I hope this presentation extremely helpful to know about sono chemistry, its Application and advantages with future scope .

1. SONOCHEMISTRY
NAME – PRITIKANTA MISHRA
ROLL NO. - 20PGCH005
BRANCH - M.SC. CHEMISTRY

2. CONTENT
1. SONOCHEMISTRY
2. HOW REACTION OCCURS BY APPLICATION OF
SOUND?
3. SONOLUMINESCENCE
4. SONOCHEMICAL METHODS
5. SONOCHEMICAL REACTION
6. SONOELECTROCHEMISTRY
7. APPLICATIONS OF SONOCHEMISTRY
8. ADVANTAGES OF SONOCHEMISTRY
9. FUTURE SCOPE

3. WHAT IS SONOCHEMISTRY
1. Sonochemistry is a branch of chemistry which deal
with effects of ultrasound on chemical activity of a
reaction mixture.
2. Ultrasound typically in the range of 20-40 khz is
used in sonochemical synthesis.
3. The chemical effects caused by ultrasound are
mainly because of the cavitation effects.
4. the processes involved in acoustic cavitation are:
I. NUCLEATION.
II. BUBBLE GROWTH.
III. IMPLOSION.

4. HOW REACTION OCCURS BY
APPLICATION OF SOUND?
1. When ultrasound applied to solution they give
arises to acoustic cavitation (the formation of
implosive bubbles in a liquid.)
2. They collapse each other there by resulting in the
massive energy inside the bubble, here extremely
high temperatures (around 5000 k) and pressures
(1000 atm) in a microscopic region of the liquid.
3. The high temperatures and pressures result in the
chemical excitation of any matter within or very
near the bubble as it rapidly implodes.

5. 4. A broad variety of outcomes can result from acoustic
cavitation including sonoluminescence.

6. SONOLUMINESCENCE
1. The emission of light by various liquids when traversed by high-
frequency sound or ultrasonic waves of suitable intensity.
2. Sonoluminescence can occur when a sound wave of sufficient intensity
induces a gaseous cavity within a liquid to collapse quickly

7. SONOCHEMICAL METHODS
The sonochemical principles are used in:
1. High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU)
 A non-invasive, continuous technique which works on lower frequency and
makes use of the cavitation phenomena to ablate the unwanted
tissues/tumours in the body
2. Acoustic cavitation (probe sonicator and bath sonicator).
 In short it refers to nucleation, growth and collapse of bubble under
acoustic waves developing local temp. and high pressure.
 It is carried out either by using a probe type ultrasonic homogenizer or an
ultrasonic bath.
 The desired effects from the ultra-sonication of liquids – including
homogenization, dispersing, de agglomeration, milling, emulsification,
extraction, lysis, disintegration.

8. Ultrasonic
Homogenizer

9. SONOCHEMICAL REACTION
1. Sonochemical synthesis is the process which utilizes the
principles of sonochemistry to make molecules undergo a
chemical reaction with the application of powerful
ultrasound radiation
2. There are three classes of sonochemical reaction
Homogeneous reaction following radical mechanism
Heterogeneous reaction following ionic mechanism
Heterogeneous reaction following both radical and ionic
mechanism

10. SONOELECTROCHEMISTRY
1. Sonoelectrochemistry is the study of the effects and
applications of ultrasonic waves on electrochemical processes.
2. The integration of ultrasound and electrochemistry offers
many advantages: fast reaction rates, enhanced surface
activation, and increased mass transport at an electrode.
3. Sonoelectrochemical techniques generally used for the synthesis
of energy related materials
(e.g., fuel cell electrocatalysts and
materials for hydrogen production)
and for the degradation of various
organic compounds/pollutants.

11. APPLICATIONS OF SONOCHEMISTRY
• Sonochemistry has been used for synthesis of composites for energy storage
applications like:
• Ultrasound assisted synthesis has been used for preparation fuel cell and
electrodes.
• Recent stretchable super capacitors possessing excellent electrical and
mechanical qualities.
• Sonoporation: enhancement in permeation due to acoustic cavitation and
thus used for modifying the permeability of cell plasma membrane.
• Sonolysis: application in purifying water because of formation of reactive
species when ultrasound reacts with water.
• Primary, binary, ternary nano composites which gave good specific
capacitance, power density, energy density and cyclic stability applicable
for electrode material in super capacitors.

12. ULTRASONIC CLEANING PROCESS

13. ADVANTAGES OF SONOCHEMISTRY
1. Ultrasound assisted synthesis aids in preparation of
uniformly distributed and uniformly sized
nanocomposites in short time and utilizing less
energy.
2. High reaction rates can be achieved using
sonochemistry, resulting in time efficient synthesis.
3. Enhanced properties were observed in the field of
kinetics, selectivity, extraction, dissolution,
filtration, crystallinity.
4. It is environment friendly.

14. FUTURE SCOPE
1. With the increasing technological advancement, the
cost of sonicator/ultrasound equipment has
significantly come down. as a result, extensive
research can been carried out.
2. Biomaterials, catalysis, drug delivery and
nanomaterial synthesis is trending research topic
now.
3. Recently, ultrasound irradiation were used for
biodiesel production from castor seeds.
4. Experimenting the synthesis of thermal-sensitive
droplets for ultrasound imaging and drug delivery.
5. At current pace, ultrasound is going to open new
avenues of research and applications.