The document discusses solar energy and wind power. It states that solar energy is an ultimate source of energy from millions of years and is renewable. Just a small fraction of the sun's energy absorbed by Earth is enough to meet power needs. Wind power harnesses the kinetic energy of wind to generate electricity using wind turbines. Modern wind turbines can generate electricity 70-85% of the time and produce maximum power at wind speeds around 15 meters/second.

1. BY:
JYOTI AHLAWAT
SAJIDA
TSERING

2.  SOLAR ENERGY IS THE ULTIMATE SOURCE OF ENERGY FROM MILLIONS OF
YEARS AND IT IS A RENEWABLE ENERGY.
 THIS ENERGY CONSISTS OF RADIANT LIGHT AND HEAT ENERGY FROM THE
SUN.
 OUT OF ALL ENERGY EMITTED BY SUN ONLYA SMALL FRACTION OF ENERGY
IS ABSORBED BY THE EARTH.
 JUST THIS TINY FRACTION OF THE SUN’S ENERGY THAT HITS THE EARTH IS
ENOUGH TO MEET ALL OUR POWER NEEDS.
 USING PRESENT SOLAR TECHNIQUES SOME OF THE SOLAR ENERGY
REACHING THE EARTH IS UTILIZED FOR GENERATING ELECTRICITY ETC….
 EVEN THEN THE ENERGY DEMAND MET BY USING SOLAR ENERGY IS VERY
LESS.

3. Fossils
FOSSIL
BIO FUEL
HYDRO
BASED
NUCLEAR
SOLAR(0.8
%)
WINDMILL
S

4. •DIRECTLY USING PHOTOVOLTAIC(PV)-
PV IS AN ELECTRICAL DEVICE WHICH CONVERT
LIGHT DIRECTLY INTO ELECTRICITY BY THE
PHOTOVOLTAIC EFFECTS IS USED, CALLED SOLAR
CELL . MAINLY CONSTRUCTED WITH-
MONOCRYSTALLINE SILICON POLYCRYSTALLINE
SILICON AMORPHOUS SILICON CADMIUM TELLURIDE
•CONCENTRATED SOLAR POWER (CSP)
SYSTEMS GENERATE SOLAR POWER BY USING
MIRRORS OR LENSES TO CONCENTRATE A LARGE
AREA OF SUNLIGHT, OR SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY,
ONTO A SMALL AREA. ELECTRICITY IS GENERATED
WHEN THE CONCENTRATED LIGHT IS CONVERTED TO
HEAT, WHICH DRIVES A HEAT ENGINE (USUALLY A
STEAM TURBINE) CONNECTED TO AN ELECTRICAL
POWER GENERATOR.

5. •ONE SOLAR PANEL IS MADE UP OF MANY SMALL
SOLAR CELLS. EACH OF THESE CELLS USES LIGHT
TO MAKE ELECTRONS MOVE.
• THE CELL IS MADE UP OF TWO DIFFERENT
LAYERS THAT ARE STUCK TOGETHER. THE FIRST
LAYER IS LOADED WITH ELECTRONS, SO THE
ELECTRONS ARE READY TO JUMP FROM THIS
LAYER TO THE SECOND LAYER.
•WHEN THE LIGHT HITS AN ELECTRON IN THE
FIRST LAYER, THE ELECTRON JUMPS TO THE
SECOND LAYER.
•THAT ELECTRON MAKES ANOTHER ELECTRON
MOVE, WHICH MAKES ANOTHER ELECTRON MOVE,
AND SO ON.

6. •A SOLAR PV POWER PLANT CONVERTS SUNLIGHT INTO ELECTRICITY. IT DOES SO
WITHOUT ANY MOVING PARTS AND WITHOUT GENERATING EITHER NOISE OR
POLLUTION.
•A SOLAR PV SYSTEM CAN BE INSTALLED AT ANY UN-SHADED LOCATION SUCH AS ON
ROOFTOPS OF BUILDINGS, CAR PARKING SHEDS, EMPTY LAND, OR EVEN ON TOP OF
CANALS AND ROADS. TYPICAL SYSTEM SIZES RANGE FROM 240 WATTS TO 100 MW.
•THERE IS VERY LITTLE DIFFERENCE IN THE TECHNICAL DESIGN BETWEEN SMALL
KW-SIZED PLANTS (TYPICALLY DE-CENTRALIZED, OFF-GRID) AND LARGE, MW-SIZED
PLANTS (TYPICALLY CENTRALIZED, GRID-CONNECTED).
•1 KW OF SOLAR PV REQUIRES 10 M2 OF SHADOW FREE AREA

