1) Solid waste management in Vavuniya, Sri Lanka has become increasingly important due to rapid urbanization and population growth. The Urban Council of Vavuniya works to manage household, industrial, medical and other solid wastes. 2) Wastes are collected and either composted or dumped openly. Composting involves segregating degradable and non-degradable materials and creating layered stacks that are turned for 6 months to produce compost. 3) Open dumping occurs 14km from the city and causes environmental issues like pollution, disease spread, and impacts to local wildlife and livestock. The system faces challenges like insufficient collection, aging equipment, and lack of proper maintenance.

1. Solid Waste Management System in Vavuniya
512 land pollution and solid hazardous waste Management
system
M.Indhujah
PGIS/EN/Msc/MSc/15/07

2. Solid waste Management at Vavuniya.
Abstract
In Vavuniya Region, the accumulation of solid waste has been increased so there is an adverse
effect on our environment due to industrialization, rapid urbanization, increasing population and
poor money allocations for Solid Waste Management (SWM) services. But now a days Urban
Council of Vavuniya is being contributed maximum to protect environment by Solid waste
Management. In this study, the SWM have analyzed. The Site observation and the Recycling,
Reusing methods have been recorded. Initially household SWM, and Market solid wastage and
industrial solid waste, timber solid wastages, hospital solid waste method have been observered.
As the results better SWM system in household level and urbanized level.According to the
services valuation, Vavuniya UC contributes the service to people in solid waste management
and act as to minimize the environmental problem.The Solid waste done by, collection vehicles
is insufficient, collection frequency by the Vavuniya Urban Council varies considerably among
different areas, and open dumping is practiced at a remote site (Pampaimadu; about 14 km from
Vavuniya Town).
Introduction
Vavuniya(80
45’00”N and 800
29’00’’E) is a major connecting district of south, west, and
Northern and Eastern Provinces of Sri Lanka Total population is 171,511.Land area is covered by
1,861Km2
. Vavuniya district consist four sub divisions Vavuniya, Vavuniya South
,VavuniyaNorth, and Vankalacheddikulam.Most significant is of the area has water tank.

3. Early the population is low in 1981 the population was 95,428.at that time the solid waste
management was done by people by people. But now it’s recorded a growing population district
list. It means urbanized well than previous day.
In Vavuniya District Solid wastes are removed in several ways, Such
1. On-Site treatment:-People dump OR burn their Solid waste into their household level.
E.g. Pit dumping, Cage built, heap/pile making.
2. Open Dumping:- solid wastages collected and then removed in a place.
Solid waste Management
Government
Gov.Agencies
Urban Council
PHI
GTZ/WSSP
District Manager
Engineer Assistant
Engineer
Community
Developmen
t Unit
Coordinator
Community
Development Unit
Officer CDO
 Maintenan
ce and
operation
of
transport
fleet
 Collection
of waste
material
 Maintain
the
environme
nt of the
Urban
council
Area
 Creation of the
Solid Wastage
Management
 Technical
Support
&Financial
Control
 Adviser for the
composed
process
 Organize the
meetings
 Conduct the
awareness
programme
 Relationship
between
holders and
community
member
 Impleme
nt the
Solid
Wastage
Manage
ment
 Awarenes
s for the
Public
 Follow up
the
Project

4. Dumbing sites (Pambaimadu)
UC collects20 Metric ton of solid wastage in one places and then transported into the dumbing
this site; Mostly the Solid wastages as Household Solid Waste (SW), Industrial wastages
(specially Saloon, Garments), Hotel wastages, less Agricultural wastages, Constructional
wastages, those are dumped in this area. Anyhow here population density is low than other area
of Vavuniya. So this area is used for as the dumping area.
.
PambaiMadu Dumping area
These transported wastages contain mostly non degradable material,degradable material is sent
to make compost. The removing place of Non degradable Solid Wastages could be seen as a heap
of SW. Then these are burned after four or five days, after the ashes remains in that dump site.

5. Saloon Solid wastage in the dumbing site
Animals such dogs, cats, Rates, and birds are living mostly in this site these depends for their
food.
Painted stock and crows eating the decaying material
Some polythene, plastic and recyclable materials wooden plants parts, is burned here. It’s a
major problem in this solid wastage removing Management system.

