1. Sound is composed of compression and rarefaction waves that the human ear can detect. Sound waves carry energy and are longitudinal waves that propagate through solids, liquids, and gases.
2. The human ear detects sound waves through the vibration of the ear drum and conversion to nerve impulses in the cochlea. Vocal sounds are primarily produced by the vibration of the vocal cords in the larynx and are modified by air cavities in the throat, mouth, and nasal region.
3. The properties of sound waves include pitch (determined by frequency), loudness (determined by amplitude), and timbre (tone quality). Sound waves can be reflected, refracted, diffracted
Anything that moves back and forth makes sound. Moving back and forth is called vibrating. Pluck a guitar string and watch it vibrate back and forth. The vibrations make sound waves.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
11. Propagation of sound
Medium
-Material that sound
waves can travel
through.
-It can travel through
solids, liquids and
gases but not through a
vacuum.
13. Just like all longitudinal
(compression)waves, sound
Waves possess a velocity,
frequency, wavelength,
phase, period, and amplitude.
Sound waves also reflect,
refract, diffract, and interfere.
16. 1. PITCH
-highness or lowness of a
sound.
a. FREQUENCY
-number of sound waves
that passes through a point
in a certain amount of time,
such as one second.
-the greater the frequency,
the higher the pitch.
Hertz (Hz)- unit to measure
frequency and pitch
17. Audio frequency range
-Frequency ranging 20 Hz to 20 000 Hz
-Sounds that human ear can hear is an
example.
INFRASONICS
-Frequency below 20 Hz.
18. 2. LOUDNESS or intensity
-description of how high or
low the sound seems to a
person
-determined mainly by the
amplitude of the sound
wave
a. Decibel (dB)- unit used to
measure sound intensity or
loudness.
19. LOUDNESS OF SOUND IN DECIBELS
Sound Loudness (dbs) Hearing
Damage
Average Home 40-50
Loud Music 90-100 After long
exposure
Rock Concert 115-120 Progressive
Jet Engine 120-170 Pain
20. Threshold of
hearing
-sound of the
quietest sound
that can be
heard under
ideal conditions
is 0 dB.
Threshold of
Pain
- Sound level of
120 dB which
can pain and
damage to the
ears.
21. The human ear relates
amplitude to
loudness
and
frequency to
pitch.
22. 3. TIMBRE
-tone color or tone quality
-used to distinguished
between two different
sounds that have the same
pitch and loudness
- It helps to identify what
produced the sound
2 Different waveforms
1. Pure tone- simplest wave
form, it has a soft,
pleasant tone quality
and sinusoidal
2. Complex tone- nearly
sinusoidal
23. A. Speed of Sound
Depends on:
1. Type of medium
-travels better through liquids and
solids and gas
can’t travel through a vacuum.
2. Temperature of medium
-travels faster at higher
temperature.
3. Density
-sound moves well through dense
materials.
4. Elasticity
-sound waves move fast through
elastic materials
24. B. DOPPLER EFFECT
Doppler Effect
change in wave frequency
caused by a moving wave
source
moving toward you -
pitch sounds higher
moving away from you -
pitch sounds lower
25. A. Refraction of sound
-change in direction,
as the wave moves
from one medium to
another
- It bends or refracts
as they move
through air.
30. 2 types
Constructive interference
-the sound waves arrive at
the same time and phase
Destructive interference
-waves arrive at interval
and are out of phase
31. * Fact *
D. Resonance
- the inducing
of vibrations of a natural
rate by a vibrating source
having the same frequency
32. A. Characteristics of musical sounds
Note- basic element of music
1. Pitch- highness or lowness of
the note
2. Intensity- loudness of the note
3. Rhythm- repeating pattern of
beats and it keeps the time to
the music
4. Melody- series of pitches
5. Harmony- three or more notes
played together.
33. * Fact *
Noise- unwanted sound
and a subtle pollutant
which can threaten the
Health or well being of
an individual.
34. CLASSIFICATION OF INSTRUMENTS
A. Stringed instruments
- Produce a tone when their strings
vibrated.
B. Wind instruments
-contain a column of air that vibrates when
air is blown to the instrument
C. Percussion instruments
-produce sound when they are struck