8. •SOLAR PV SYSTEMS COULD BE SIZED TO NOT EXCEED THE LOAD DEMAND
DURING THE DAY. IF THEY ARE LARGER, AND SOLAR POWER IS BEING GENERATED
THAT EXCEEDS CONSUMPTION AT THAT POINT IN TIME, WASTAGE CAN BE
AVOIDED BY STORING THE EXCESS POWER. ALTERNATIVELY, EXCESS POWER
COULD BE INJECTED INTO THE GRID. IN THIS CASE, METERING WOULD BE
REQUIRED TO MEASURE ENERGY TRANSACTIONS BETWEEN THE PV SYSTEM AND
THE GRID

9. •STORAGE IN SOLAR PV SYSTEMS IS REQUIRED TO PROVIDE STABLE BACKUP POWER
WHEN THE SOLAR ENERGY IS NOT AVAILABLE (AT NIGHT) OR NOT ADEQUATE TO
MEET THE ENTIRE LOAD DEMAND.
•BATTERIES CAN BE USED TO STORE SOLAR POWER TO SAFEGUARD AGAINST A
SHORT-TERM FALL IN SOLAR POWER GENERATION. INTERMITTENCY CAN ALSO BE
AVOIDED BY CONNECTED THE SOLAR PV SYSTEM TO THE GRID. IN THIS CASE THE
GRID PROVIDES THE EXTRA ENERGYAT TIMES OF INADEQUATE SUNSHINE.
.

10. • FIRST SOLAR
• SUNTECH POWER CO.
• GT ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES
• TRINA SOLAR
• JINKO SOLAR
• RENASOLA
• YINGLI GREEN
• SUN POWER
• CANADIAN SOLAR LNC.
• JA SOLAR
• AMMINI
• TATA POWER SOLAR SYSTEMS LTD
• SUNTECH POWER HOLDING
• MOSER BEAR SOLAR LTD
• PLG POWER LTD
• SURANA VENTURES LTD
In IndiaIn World

11. •EQUIPMENT ON A BUILDING SHOULD BE SITED, SO FAR AS IS PRACTICABLE, TO
MINIMISE THE EFFECT ON THE EXTERNALAPPEARANCE OF THE BUILDING AND THE
AMENITY OF THE AREA.
•WHEN NO LONGER NEEDED EQUIPMENT SHOULD BE REMOVED AS SOON AS
REASONABLY PRACTICABLE.
•PANELS SHOULD NOT BE INSTALLED ABOVE THE HIGHEST PART OF THE ROOF
(EXCLUDING THE CHIMNEY) AND SHOULD PROJECT NO MORE THAN 200MM FROM
THE ROOF SLOPE OR WALL SURFACE.
•THE PANELS MUST NOT BE INSTALLED ON A BUILDING THAT IS WITHIN THE GROUNDS
OF A LISTED BUILDING OR ON A SITE DESIGNATED AS A SCHEDULED MONUMENT.
•IF YOUR PROPERTY IS IN A CONSERVATION AREA, OR IN A WORLD HERITAGE SITE,
PANELS MUST NOT BE FITTED TO A WALL WHICH FRONTS A HIGHWAY.

12. •SIZE OF THE SYSTEM - THE TYPICAL DOMESTIC INSTALLATION IS A
• 3.5KW SYSTEM, WHICH IS NORMALLYAROUND 12 PANELS. A SMALLER
1KW DOMESTIC SYSTEM IS LIKELY TO BE ONLY 2 PANELS.
• DIRECTION THAT ROOF FACES AND THE ANGLE - FOR OPTIMUM PERFORMANCE,
YOUR PANELS WILL NEED TO BE ON A 35-DEGREE ANGLE, FACING SOUTH.
•ROOF THAT IS NOT IN THE SHADE WILL INCREASE THE AMOUNT OF ELECTRICITY
YOU ARE ABLE TO PRODUCE.
• TIME OF YEAR WILL ALSO HAVE AN IMPACT. DURING LONGER DAYLIGHT HOURS IN
THE SUMMER YOU WILL BE ABLE TO PRODUCE PROPORTIONALLY MORE POWER.

