Sound
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This PPt is about the topic of sound Topic: Reflection of Sound Echo Audible and Inaudible sound Ultrasonic and Infrasonic Soundboard
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Reflection Of Sound Part 2
The document discusses several topics related to sound:
1. Reflection of sound follows the same laws as light reflection, with the incident, reflected, and normal waves lying in the same plane. Echoes are produced by sound reflections off large, hard, smooth surfaces.
2. Reverberation occurs when the original and reflected sounds are so close in time that they cannot be heard separately, making the sound seem prolonged.
3. Applications of echoes include locating submarines, fish shoals, and sunken objects underwater through echolocation.
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Sound
What is Sound?
Frequency and pitch of sound
Speed of sound
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What is resonance?
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Sound is produced by vibrations that travel as sound waves through a medium such as air or water. When these vibrations reach the ear, they are interpreted by the brain as sound. Sound waves are caused by the vibrations of objects and consist of areas of high and low pressure called compressions and rarefactions. Sound can reflect off surfaces, and the reflection of sound follows the laws of reflection where the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection. Reflections of sound cause echoes and reverberation. The human ear can detect sounds between 20 Hz to 20 kHz, known as the audible range. Ultrasound refers to sounds above this range and infrasound refers to sounds below. Ultrasound has many applications including
Sound
This document discusses various topics related to sound waves including:
1. Sound waves are caused by vibration sources like vibrating guitar strings or air inside a trumpet. Sound waves are longitudinal waves that cause compressions and rarefactions in the transmitting medium like air.
2. The approximate range of audible frequencies for humans is 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz. Ultrasound has frequencies above this range and is used in medical diagnosis.
3. A medium is required to transmit sound waves as compressions and rarefactions can only form if the medium can be compressed and stretched. Sound cannot propagate through a vacuum.
The summary covers the key topics and main points discussed in the document in 3 sentences
Physics seminar
The physics seminar covered the range of human hearing and applications of ultrasound. It discussed how the normal human hearing range is 20 Hz to 20 kHz, but children and some animals can hear higher frequencies. It then covered several medical and industrial uses of ultrasound, including ultrasonic cleaning, humidification, welding, and medical applications like detecting flaws, destroying kidney stones and cataracts, and ultrasound imaging of fetuses.
Sound
Sound is a form of energy that is produced by vibrating sources placed in a medium like solids, liquids, or gases. It travels as a longitudinal wave and can be transmitted through any medium whose particles can vibrate, with solids transmitting sound the fastest. The speed of sound is affected by temperature and humidity but not pressure. It can be measured directly by having two observers time the delay between a sound and its perception. The human ear can detect sounds between 20 Hz and 20 kHz with anything higher or lower being considered ultrasound or infrasound, respectively. Ultrasound has medical imaging applications while echoes and reverberations are used for detection purposes by various organisms and technologies. Pitch and loudness describe frequency and amplitude of sound
Sound
Sound is produced by vibrations traveling through a medium such as air, water or solid materials. It is created by vibrating objects like strings, air columns, membranes or plates. Humans produce sound through the vocal cords in the voice box or larynx. The larynx contains vocal cords that vibrate when air passes through from the lungs, producing sound. Sound travels through solids, liquids and gases by particles in those substances vibrating and transferring that vibration. The speed of sound varies based on the medium, being fastest in solids like steel.
Sound
Sound waves are produced by the vibration of molecules and transmitted through matter as longitudinal waves, traveling faster in solids than liquids or gases due to the closer proximity of molecules. Sound travels as waves that can be reflected, refracted, or absorbed by various media; the velocity depends on the density and elasticity of the material. The human ear detects sound waves through the vibration of the eardrum and conversion to neural signals by specialized structures in the inner ear that are transmitted to the brain for interpretation.
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Reflection Of Sound Part 2
The document discusses several topics related to sound:
1. Reflection of sound follows the same laws as light reflection, with the incident, reflected, and normal waves lying in the same plane. Echoes are produced by sound reflections off large, hard, smooth surfaces.
2. Reverberation occurs when the original and reflected sounds are so close in time that they cannot be heard separately, making the sound seem prolonged.
3. Applications of echoes include locating submarines, fish shoals, and sunken objects underwater through echolocation.
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What is Sound?
Frequency and pitch of sound
Speed of sound
What is sound intensity?
What is resonance?
