingsessionanelectrical engineermentionsthree jobs
he has held.The firstpain$10 per hour,the secondpaid$30 perhour, andthirdpaid a higherrate of
$50 perhour.The counselorrespondsthatthe clientisaveraging$30 perhour.The counselorisusing
: a Pearsonproduct-momentcorrelationcoefficient.
a factorial design.
the harmonicmean.
the mean.
Question47. Question: From a mathematical standpoint,the meanismerelythe sumof the
scoresdividedbythe numberof scores.The meanismisleadingwhen
the distributionisskewed.

23. the distributionhasnoextremescores.
there are extreme scores.
a and c.
Question48. Question: Whena distributionof scoresisnotdistributednormallystatisticians
call it
Gauss'scurve.
a symmetrical bell-shapedcurve.
a skeweddistribution.
an invaliddistribution.
Question49. Question: The medianis
the middle score whenthe dataare arranged fromthe highesttothe lowest.
the arithmeticaverage.
the mostfrequentvalue obtained.

24. nevermore useful thanthe mean.
Question50. Question: In a newexperiment,acounseloreducatorwantstoferretoutthe
effectsof more thanone IV.She will use a ___________ design.
Pearsonproduct -momentr
Spearmanrankorderrho
factorial
Solomonfour-groupdesigncreatedbypsychologistRichardL.Solomon.
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