15. •LIKE LIGHT BULBS, SOLAR PANELS COME IN DIFFERENT WATTAGES. A COMMON
POWER RATING FOR A HIGH END SOLAR PANEL IS 345 WATTS.
•THE SIZE OF THIS PANEL IS ABOUT 61″ BY 41″ (154.9*104.4cm) OR ABOUT
17.3 SQUARE FEET. THAT MEANS THIS PANEL, AT ITS MAXIMUM, PUTS OUT 345
WATTS FROM SUNLIGHT FALLING ON ITS 17.3 FT² AREA.
• ANOTHER WAY TO SAY THIS IS, AT ITS MAXIMUM, A 345 WATT SOLAR PANEL
PUTS OUT A MAXIMUM OF ABOUT 20 WATTS PER SQUARE FOOT (345 DIVIDED BY
17.3 EQUALS ABOUT 20).
15494
10414
345 WATT

17. •CALCULATE YOUR ENERGY REQUIREMENTS:
CALCULATE YOUR ENERGY REQUIREMENTS BY CHECKING YOUR MONTHLY
ELECTRICITY BILL FOR POWER CONSUMED IN KWHR AND TAKE AVERAGE OF POWER
CONSUMED IN SUMMERS AND WINTERS.
•CALCULATE THE AVERAGE DAILY CONSUMPTION: DIVIDE YOUR AVERAGE MONTHLY
CONSUMPTION BY 30, TO GET THE AVERAGE DAILY CONSUMPTION.
SAY IT IS 330/30 = 11 KWHR.
•Find out the average hours of sunlight or average daily solar insolation in
your area:
FOR DELHI ITS 5.5 kWh/meters squared/day.

18. •CALCULATE THE TOTAL WATTAGE: NOW, DIVIDE YOUR AVERAGE DAILY
CONSUMPTION BY THE AVERAGE DAILY HOURS OF SUNLIGHT. IN OUR CASE, 11
KWHR/5.5 HOURS = 2 KW OR 2000 WATTS. THIS WILL TELL YOU THE TOTAL WATTAGE
OF THE PANELS YOU REQUIRE TO COVER YOUR ENERGY NEEDS IN IDEAL CONDITIONS
THAT IS WHEN THERE ARE NO ENERGY LOSSES.
•Consider the energy losses: MULTIPLY THE FIGURE YOU OBTAINED IN EARLIER
STEP BY 1.4 TO COVER UP THE LOSSES DUE TO INEFFICIENCIES LIKE ENERGY
CONVERSION LOSSES AND HEAT LOSSES. WE GET 2000 WATTS X 1.4 = 2800 WATTS. THIS
WILL BE THE TOTAL WATTAGE OF THE PANEL YOU REQUIRE TO MEET YOUR ENERGY
NEEDS.
•CALCULATE THE SHADOW FREE AREA: FIND OUT THE SHADOW FREE AREA OF
YOUR ROOF TOP BY MULTIPLYING ITS LENGTH AND BREATH. LET US ASSUME THAT
THE SHADOW FREE AREA OF THE ROOF IS, 20 FEET BY 11 FEET, 220 SQUARE FEET.(20.4
M SQ)

19. •FIND OUT THE GENERAL DIMENSIONS OF THE SOLAR PANELS
OF DIFFERENT WATTAGE:
•THESE DIMENSIONS CAN BE OBTAINED FROM THE PHYSICAL DATA SHEETS
•AVAILABLE IN THE SOLAR COMPANY WEBSITE.
•FOR ROOF TOP INSTALLATION SOLAR PANELS ARE USUALLY COME IN SIZES OF
•150 WATTS, 175 WATTS, 200 WATTS, 250 WATTS AND 300 WATTS.
•SOME OF THE DIMENSIONS ARE AS FOLLOWS:
•

20. •CALCULATE THE TOTALAREA REQUIRED BY THE SOLAR PANELS:
THE TOTAL WATTAGE OF PANELS REQUIRED, TO COVER YOUR DAILY ENERGY NEEDS,
IS 2800 WATTS. HERE WE WILL CALCULATE THE TOTAL AREA COVERED BY THE
PANELS OF DIFFERENT WATTAGE.
IF THE TOTAL AREA OF THE SOLAR PANELS IS LESS THAN THE SHADOW FREE AREA,
220 SQUARE FEET, THEN WE WILL CONSIDER IT FOR INSTALLATION OTHERWISE
REJECT THAT WATTAGE OF SOLAR PANEL.
•NO OF PANELS REQUIRED-2800/175 = 16 NOS.
•TOTAL AREA OF SIXTEEN PANELS WOULD BE 16 NOS X 17.7 = 283.2 SQ.FT.
•IT IS ADVISABLE TO LEAVE SOME GAP BETWEEN TWO PANELS, SO THAT AIR CAN
PASS THROUGH AND KEEP THE PANELS COOL IN SUMMERS. INCREASE THE TOTAL
AREA OF THE PANELS BY 2.5%, WE GET.
•FINAL AREA REQUIRED-290.3 SQ. FT.