Ultrasound and infrasonic
Sound
Sound is produced by vibrations that travel as sound waves through a medium such as air or water. When these vibrations reach the ear, they are interpreted by the brain as sound. Sound waves are caused by the vibrations of objects and consist of areas of high and low pressure called compressions and rarefactions. Sound can reflect off surfaces, and the reflection of sound follows the laws of reflection where the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection. Reflections of sound cause echoes and reverberation. The human ear can detect sounds between 20 Hz to 20 kHz, known as the audible range. Ultrasound refers to sounds above this range and infrasound refers to sounds below. Ultrasound has many applications including
Sound
This document discusses various topics related to sound waves including:
1. Sound waves are caused by vibration sources like vibrating guitar strings or air inside a trumpet. Sound waves are longitudinal waves that cause compressions and rarefactions in the transmitting medium like air.
2. The approximate range of audible frequencies for humans is 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz. Ultrasound has frequencies above this range and is used in medical diagnosis.
3. A medium is required to transmit sound waves as compressions and rarefactions can only form if the medium can be compressed and stretched. Sound cannot propagate through a vacuum.
The summary covers the key topics and main points discussed in the document in 3 sentences
Physics seminar
The physics seminar covered the range of human hearing and applications of ultrasound. It discussed how the normal human hearing range is 20 Hz to 20 kHz, but children and some animals can hear higher frequencies. It then covered several medical and industrial uses of ultrasound, including ultrasonic cleaning, humidification, welding, and medical applications like detecting flaws, destroying kidney stones and cataracts, and ultrasound imaging of fetuses.
Sound
Sound is a form of energy that is produced by vibrating sources placed in a medium like solids, liquids, or gases. It travels as a longitudinal wave and can be transmitted through any medium whose particles can vibrate, with solids transmitting sound the fastest. The speed of sound is affected by temperature and humidity but not pressure. It can be measured directly by having two observers time the delay between a sound and its perception. The human ear can detect sounds between 20 Hz and 20 kHz with anything higher or lower being considered ultrasound or infrasound, respectively. Ultrasound has medical imaging applications while echoes and reverberations are used for detection purposes by various organisms and technologies. Pitch and loudness describe frequency and amplitude of sound
Sound
Sound is produced by vibrations traveling through a medium such as air, water or solid materials. It is created by vibrating objects like strings, air columns, membranes or plates. Humans produce sound through the vocal cords in the voice box or larynx. The larynx contains vocal cords that vibrate when air passes through from the lungs, producing sound. Sound travels through solids, liquids and gases by particles in those substances vibrating and transferring that vibration. The speed of sound varies based on the medium, being fastest in solids like steel.
Sound
Sound waves are produced by the vibration of molecules and transmitted through matter as longitudinal waves, traveling faster in solids than liquids or gases due to the closer proximity of molecules. Sound travels as waves that can be reflected, refracted, or absorbed by various media; the velocity depends on the density and elasticity of the material. The human ear detects sound waves through the vibration of the eardrum and conversion to neural signals by specialized structures in the inner ear that are transmitted to the brain for interpretation.
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Sound is caused by vibration and requires a medium to travel. It can be characterized by frequency, speed, and amplitude, which determines loudness. Compression and rarefaction of the transmission medium produce waves. Wavelength is the distance between compressions or rarefactions. Different media allow sound to travel at different speeds. Sounds below 20 Hz are infrasonic, between 20 Hz and 20 kHz are audible or sonic, and above 20 kHz are ultrasonic. Ultrasonic sounds have many useful applications like sonography. Musical instruments are classified as stringed, wind, or percussion based on how they produce vibrations. Pleasant sounds are considered music while unpleasant sounds cause noise pollution.
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Sound can be summarized in 3 sentences:
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The document discusses sound and its characteristics. It lists the members of group CONVETTI 8-3 as Annisa, Fadhil, Reyhan, Priska, and Rafi. It defines sound as a product of an oscillating object that can propagate through a medium as a mechanical wave. It provides examples of sound sources and discusses how loudness depends on amplitude, oscillation, and distance. The medium can be solid, liquid, or gas. It also gives the formula for sound propagation velocity and provides a sample question calculating distance from time and velocity.
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Vibration produces sound waves that propagate as longitudinal waves through a medium such as air. When an object vibrates, it causes disturbances in the surrounding air particles that move away as a sound wave. Sound waves travel through air and other media by particles colliding and vibrating in the direction of propagation. Sound is generated by various means including plucking, striking, rubbing and blowing objects, and is detected when the sound waves reach the ear.
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Sound is a mechanical wave that transfers energy through vibrations that can be heard by humans. Sound waves travel outward from a vibrating source and are transmitted through solids, liquids, or gases by compressing and rarefying particles. Without a vibrating source and the transfer of energy, there would be no sound. Sound waves can be classified as infrasonic, audible, or ultrasonic based on their frequency.
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Sound is produced by vibrating objects and travels as compressional waves through a medium such as air, which are sensed by the human ear. For sound to be produced, three things are required: a vibrating body, a medium such as air, and a receiver like the ear. Sound waves can be recorded and played back by converting vibrations to electrical signals that are stored and then used to recreate the original sound waves. The human ear can detect sounds between frequencies of 20-20,000 Hz.