6. Clay pots class bottles plastic material are thrown
Dumping Sites

7. Environment impacts of Open Dump Solid wastage
1. Air Pollution (CO2 emitted into the surrounding)
2. Animals (such DOG, Cats, Spoon Bill) Carries the Solid wastage into their mouth and put into
other place.
3. Pathogenic spread
4. Vector Base Disease spread to people whose lives in near area.
5. Leach ate is added to the soil. This leach ate effect the soil condition.
Dumbing Site

8. Make compost
Compost has been effectively done by Urban Council-Vavuniya. There are several method of
composting method.
1. Pit System
2. Heap/pile
3. Cage method
4. Closed barrel/Open Barrel Method
5. Ferro Cement method
Degradable mattes such Market Solid Wastages and Household Solid wastages, Wood wastages
are collected and then segregate by the people who are working in that filed.
The decaying matter such leaves, plant material, grasses, rotten fruits, rotten vegetable, rotten
breads, cereal , used tea powder, egg shell, wood parts, ashes, cow dung, coconut fiber, banana
psudostem leaves. Mainly glasses, metals, clothes, shopping bags, oil grease, Milk, animals flash
or Meat, Newspaper, polythene and plastic cardboard, Bottles, coconut shells are not used for
the compost.
This segregation is done according the quick degradable decaying matter and low degradation
matter. After this segregation these matters are then send to build stack into several layers. This
layered stack is maintained into 6months properly. In that time leachate is collected and then
reused in mixing up with soil. Every twenty days or thirty days the compost layer’s temperature
is measured and also check the moisture level, color such brownish or black. After six months
these layered stalk thickness has been reduced for several centimeter .Veppankulam Solid
Wastage Management is distributed Coconut outer fiber Shells for Companies to use as the
firewood.
It is done by several process.
Make stack using decaying method remove unwanted material

9. Cow Dung mixed Soil Segregate coconut shell
Segregate
Solid wastages are collected
form market, street cow
dungs, and household garbage
Make stack
Filter by partials size
CompostDistribute to public
use
6 months
later
Packed composts ready to sale Drayed decayed material now it is compost
Recycling process

10. Discussion
Vavuniya is a developing District so here Population growth is increasing day by day and also
industrialization is increasing by days. As the growth of this urbanization Wastages and pollution are
doubling. In order to that District secretarial, UC, Community Developing Centers are trying to minimize
the environmental problem by the proper clean system.
Hospital wastages are burned or removed separately. But some private channeling centers in Vavuniya
they use to remove the wastages in dumping site.
Anyhow there are some factors which cause for environmental problem. UC states that the labor
demand is the main problem to withstand the system. People they don’t like to work in this field.
Machinery demand: - In early days recycling process had been successfully done. But now a
day the machinery has damaged.so composting has been done manually. The wood parts are
burned and eliminated because wood crusher is not working properly.
Hospital wastages
Working condition of the shredder machine (3years
back)
Damaged Condition

11. 2. In the urban Council recycling center have only 2 machines for crush the plastic solid wastage.
Crushed plastic materials are imported to Colombo
3.Open Dump sites are not properly maintained.
Two Machines are in working Condition
Near site dumping

12. 4.Open dump sites (surrounding places) are covered by grasses so, poor people they allow cows
and bulls to allow grassing the grass land. So the animals are highly affected.
wastewater treatment plant.
Conclusion
Educate to segregate solid wastage properly to the labor, which will make to maintain the solid waste
management properly. Some program which is improving the Solid waste management by the UC, but it
should be the regular basis, without break.
Recycle management can be done properly, but Machinery and equipment is insufficient to do the
work effectively. Money allocation should be essential for the future action.
Make aware to people and encourages which is done by the UC, but it is continuously done, and regular
monitoring is good for this management. In order to this site observing, Vavuniya is actively working for
the Solid wastage Management. But with increasing population of Vavuniya more improvement is
essential.
Reference
http://www.statistics.gov.lk/PopHouSat/PDF/p7%20population%20and%20Housing%20Text-11-
12-06.pdf