The document summarizes research on organic photovoltaics (OPVs) and dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) being conducted at the Solar Energy Institute of Ege University. The research includes developing manufacturing processes for OPV and DSSC modules and testing their performance and durability. Prototypes developed include large glass facade elements with multiple interconnected DSSC modules and a 500W DSSC power station. Testing shows DSSCs generate more electricity than silicon solar panels, especially on cloudy days.

1. Prof. Dr. E. SIDDIK ICLI
Solar Energy Institute, Ege University, İzmir
Director of Turkish PV Technology Platform (UFTP)"
“MANUFACTURE OF ORGANIC PHOTOVOLTAICS”
SOLAR TURKEY
Green Power Conferences
20-21 September 2011, Renaissance Polat Istanbul Hotel, Istanbul, Turkey

2. Ege University Solar Energy Institute (SEI):
(http://eusolar.ege.edu.tr/)
• SEI was established in 1978 for graduate education and research on
solar energy and its applications containing two divisions named Energy
and Energy Technology.
• Along with the solar energy, the other renewable energy resources like
wind, biomass and geothermal, are being studied.
• Solar electricity researches in SEI are being conducted by two
work groups – PV Group and DSSC Group.
 PV group concentrates on the lamination of silicon solar cells,
design, utilization, testing and performance analysis of PV
power system in different topologies.
 DSSC group studies the development of organic dye-
sensitized solar cells.

3. 3. GENERATION
PHOTOVOLTAICS
Nanotechnology-Molecular Technology
ORGANIC PHOTOVOLTAIC-OFV Technologies
1 – Organic Photovoltaics (Polymer based) - OFV
2 – Dye Sensitized Solar Cells – DSSC (or DSC)
Approximately 40% of the total energy production & 70% of
electricity production is consumed in buildings in Europe and US today

4. Nano-”Molecular” Technology

5. Function of a Solar Cell Based On Organic Dyes
e S*/S+ e
e CB 3,7eV ELEKTROLYTE e Counter electrode
e (I-/I3-) e
e
4,2eV
e
e e
e EF 4,7eV
e
Te PDI V=Voc e
e e
Ce TiO2 e e
Oe 4,85 eV e
e 6,1eV e
e
e e
e 7,4eV e
e
e S/S+ e
e VB e
e e
Re-load
hu
PDI/PMI; Ered=-1.05 V, Eox=1.25 V, Band gap=2.3 V,
PDI; HOMO=5.9 eV, LUMO=3.6 eV (vs. Vacuum) TiO2;
LUMO=4.2 eV

6. Module Production
Otomatic Serigraphy
PRODUCTION OF 30x60 cm MODULE OF DSSC
Solar Energy Institute of Ege University
6

7. Production of OFV/DSSC at Solar Energy Institute Laboratories

8. 2007 DSSC PANEL
DSSC Module, 3%
DSSC Panel
Produce 25 W/m2

9. Efficie ncy 11.04%
100% AM1.5
•
-15
]
2
Efficie ncy 11.18%
Current Density[mA/cm
65% AM1.5
-10 •
-5
Efficie ncy 10.87%
9.5% AM1.5 •
0
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
Potential [V]

10. Artificial Plant With Leaves Exhibited At EXPO 2005

11. “Plastic” Solar Cell Module
11

12.  This work presents that visible light soaking alone is not a dominant stress factor (use
light soaking 2,5 sun equivalent intensity).
 Separation between the effects of
1. the stresses of visible light soaking,
2. UV illumination and
3. thermal treatment
on long term stability is possible in Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC).
 UV stability has been achieved by using MgI2 as additive to the electrolyte.
12

