SOURCE OF CONTAMINATION.pptx
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This document discusses sources of nosocomial or hospital-acquired infections. It identifies human-borne and non-human sources of contamination. Human-borne sources include blood, skin shedding, and respiratory secretions which can transmit infectious agents like HIV, hepatitis, malaria, syphilis, MRSA, VRE, influenza, tuberculosis, and COVID-19. Improper disposal of sharps, blood splashes, cuts and wounds, and blood transfusions can spread infections via blood. Skin shedding and respiratory droplets from coughing, sneezing and talking can contaminate surfaces and equipment.
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- Factors that influence the efficiency of carbon dioxide absorption, such as granule size and minimizing channeling of gases.
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The breathing system delivers gases from the anesthesia machine to the patient's airway. It starts from the fresh gas inlet and ends where gases escape. The circle system uses a circular pathway where exhaled CO2 is removed by an absorbent in the CO2 absorber. Key components include the absorber, unidirectional valves, inspiratory and expiratory ports, fresh gas inlet, Y-piece, APL valve, and breathing tubes. The absorbent, usually sodalime, neutralizes CO2 through an exothermic reaction in the canister. Placement of components and fresh gas flow influences gas flows and absorbent desiccation. The circle system reduces agent use and waste gas exposure while increasing tracheal warmth and
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This document provides an overview of how to plan and manage a radiology and imaging services department. It discusses key considerations such as location, equipment needs, layout, functions and objectives, safety, staffing, and licensing. The department should be easily accessible and located near other clinical areas. Planning involves identifying needs and whether it will be part of a larger hospital or standalone. Equipment may include X-ray, CT, MRI, ultrasound, mammography, and more. Layout should optimize workflow. Functions are to provide high quality diagnostic and therapeutic radiology services as well as research. Staffing depends on workload and services provided. Proper licensing and safety protocols are required.
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This document provides an overview of organizational behaviour. It defines organizational behaviour as the study and application of knowledge about how people act as individuals or in groups within organizations. It discusses key topics in organizational behaviour including individual personality and the major theories of personality, including trait, psychoanalytic, social learning, and self theories. The document also outlines the levels of analysis in organizational behaviour including individual, group, and organizational levels.
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SOURCE OF CONTAMINATION.pptx
- 1. HUMAN-BORNE & NON HUMAN-BORNE SOURCE OF CONTAMINATION
- 2. CONTENTS • INTRODUCTION • SOURCE OF INFECTION • HUMAN-BORNE SOURCE OF CONTAMINATION • NON HUMAN-BORNE SOURCE OF CONTAMINATION
- 3. INTRODUCTION NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION: A NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION, ALSO KNOWN AS A HOSPITAL- ACQUIRED INFECTION (HAI), IS AN INFECTION THAT IS ACQUIRED DURING A HOSPITAL STAY.
- 4. SOURCE OF INFECTION SOURCE OF INFECTION IS CLASSIFIED INTO 2 TYPES THAT IS , 1) ENDOGENOUS SOURCE 2) EXOGENOUS SOURCE
- 5. 1. ENDOGENOUS SOURCE: THESE ARE INFECTIONS CAUSED NORMALLY BY THE BACTERIAL FLORA PRESENT IN HUMAN BODY. 2. EXOGENOUS SOURCE : THESE ARE INFECTIONS CAUSED FROM ENVIRONMENT THAT IS OUTSIDE THE BODY. IT HAS 2 TYPES :- A) LIVING SOURCE & B) NON-LIVING SOURCE
- 6. HUMAN-BORNE SOURCE OF CONTAMINATION 1. BLOOD: BLOOD CAN BE HUMAN-BORNE SOURCE OF CONTAMINATION BECAUSE IT CAN POTENTIALLY CARRY VARIOUS INFECTIOUS AGENTS SUCH AS VIRUS , BACTERIA AND PARASITES. • IT CAN TRANSFER THE INFECTIOUS AGENTS FROM ONE PERSON TO ANOTHER PERSON EITHER DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY.
- 7. DISEASES 1. HIV 2. HEP-B 3. HEP-C 4. MALARIA 5. SYPHILLIS
- 8. SYPHILLIS
- 9. HOW ? 1. IMPROPER DISPOSAL OF SHARPS 2. BLOOD SPLASHES 3. THROUGH ANY CUTS OR WOUNDS 4. BLOOD TRANSFUSIONS
- 10. 2. SKIN SHEDDING IT OCCURS WHEN DEAD SKIN ON THE SURFACE OF SKIN ARE SHED OFF. • IT IS SOURCE OF CONTAMINATION BECAUSE IT CONTAINS HIGH NUMBER OF MICROORGANISMS.
- 12. DISEASES •MRSA ( METHICILLIN RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCUS AUREUS ) • VANCOMYCIN RESISTANCE ENTEEOCOCCI (VRE)
- 13. 3. RESPIRATORY SECRETIONS COUGHING, SNEEZING & TALKING CAN RELEASE RESPIRATORY DROPLETS THAT CONTAINS MICROORGANISMS. THESE DROPLETS CAN CONTAMINATE SURFACES & EQUIPMENT IN THE OPERATING THEATRE.