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1. Sound is produced by vibrations that transfer kinetic energy to air molecules, which are detected by the eardrum.
2. Sound needs a medium to travel and moves fastest through solids and slowest through gases.
3. When sound hits a surface, it can be reflected or absorbed, with hard, smooth surfaces reflecting more sound.
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Sound is caused by vibration and requires a medium to travel. It can be characterized by frequency, speed, and amplitude, which determines loudness. Compression and rarefaction of the transmission medium produce waves. Wavelength is the distance between compressions or rarefactions. Different media allow sound to travel at different speeds. Sounds below 20 Hz are infrasonic, between 20 Hz and 20 kHz are audible or sonic, and above 20 kHz are ultrasonic. Ultrasonic sounds have many useful applications like sonography. Musical instruments are classified as stringed, wind, or percussion based on how they produce vibrations. Pleasant sounds are considered music while unpleasant sounds cause noise pollution.
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Heinrich Hertz's document discusses sound, including its production, propagation through a medium like air, and characteristics as a mechanical wave. It describes experiments showing sound's reflection, reverberation, and need for a medium using a bell jar. The document also covers infrasonic and ultrasonic sounds, uses of ultrasound like SONAR, and the range of human hearing.
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Sound is a mechanical wave that transfers energy through vibrations that can be heard by humans. Sound waves travel outward from a vibrating source and are transmitted through solids, liquids, or gases by compressing and rarefying particles. Without a vibrating source and the transfer of energy, there would be no sound. Sound waves can be classified as infrasonic, audible, or ultrasonic based on their frequency.
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This document discusses the reflection and refraction of sound. It explains that hard surfaces reflect sound waves, creating an echo. The time it takes for an echo to return is used to calculate the distance to the reflecting surface. Sound travels at different speeds in various materials. Refraction occurs when sound waves travel from one medium to another, such as underwater. The document also covers pitch, frequency, amplitude, and loudness of sound waves. It describes how ultrasound, which is above the human hearing range, has various uses such as metal testing and medical scanning.
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Sound is produced by vibration and requires a medium like air, water or solid material to propagate. When a vibrating source produces sound waves, the medium's particles vibrate in compressions and rarefactions that transfer energy as the wave moves. Characteristics of waves include amplitude, wavelength, frequency and velocity. The human range of hearing is 20-20,000 Hz but ultrasound above 20 kHz and infrasound below 20 Hz also exist and have applications like echolocation and earthquake detection.
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Sound is a form of energy that travels in waves from a vibrating object. It can travel through solids, liquids, and gases in the form of compression waves. The ear detects sound waves and transmits signals to the brain. Properties of sound waves include frequency, wavelength, amplitude, and pitch. The speed of sound depends on the medium and temperature, being fastest in solids and slowest in gases. Reflection and refraction of sound waves results in phenomena like echoes and resonance. Doppler effect changes the perceived frequency of a sound based on the motion of its source.
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Sound is produced by vibrating objects and travels as compressional waves through a medium such as air, which are sensed by the human ear. For sound to be produced, three things are required: a vibrating body, a medium such as air, and a receiver like the ear. Sound waves can be recorded and played back by converting vibrations to electrical signals that are stored and then used to recreate the original sound waves. The human ear can detect sounds between frequencies of 20-20,000 Hz.
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Sound travels as waves and can be reflected. Reflection is when a wave changes direction at an interface between two mediums and returns to its original medium. Sound waves reflect in the same way as light waves, following the laws of reflection where the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection. Devices like loudspeakers, megaphones, and stethoscopes use the reflection of sound waves to direct or transmit sound in a desired way. Ultrasound uses high frequency sound waves and reflection to detect objects underwater or inside the human body. Sonar also uses reflection of sound waves to locate objects underwater by emitting pulses and measuring the echo returns.
Presentation on physics
Sound travels as waves and can be reflected. Reflection is when a wave changes direction at an interface between two mediums and returns to its original medium. Sound waves reflect in the same way as light waves, following the laws of reflection where the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection. Devices like loudspeakers, megaphones, and stethoscopes use the reflection of sound waves to direct or transmit sound in a desired way. Ultrasound uses high frequency sound waves and reflection to detect objects underwater or inside the human body. Sonar also uses reflection of sound waves to locate objects underwater by emitting pulses and measuring the echo returns.
Chapter - 13, Sound, Science, Class 8
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Chapter - 13, Sound, Science, Class 8
WHAT IS SOUND?
INTRODUCTION TO SOUND
SOUND-PRODUCING MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
SOUND PROPERTIES
HOW DO HUMANS PRODUCE SOUND?