13. THERMAL STABILITY
Best stability result (efficiency) achieved so far with thermal ageing at 60 and 85o C without light soaking .The
electrolyte in the 60o C test is based on dimethylpropyl imidazolium iodide (DMPII), LiI, I2, TBP and
pripionitrile. In the 85o C test the electrolyte also contained Mg I2 , in the following compositions: 1.5 M
hexylmethylimidazolium iodide (HMII), 0.12 M Mg I2 , 0,6 M TBP in propionitrile (PN) solvent
 Thermal stress appears on of the most critical factors determining the long term stability of nc-DSC
and is strongly related to the chemical composition of electrolyte solvents and additives.
13

14. Semiconducting and Metallic Polymers Functional Ink Plastic
ROLL-to-ROLL Processs
Plastic Substrate for Organic based Solar Cells

15. Surface modification
Roll-to-roll process

16. AVUSTRALIA DYESOL
ENGLAND G24 INNOVATIONS Firms
www.g24i.com
www.dyesol.com

17. GENCOA Ltd., Dresden, Germany

18.  One advantage of dye solar cell (DSC)
modules is the combination of
photovoltaic(PV) solar electricity with
decorative aspects.
 Their report on the recent results
achieved in the frame of the German
project ColorSol.
 The project focuses on the
application field of building-
integrated PVs ( facades, PV- glazing,
etc. ).
 Prototypes of glass facade elements
(70cm x 200cm) have been
developed which consist of several
serially inter connected DSC modules Photo of a semi-transparent, glass frit-sealed dye solar module
Mounted on an outdoor test stand at the
each with a size of 30 cm x 30 cm. FRAUNHOFER ISE, Freiburg, GERMANY.
18

19. Atmospheris Tests of Constructed DSC Panel
in comparison with Si-Crystal and Si-Amorphous Pane

20. Fig. 1: Generated electricity for clear and Fig. 2: Generated electricity for cloudy days between
sunny days between December and July for December and July for the DSC modules and the
the DSC modules and the Si module. Si module.
 Figure 1. show us that DSC modules yearly generated 10% more electricity than conventional
crystalline-Si modules of the same rated output power in clear and sunny days.
 Figure 2. show us that DSC modules yearly generated 20% more electricity than conventional
crystalline-Si modules of the same rated output power in cloudy days.
20

21.  Upscale DSSC size to commercial size,
their group was involved in developing a
commercial DSC panel, which could
show the industrial way and prospect.
 The DSSC panels that have 500 W power
in total were used in a primary power-
station and were tested in situ during
running every day. The performance of
DSC panel has no dramatic decrease in
running during the past 354 days (in case
of no electrolyte leak and damage)
Fig. 6. Picture of 500 W DSSC primary power-station.
21

22. Fig. 10. Photo of DSC module glass facade demonstrator as presented at the Fraunhofer booth during the 22nd European Photovoltaic
Solar Energy Conference, Milano, Italy2007.(200 cm x 60 cm )
22

23. Fig. 13. Full size 2 x 32-cell proto type modules in roof station.
 Dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) area low-cost alternative to photovoltaic silicon and
thin film cells on the basis of materials (bulk titania powder in place of high purity
semi conductors such as silicon) and process costs. 23

24.  Upscale DSSC size to commercial size,
their group was involved in developing a
commercial DSC panel, which could
show the industrial way and prospect.
 The DSSC panels that have 500 W power
in total were used in a primary power-
station and were tested in situ during
running every day. The performance of
DSC panel has no dramatic decrease in
running during the past 354 days (in case
of no electrolyte leak and damage)
Fig. 6. Picture of 500 W DSSC primary power-station.
24

25.  The developed large area module
has realized a panel configuration
(1190 mm x 840 mm ) consisting of
an array of 16 cells (410mm x 140
mm). They expect this will be the
next-generation solar cell.
 A developed single and continuous
screen printing process to fabricate
the electrode elements such as the
current collecting grid, the
insulating layer the power
generation layer brings DSSC
technology even closer to
commercial applications.
Fig. 5. Exterior view of the module panel of DSSC
developed by Fujikura.
25

26. 34th Executive Committee Meeting, Anaheim,
California,
29-30 Oct., 2009