21. THE STEPS MENTIONED BELOW OUTLINES THE PROCESS OF PURCHASING A SOLAR
PV SYSTEM AND ALSO TO OBTAIN SUBSIDY/LOAN THROUGH NABARD.
FIRST STEP, IT IS IMPORTANT TO CHOOSE THE RIGHT MANUFACTURER/SUPPLIER
FROM WHOM YOU PURCHASE THE SOLAR PV SYSTEM. THE
MANUFACTURER/SUPPLIER SHOULD BE A MNRE (MINISTRY OF NEW AND
RENEWABLE ENERGY) APPROVED MANUFACTURER/SUPPLIER. TO GET A LIST OF
APPROVED SUPPLIERS IN YOUR AREA, YOU CAN CHECK THE LINK:
HTTP://WWW.MNRE.GOV.IN/INFORMATION/MANUFACTURESINDUSTRIESARCHITECT
SCONSULTING-ORGANISATION/
ONLY THE MODELS APPROVED BY MNRE ARE ELIGIBLE TO BE COVERED UNDER
THE SCHEME.

23. THE BENCHMARK COST OF SOLAR PV SYSTEM AS PER A NABARD DOCUMENT
(LINK) IS RS 270 PER WP. BUT THE UNIT COSTS ARE REVISED FROM TIME TO TIME
AND YOUR MANUFACTURER/SUPPLIER SHOULD BE ABLE TO GUIDE YOU
PROPERLY ON THE SAME.

24. POWER OBTAINED BY HARNESSING THE ENERGY OF THE WIND
WIND POWER

25. •WIND IS A FORM OF SOLAR ENERGY.
• WINDS ARE CAUSED BY THE UNEVEN HEATING OF
THE ATMOSPHERE BY THE SUN, THE IRREGULARITIES
OF THE EARTH'S SURFACE, AND ROTATION OF THE
EARTH.
•THIS WIND FLOW, OR MOTION ENERGY, WHEN "HARVESTED" BY MODERN WIND
TURBINES, CAN BE USED TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY I.E WIND POWER.
•WIND FLOW PATTERNS ARE MODIFIED BY :
EARTH'S TERRAINBODIES OF WATERVEGETATIVE COVER

26. •THE WIND'S KINETIC ENERGY CAN BE HARNESSED BYA WIND TURBINE, A DEVICE
THAT LOOKS LIKE AN EXTREMELY TALL, SKINNY FAN.
•WINDMILLS ARE USED FOR THEIR MECHANICAL POWER, WIND PUMPS FOR WATER
PUMPING, AND SAILS TO PROPEL SHIPS.
•WIND POWER AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO FOSSIL FUELS IS PLENTIFUL, RENEWABLE,
WIDELY DISTRIBUTED, CLEAN, PRODUCES NO GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS DURING
OPERATION, AND USES LITTLE LAND.

27. •IN THE CASE OF WIND, IF CONVENTIONAL ON SHORE WIND TURBINES WITH 80-M
TOWERS WERE INSTALLED ON 13% OF THE EARTH’S SURFACE, THE ESTIMATED WIND
POWER THAT COULD BE COMMERCIALLY VIABLE IS 72 TERAWATT (TW).
•THAT AMOUNTS TO ALMOST FIVE TIMES THE GLOBAL POWER CONSUMPTION IN ALL
FORMS, WHICH CURRENTLYAVERAGES ABOUT 15 TW.
MAIN
PROBLEMS
1. COST
2. AVAILABILITY

28. COMPONENTS OF WIND TURBINE
• WIND TURBINES CONSIST OF A FOUNDATION, A TOWER, A NACELLE AND A ROTOR.

29. •WIND TURBINES START OPERATING AT WIND SPEEDS OF 4 TO 5
METRES PER SECOND AND REACH MAXIMUM POWER OUTPUT
AT AROUND 15 METRES/SECOND..
•A MODERN WIND TURBINE PRODUCES ELECTRICITY 70-85% OF
THE TIME, BUT IT GENERATES DIFFERENT OUTPUTS DEPENDING
ON THE WIND SPEED.
•OVER THE COURSE OF A YEAR, IT WILL TYPICALLY
GENERATE ABOUT 24% OF THE THEORETICAL
MAXIMUM OUTPUT (41% OFFSHORE). THIS IS
KNOWN AS ITS CAPACITY FACTOR.
•THE CAPACITY FACTOR OF CONVENTIONAL POWER
STATIONS IS ON AVERAGE 50%-80%. BECAUSE OF
STOPPAGES FOR MAINTENANCE OR BREAKDOWNS,
NO POWER PLANT GENERATES POWER FOR 100% OF
THE TIME.

