Sound and hearing
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Sound waves travel at different speeds depending on the medium, with the fastest in solids like steel and slowest in gases like air. The properties of sound waves include speed, intensity and loudness, frequency and pitch, and timber or quality. Intensity depends on amplitude and distance from the source, and is measured in decibels. Frequency determines pitch, with higher frequencies being higher pitched. The ear has an outer, middle, and inner section that detects sound waves and sends signals to the brain.
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Intensity determines loudness - a sound wave with higher amplitude and energy is louder. Frequency determines pitch - a higher frequency wave is higher in pitch, while a lower frequency wave is lower in pitch. Intensity is measured in watts per meter squared and describes the energy of a sound wave. Loudness is how intense a sound is perceived by humans. Frequency is measured in Hertz and refers to the number of vibrations per second. Pitch is a description of how high or low a sound seems.
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Sound is a form of energy that is produced when air molecules vibrate and move in patterns called sound waves. It is a longitudinal wave that needs a medium such as air, water or other matter to travel through. Sound allows for complex communication through speech, listening to obtain information, and enjoyment of music. It travels faster in solids due to their elasticity and density, and travels slower in gases. The speed of sound depends on the properties of the transmitting medium, including elasticity, density and temperature.
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Sound is produced by vibrations that travel in waves through a medium such as air. Sound waves are longitudinal waves that cause compressions and rarefactions as they propagate. The pitch of a sound depends on its frequency, with higher frequencies producing higher pitches. Loudness depends on factors like the amplitude of vibrations and the area and distance from the vibrating source. Humans can hear sounds between 20-20,000 Hz but ultrasound with frequencies above 20,000 Hz has many medical and industrial uses.
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Sound waves can reflect, refract, diffract, and interfere. Reflection is when sound waves bounce off surfaces, which can cause echoes. Refraction causes sound waves to bend as they enter different mediums. Diffraction is when waves spread out or bend around obstacles. Interference occurs when two sounds waves meet and their effects combine, which can result in constructive or destructive interference. Resonance is when one vibrating object forces another object to vibrate at the same frequency, amplifying the sound. The Doppler effect changes the perceived frequency of a sound wave based on whether the source is approaching or receding from the observer.
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Sound waves can reflect, refract, diffract, and interfere. Reflection is when sound waves bounce off surfaces, which can cause echoes. Refraction causes sound waves to bend as they enter different mediums. Diffraction is when waves spread out or bend around obstacles. Interference occurs when two sounds waves meet and their effects combine, which can result in constructive or destructive interference. Resonance is when one vibrating object forces another object to vibrate at the same frequency, amplifying the sound. The Doppler effect changes the perceived frequency of a sound wave based on whether the source is approaching or receding from the observer.
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1) Sound is produced by vibrations that create longitudinal waves which propagate through a medium and are detected by the human ear. The vibration of matter sets the air molecules in motion which transfers energy.
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Sound is a longitudinal wave that travels through a medium by causing compressions and rarefactions through particle vibration, without moving the medium itself. It can travel through air, solids, and liquids and its properties depend on factors like the elasticity, density, and temperature of the particular medium. When sound waves bounce off an object, it is called an echo, and sound can diffract through openings and around corners, with waves potentially interacting through constructive or destructive interference.
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This document discusses sound and waves. It defines sound as a form of energy produced by vibrating matter that travels in longitudinal waves. Sound travels faster through solids than liquids or gases because particles are closer together, allowing energy to transfer more quickly. The speed of sound varies based on the medium, from 331 m/s in air to over 12,000 m/s in diamond. Wavelength and frequency are also discussed, with frequency determining pitch and measured in Hertz. The human ear can detect sounds from 20-20,000 Hz. Amplitude determines loudness, which is measured in decibels. Musical instruments produce sound through vibrating materials like air, strings, or surfaces. Other types of waves include transverse, electromagnetic
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The document discusses the physics of sound. It defines sound as a pressure wave that travels faster through solids than liquids or gases. Sound waves are longitudinal waves that create compressions and rarefactions. The key characteristics of a sound wave are its frequency, amplitude, wavelength, and speed. Frequency is measured in Hertz and determines the pitch of a sound. Amplitude determines loudness. Wavelength is the distance between compressions or rarefactions. Sound waves can be reflected, transmitted, absorbed, or cause diffraction or reverberation when interacting with surfaces. The range of normal human hearing is between 20-20,000 Hz. Different materials are used to absorb sound like porous absorbers, panel absorbers, and resonators
Presentation of sound unit 10
1) Sound is a form of energy that travels in waves and more quickly through solids than liquids or gases. There are two main types of sound - musical sounds produced by regular vibrations and noise sounds from irregular vibrations.
