The document provides an overview of various research designs, including qualitative, quantitative, pre-experimental, quasi-experimental, and true experimental designs. It elaborates on the methods, purposes, advantages, and disadvantages of each type, emphasizing the structured approach needed for effective research. Additionally, symbols and terms associated with experimental designs are defined for clarity.

1. Hello, I’m
Baymax your
Research
Companion.
Photo credits: https://www.pinterest.com/pin/361625045056217933/
BY MYLA D. GERMAN
MALABON NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

2. RESEARCH
DESIGNS

3. What is Research Design?
-Like a blueprint for the research.
-A research design is a plan that
guides the decision as to:

4. QUALITATIVE
RESEARCH
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
• A systematic subjective
approach used to
describe life experiences
and give them meaning.
• A formal, objective, systematic process
for obtaining information about the
world. A method used to describe, test
relationships, and examine cause and
effect relationships
• To gain insight; explore
the depth, richness, and
complexity inherent in
the phenomenon.
• To test relationships,
describe, examine cause
and effect relations

5. Qualitative Research
Designs

6. Describes and examines
events of the past to
understand the present and
anticipate potential future
effects.

7. Describe a culture's
characteristics.

8. is a type of qualitative
research that seeks action to
improve practice and study
the effects of the action
that was taken.

9. Describe in-depth the
experience of one
person, family, group,
community, or
institution.

10. Quantitative Research
Designs

11.  Pre-experimental Design
 Quasi-experimental
Design
 True Experimental Design

12. DESIGN CONTROL VARIABLES RANDOMIZATION
Pre-experimental
True experimental
Quasi-
experimental

13. Pre -
Experimental
Design

14.  Is the simplest form of
research design. In a pre-
experiment either a single
group or multiple groups are
observed subsequent to some
o One-shot case study design
o One-group pretest-posttest
design
o Static-group comparison

15. Let us use the symbols in some
examples:
X- Treatment
 O test
 O1 O2 O3 O4... series of tests
 O1 Pre test
 O2 Post test
 R-Randomization

16. One Shot Case Study
To attempt to explain a consequence by an antecedent.
X O

17. One Group Pretest-Posttest Design
To evaluate the influence of a variable.
O1 X O2

18. Static Group Comparison
To determine the influence of a variable on one
group and not on another.
GROUP I O1 X
GROUP II O2

19. Quasi Experimental
Design
“QUASI”- LATIN WORD MEANS
ALMOST BUT NOT REALLY

20. A quasi-experiment is an empirical study used to
estimate the causal impact of an intervention on its
target population.
 QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
 Control Group Posttest Design
 Control Group Pretest-Posttest Design
Nonequivalent Control Group Design with Posttest Only
 Nonequivalent Control Group Design with Pretest and
Posttest
Time Series Experimental design

21. Quasi-Experimental Designs
Control Group Posttest Design
Researcher implemented a treatment without
pretest. Without comparison
X O

22. Control Group Pretest-Posttest Groups Design
 Quasi-Experimental Designs
O1 X O2
Pretest and posttest comparison are
prone to many errors and biases.
Useful when pre scores are available to
educators that have been stable for long
period of time.

23. Quasi-Experimental Designs
Nonequivalent Control Group with Posttest Design
Control group is utilized. There is posttest but no
pretest. Selection is bias.
X O
O

24. Nonequivalent Control Group Pretest-
Posttest Design
To investigate a situation where random selection and
assignment are not possible. Most commonly used quasi-
experiment design.
O1 X O2
O1 ___ O2
 Quasi-Experimental Designs

25.  Quasi-Experimental Designs
Time Series Experimental Design
To determine the influence of a variable introduced
only after a series of initial of observations and only
where one group is available.
O1 O2 O3 O4 X
O5 O6 O7 O8

26.  Quasi-Experimental Designs
Control Group Time Series Design
To bolster the validity of the previous design with the addition of a
control group.
O1 O2 O3 O4 X
O5 O6 O7 O8
O1 O2 O3 O4
O5 O6 O7 O8

27. True Experimental
Design

28. True Experimental Design
regarded as the most accurate form of experimental
research.
it tries to prove or disprove a hypothesis mathematically,
with statistical analysis.
employ both a control group and a means to measure the
change that occurs in both groups.
often thought of as the only research method that can
adequately measure the cause and effect relationship

29. For an experiment to be classed as a true experimental design, it
must fit all of the following criteria.
The sample groups must be assigned randomly.
There must be a viable control group.
Only one variable can be manipulated and tested. It is possible to test
more than one, but such experiments and their statistical analysis
tend to be cumbersome and difficult.
The tested subjects must be randomly assigned to either control or
experimental groups.