30. •AT 100 FEET (30 METERS) OR MORE ABOVE GROUND,
THEY CAN TAKE ADVANTAGE OF FASTER AND LESS
TURBULENT WIND.
•AVOID ROOF MOUNTED TURBINES AS THERE
IS NO GUARANTEE THAT THESE DEVICES
WILL NOT DAMAGE YOUR PROPERTY
THROUGH VIBRATION.
•THE DISTANCE BETWEEN YOUR TURBINE
AND YOUR POWER REQUIREMENT, THE MORE
POWER YOU WILL LOSE IN THE CABLE. THE
DISTANCE OF THE CABLING WILL ALSO
IMPACT THE OVERALL COST OF THE
INSTALLATION.
•TURBINES WORK AT THE BEST WHEN ON HIGH,
EXPOSED SITES. COASTAL SITES ARE ESPECIALLY
GOOD.
•TOWN CENTRES AND HIGHLY POPULATED
RESIDENTIAL AREAS ARE USUALLY NOT
SUITABLE SITES FOR WIND TURBINES.

31. •THE TOWERS ARE MOSTLY TUBULAR AND MADE OF STEEL OR CONCRETE,
GENERALLY PAINTED LIGHT GREY.
•THE BLADES ARE MADE OF FIBREGLASS, REINFORCED POLYESTER OR WOOD-EPOXY
•. THEY ARE LIGHT GREY BECAUSE IT IS INCONSPICUOUS UNDER MOST LIGHTING
CONDITIONS.
•THE FINISH IS MATT, TO REDUCE REFLECTED LIGHT.
•WIND TURBINES CAN CARRY ON GENERATING ELECTRICITY FOR 20-25 YEARS.
•OVER THEIR LIFETIME THEY WILL BE RUNNING CONTINUOUSLY FOR AS MUCH AS
120,000 HOURS.
DURABILITY :

32. •THE AVERAGE SIZE OF ON SHORE TURBINES
BEING MANUFACTURED TODAY IS AROUND 2.5-
3 MW, WITH BLADES OF ABOUT 50 METRES
LENGTH.
• IT CAN POWER MORE THAN 1,500 AVERAGE
HOUSEHOLDS.
•AN AVERAGE OFFSHORE WIND TURBINE OF 3.6
MW CAN POWER MORE THAN 3,312 AVERAGE
HOUSEHOLDS.
•EARLIER WIND TURBINES WERE UNDER 1MW
WITH ROTOR DIAMETERS OF AROUND 15
METRES.
•IN 2012, THE AVERAGE SIZE IS 2.5 MW WITH
ROTOR DIAMETERS OF 100 METRES.
7.5 MW TURBINES ARE THE LARGEST TODAY
WITH BLADES ABOUT 60 METRES LONG.

33. RESIDENTIAL: BELOW 30 KW
CHOOSE A SIZE BASED ON ELECTRICAL LOAD
DIAMETER: 1 - 13 M (4 - 43 FT)
HEIGHT: 18 - 37 M (60 - 120 FT)
EXAMPLE: 20,000 KWH/YEAR
MEDIUM: 30 - 500 KW
MAY BE SIZED TO A LOAD. TYPICALLY USED
WHEN THERE IS A LARGE ELECTRICAL LOAD.
DIAMETER: 13 - 30 M (43 - 100 FT)
HEIGHT: 35 - 50 M (115 - 164 FT)
EXAMPLE: 600,000 KWH/YEAR
COMMERCIAL SCALE: 500 KW - 2 MW
USUALLY FED INTO THE GRID, NOT SIZED TO
A SINGLE LOAD
DIAMETER: 47 - 90 M (155 - 300 FT)
HEIGHT: 50 - 80 M (164 - 262 FT)
EXAMPLE: 4,000,000 KWH/YEAR

34. • IDEALLY, THE AREA SHOULD BE AS WIDE AND OPEN AS POSSIBLE IN THE
PREVAILING WIND DIRECTION, WITH FEW OBSTACLES.
•ITS VISUAL INFLUENCE NEEDS TO BE CONSIDERED – FEW, LARGER TURBINES ARE
USUALLY BETTER THAN MANY SMALLER ONES.
•THE TURBINES NEED TO BE EASILY ACCESSIBLE FOR MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR
WORK WHEN NEEDED.
NOISE LEVELS CAN BE CALCULATED SO THE FARM IS COMPATIBLE WITH THE LEVELS
OF SOUND STIPULATED IN NATIONAL LEGISLATION.