HOW SOUND PROPAGATE IN A MEDIUM?
SOUNDS BY HUMANS
THERE ARE THREE MAJOR PARTS OF THE HUMAN EAR
AMPLITUDE, TIME PERIOD, AND FREQUENCY
THE LOUDNESS OF A SOUND
PITCH OF THE SOUND
AUDIBLE AND INAUDIBLE SOUNDS
NOISE AND MUSIC
NOISE POLLUTION
CAUSES OF NOISE POLLUTION
EFFECTS OF NOISE POLLUTION
PREVENTION OF NOISE POLLUTION
Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics.
By Shivam Parmar (Entrepreneur)
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Sound
- 2. REFLECTION OF SOUND • Law 1 : The incident ray of sound, the normal at the point of incidence and the reflected ray of sound all lie in the same plane. • Law 2 : Angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection
- 3. ECHO • When we shout near a mountain, we will hear the same sound again and again with small time interval gaps. This is called an echo. Echoes may be heard more than once due to successive or multiple reflections
- 4. MORE ABOUT ECHO The sensation of any sound persist in our ear for about 0.1 s The speed of sound in air at 22 degrees is 344m/s Therefore, Distance = Speed * Time 344m/s * 0.1 s = 34.4m
- 5. REVERBERATION •The sound will persist for a very long time due to this multiple reflections. The repeated reflection that results in this persistence of sound is called reverberation.
- 6. APPLICATION • Some musical instruments have a tube followed by a conical opening. This architecture helps to reflect sound again and again such that most of the sound waves move in the forward direction. Eg: Horn, Trumpets, Loud speakers etc • Stethoscope is used by a doctor to hear the patient's heart beat. The sound from the heart reaches the ear of the doctor by multiple reflections as shown.
- 7. SOUNDBOARD • These are basically curved surfaces which are placed in a manner so that the sound source stays at the focus. In a soundboard, the sound waves are uniformly reflected. It can happen in an auditorium or hall, thus improving their quality.
- 8. AUDIBLE AND INAUDIBLE SOUND• When an object vibrates at least 20- 20000 times, the sound wave produced is Audible. The sensation of hearing cause by the energy of this wave is Audible sound • When an object vibrates less than or above 20-20000 times respectively, the sound wave produced is Inaudible. The sensation of hearing cause by the energy of this wave is Inaudible sound
- 9. AUDIBLE SOUND The human ear can easily detect frequencies between 20 Hz and 20 KHz. Hence sound waves with frequency ranging from 20 Hz to 20 KHz is known are audible sound. As we grow older and are exposed to sound for longer period of time, our ears get damaged and the upper limit of audible frequencies decreases. For a normal middle-aged adult person, the highest frequency which they can hear clearly is 12-14 kilohertz.
- 10. INAUDIBLE SOUNDS Human ear cannot detect sound frequencies less than 20 vibrations per second i.e. 20 Hz. So any sound below this frequency will be inaudible sound for humans. In the high-frequency range, the human ear cannot detect frequencies above 20000 vibrations per second (20 KHz) The low-frequency sound which human ear cannot detect are also known as infrasonic sound. Whereas the higher range inaudible frequency are also known as ultrasonic sound.
- 11. INAUDIBLE SOUNDS • INFRASONIC -Sound waves having frequencies below 20hz are Infrasonic which cannot be heard -Whales and Elephant produces infrasonic sounds • Ultrasonic -Sound waves which have frequencies higher that 20Khz which Ultrasonic waves. -Bats produce Ultrasonic waves
- 12. ULTRASONIC WAVES-MEDICAL APPLICATION • Ultrasonography are very commonly used to get images of internal body organs such as liver, kidney, uterus. It helps the doctor to diagnose and treat problems in the body of the patient. • Ultrasonography is used to observe the growth of the fetus inside the uterus. It can also use to monitor the abnormalities. • It is used to break kidney stones into fine grains which later get flushed out through urine.
- 13. INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION • Ultrasound is used to clean machine parts located in places which are not easily accessible - electronic components, internal parts, spiral parts etc. • It is used to detect defects, flaws, cracks in machine parts, bridges, building etc. Ultrasound waves are passed at one end and monitored using detectors. If there are laws or cracks, then the ultrasound waves are reflected back indicating the presence of a defect.
- 14. SONAR (SOUND NAVIGATION AND RANGING) • SONAR is a device that uses ultrasonic waves to measure distances which are practically impossible to measure - depth of ocean, distance and direction of underwater objects. • SONAR comprises of a ultrasound transmitter and detector fitted in a ship. • The transmitter produces ultrasound waves which travel, hit the bottom of the ocean(or any object) and return back and are detected.