30. True Experimental Design
can be classified as:
Randomized subjects posttest-only control group design
Randomized matched subjects posttest-only control group
design
Randomized subjects pretest-posttest control group design
Solomon three-group design
Solomon four-group design

31. To discuss about experimental designs, we need to use some
terms and symbols.
X = independent variable or the treatment.
E = experimental group (group that receives the treatment)
C = control group (group that DOES NOT receive the
treatment)
O test
S = subjects
R = randomization/random assignment
Mr = matching of subjects

32. Posttest Equivalent Groups Study
Each group, chosen and assigned at random is presented with either
the treatment or some type of control
Posttests are then given to each subject to determine if a difference
between the two groups exists.
It is difficult to determine if the difference apparent at the end of the
study is an actual change from the possible difference at the
beginning of the study.
 True Experimental Design

33. Randomized subjects, posttest-only control
group design is illustrated as follows:
(R) E X O2
(R) C ▬ O2

34. Randomized matched subjects, posttest-only
control group design is illustrated as follows:
(Mr)
E X O2
C ▬ O2

35. Pretest Posttest Equivalent Groups Study
this method is the most effective in terms of demonstrating
cause and effect but it is also the most difficult to perform.
The pretest posttest equivalent groups design provides for
both a control group and a measure of change but also adds
a pretest to assess any differences between the groups prior
to the study taking place.
 True Experimental Design

36. Randomized subjects, pretest-posttest control
group design is illustrated as follows:
(R) E O1 X O2
(R) C O1 ▬ O2

37.  True Experimental Design
Solomon Group Design
The Solomon group design is a way of avoiding some of
the difficulties associated with the pretest-posttest
design.
This design contains extra control groups, which serve to
reduce the influence of confounding variables and allow
the researcher to test whether the pretest itself has an
effect on the subjects.

38. Solomon three-group design is illustrated
as follows:
(R) E O1 X O2
(R) C1 O1 ▬ O2
(R) C2 ▬ X O2

39. Solomon four-group design is illustrated
as follows:
(R) E O1 X O2
(R) C1 O1 ▬ O2
(R) C2 ▬ X O2
(R) C3 ▬ ▬ O2

40. Advanges and Disadvantages
of
True Experimental Design

41. Advantages
The results of a true experimental design can be
statistically analyzed and so there can be little argument
about the results.
It is also much easier for other researchers to replicate the
experiment and validate the results.
For physical sciences working with mainly numerical data,
it is much easier to manipulate one variable, so true
experimental design usually gives a yes or no answer.

42. Disadvantages
can be almost too perfect, with the conditions being
under complete control and not being representative of
real world conditions.
For psychologists and behavioral biologists, for example,
there can never be any guarantee that a human or living
organism will exhibit ‘normal’ behavior under
experimental conditions.

43. Disadvantages
can be too accurate and it is very difficult to obtain a complete
rejection or acceptance of a hypothesis because the standards of
proof required are so difficult to reach.
difficult and expensive to set up. They can also be very impractical.
for some fields, like physics, there are not as many variables so the
design is easy, for social sciences and biological sciences, where
variations are not so clearly defined it is much more difficult to
exclude other factors that may be affecting the manipulated
variable.

44. Thank You for listening,
God Bless.mdcGerman
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45. Referencesohttp://allpsych.com/researchmethods/trueexperimentaldesign.html
ohttp://quantres.wordpress.com/2009/11/19/quantitative-research-designs/
ohttps://explorable.com/true-experimental-design
ohttp://pareonline.net/getvn.asp?v=5&n=14
ohttp://web.csulb.edu/~msaintg/ppa696/696preex
o http://www.umsl.edu/~lindquists/qualdsgn.html
PRE EXPERIMENTAL Designs
ohttp://www.umsl.edu/~lindquists/quald
ohttp://health.prenhall.com/nieswiadomy/pdf/NIESWIADOMY10.pdfsgn.html