2) The ear takes in sound waves and converts them to signals sent to the brain. Sound waves move through three parts of the ear - the outer, middle, and inner ear.
3) Pitch depends on the frequency of a sound wave, with a higher pitch associated with a higher frequency and shorter wavelength. Musical instruments can be played at different pitches by changing the lengths or thicknesses of their parts.
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Sound and hearing
- 2. Properties of Sound Waves • What type of waves are sound waves?
- 3. Properties Sounds behave in certain ways because of the properties of sound waves. Some properties are: • Speed • Intensity & Loudness • Frequency & Pitch • Timber or quality
- 4. Speed • Speed of sound = 331 m/s • Sound speed varies, depending on medium – Travel fastest in solids, slowest in gases – Travel fastest in the most dense media – Speed of Sound animation
- 5. Speed of sound in different materials Materials Air (0 ͦ C) He (0 ͦ C) H (20 ͦ C) Water Seawater Iron and Steel Aluminum Hard wood Speed of Sound (m/s) • 331 • 1005 • 1300 • 1440 • 1560 • 5000 • 5100 • 4000
- 6. Intensity • Intensity: the rate at which a wave’s energy flows through an area • Sound intensity depends on – Amplitude – Distance from source • Measured in decibels (dB)
- 8. Source of sound Level (dB) Jet engine, 30 m away 140 Threshold of pain 120 Amplified rock music 115 Old subway train 100 Average factory 90 Busy street traffic 70 Normal conversation 60 Library 40 Close whisper 20 Normal breathing 10 Threshold of hearing 0
- 9. Loudness • Subjective! (This means it depends on the person who is hearing it.) • Loudness is a personal, physical response to the intensity of sound. • As intensity increases, so does loudness, but loudness also depends on the listener’s ears and brain.
- 11. Frequency & Pitch • Frequency of a sound wave depends on how fast the source of the sound is vibrating. • Pitch is how we hear frequency of sound waves • Pitch depends on frequency…high frequency sounds are high pitched, and low frequency sounds are low pitched. • Pitch also depends on age and health
- 13. Timber color or tone quality-used to distinguished between two different sounds that have the same pitch and loudness
- 14. The Doppler Effect • Where have you heard of the term “Doppler”? • Doppler Effect: a change in sound frequency (pitch) caused by the motion of the sound source, the listener, or both • Why do we observe this? • Doppler Effect animation
- 15. • Refraction of sound-change in direction, as the wave moves from one medium to another- It bends or refracts as they move through air. • Sound waves refract.
- 16. • Reflection of sound • Echo- reflected sound - it is what you heard shortly after the original • Diffraction of Sound- Sound waves bend or diffract around corners or barriers like doors and walls.
- 17. • waves overlapping are the result of two or more sound INTERFERENCE. 2 types • Constructive interference-the sound waves arrive at the same time and phase • Destructive interference-waves arrive at interval and are out of phase
- 18. • Resonance - the inducing of vibrations of a natural rate by a vibrating source having the same frequency.
- 19. Hearing and the Ear • Your ear has a membrane that vibrates when sound waves hit it…what is this membrane?
- 20. Hearing & the Ear Ear consists of 3 main parts • Outer Ear – gathers and focuses sound • Middle Ear – receives and amplifies vibrations • Inner Ear – uses nerve endings to sense vibrations and send signals to the brain
- 22. • Most people hear sounds between 20 and 20,000 Hz. – Infrasound – sound at frequencies lower than people usually hear – Ultrasound – sound at frequencies higher than people usually hear • Used in technologies such as sonar and ultrasound imaging
- 23. • Sonar – a technique used to determine the distance to an object under water. • Ultrasound – medical technique used to take pictures of different organs (or a fetus!)
- 25. I HOPE YOU LIKE !!! <3