the litrature review of solid wast i have presented here. if any of you want to study it then you can easly . especially the students of Quetta Balochistan

1. SOLID WASTE
Solid waste means any garbage, refuse, sludge from a
wastewater treatment plant, water supply treatment plant, or
air pollution control facility and other discarded materials
including solid, liquid, semi-solid, or contained gaseous
material, resulting from industrial, commercial, mining and
agricultural operations, and from community activities, but
does not include solid or dissolved materials

2. SOLID WASTE COMPOSITION
Plastic, rubber, metal, paper, cardboard, textile, glass, food, animal
waste, leaves, grass, straws and fodder, bones, wood, stones and fines
•Food Wastes: 8.4% to 21 %
•Leave, grass, straw, fodder: 10.2% to 15.6%
•Fines: 29.7 % to 47.5 %
•Recyclables: 13.6 % to 23.55 %

3. Literature review
The book
“Disposal of Municipal Refuse” (William
Francis Morse)
This book telling us waste disposal methods
1) dumping on land.
2) In water.
3) Plowing in soil.
4) Feeding to animals Hogs
6) Reduction
7) Incineration

4. Sustainable Waste Management
sustainability principles
 A waste reduction hierarchy: make less, recycle everything possible,
recover energy from what’s disposed, and manage the residuals.
Manage as much of our waste as possible within the Lower Mainland,
where we make it
Protect the receiving environment (air, land and water)
Influence individual and collective behavior to avoid generating
unnecessary waste
Seek technologies which recover and recycle materials and recover
energy
Invest in infrastructure that will be resilient, adaptable to change and
lessen our dependence on non-renewable energy sources.

5. Present status in Pakistan
 It
is estimated that presently, 56,000 tons per day of solid waste is
generated in Pakistan.
Collection 51-69 %
A lot of potential for recycling and involvement of private sector which
is overlooked
No Disposal facilities
industrial wastes are being simply treated as ordinary waste
None of the cities in Pakistan has a proper solid waste management
system right from collection of solid waste up to its proper disposal.
Much of the uncollected waste poses serious risk to public health
through clogging of drains, formation of stagnant ponds ,and providing
breeding ground for mosquitoes and flies with consequent risk of
malaria and cholera.

6. MCQ
( MUNCIPAL COPORATION QUETTA)
Municipal corporation Quetta.
o 55% of total solid waste is collecting by them since 2004
o the street children (both girls and boys) that collect
waste from communal waste bins and waste heaps are
mostly belong to very poor families and they
contribute economically to their families for survival
o no any method of separation of solid waste for recycling
and re use
o only the peoples with vehicle's of municipal corporation go
for the specific areas for collection of solid waste but they
don’t properly separate the solid waste .
o they just putt all the dust on the vehicles' and through them
to outside of the city

7. SOURCES OF SOLID WASTE
• Residential areas.
•Commercial areas.
•Institutions.
•Industries.
•Construction and demolition activities.
•Municipal services.
•Agricultural activities.
•Treatment plants.

9. METHOD
o Waste handling, separation, processing and storage at source
It consist of all activities
o There will b three storage tank (dust been )
o 1. having recycling materials 2. Reuse materials 3. Dispose materials
o Transportation: a) transfer of waste from smaller collection vehicles, to
larger transport vehicles equipment's b) subsequent transport of waste
usually to long distance to a processing or disposal site
o Recycling materials to factory in which they will be recycle and then can
b use able again as a new product. The 2nd materials like bottles that we
can wash them and can use again. The 3rd one materials go for damping
and dispose it .
o The disposal of materials by following methods
1) dumping on land.
2) In water.
3) Plowing in soil.
5) Reduction
6) Incineration

11. E mail yasir8480@yahoo.com