35. •THE TURBINE SUPPLIER DEFINES THE MINIMUM TURBINE SPACING, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE
EFFECT ONE TURBINE CAN HAVE ON OTHERS NEARBY – THE 'WAKE EFFECT'.
•THE RISK OF EXTREME EVENTS SUCH AS EARTHQUAKES, HOW EASY IT IS TO TRANSPORT THE
TURBINES TO THE SITE AND THE LOCAL AVAILABILITY OF CRANES.
“IN A WIND FARM THE TURBINES THEMSELVES TAKE UP LESS THAN 1% OF THE LAND
AREA. EXISTING ACTIVITIES LIKE FARMING AND TOURISM CAN TAKE PLACE AROUND
THEM AND ANIMALS LIKE COWS AND SHEEPARE NOT DISTURBED.”

36. •WIND IN INDIAARE INFLUENCED BY THE STRONG SOUTH-
WEST SUMMER MONSOON, WHICH STARTS IN MAY-JUNE,
WHEN COOL, HUMID AIR MOVES TOWARDS
•DURING THE PERIOD MARCH TO AUGUST, THE WINDS ARE
UNIFORMLY STRONG OVER THE WHOLE INDIAN PENINSULA,
EXCEPT THE EASTERN PENINSULAR COAST.
•WIND SPEEDS DURING THE PERIOD NOVEMBER TO MARCH
ARE RELATIVELY WEAK, THOUGH HIGHER WINDS ARE
AVAILABLE DURING A PART OF THE PERIOD ON THE TAMIL
NADU COASTLINE.
•THE LAND AND THE WEAKER NORTH-EAST WINTER
MONSOON, WHICH STARTS IN OCTOBER, WHEN COOL, DRY
SIR MOVES TOWARDS THE OCEAN.

37. •THE WIND POWER GENERATION CAPACITY IN INDIA IS 49,130 MW AS PER THE
OFFICIAL ESTIMATES IN THE INDIAN WIND ATLAS (2010) .
•THE POTENTIAL IS CALCULATED WITH RESPECT TO 2 PER CENT LAND
AVAILABILITY AT WINDY LOCATIONS AND PERTAINS TO A 50 METER HUB HEIGHT
LEVEL OF THE WIND TURBINES.
•PRESENTLY LARGE WIND TURBINES WITH HIGHER HUB HEIGHT IN THE RANGE OF
80-100 METER WITH LARGE ROTOR DIAMETERS UP TO 120 M ARE AVAILABLE IN THE
INDIAN MARKET.
•CONCEDING TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENT AND HIGHER WIND SPEEDS AT
HIGHER HUB HEIGHTS, THE POTENTIAL OF 49,130 MW AT 50 METER LEVEL IF
EXTRAPOLATED AT 80 METER STANDARD HUB HEIGHT, THE PROJECTED WIND
POTENTIAL USING THE SAME LAND AVAILABILITY WILL BE IN THE ORDER OF
1,02,788 MW

39. •THE POWER PRODUCED BY A WIND TURBINE DEPENDS ON THE TURBINE’S SIZE
AND THE WIND SPEED THROUGH THE ROTOR.
IN INDIA, WE HAVE THE COMMERCIAL LARGE WIND TURBINES FROM 225 KW TO 2.5
MW. IN THE GLOBAL MARKET, 6 MW WIND TURBINES ARE OPERATING AND TURBINES
OF 10 MW ARE IN LABORATORY STAGE.
•WIND RESOURCE ASSESSMENT IS DONE BY FORMULA:
THE POWER (ENERGY/SECOND) AVAILABLE IN THE WIND WILL BE GIVEN BY
THE FORMULA POWER = 0.5 X ROTOR SWEPT AREA (M2) X DENSITY (KG/M3) X
VELOCITY3 (M/S)
THE POWER AVAILABLE FROM WIND IS PROPORTIONAL TO CUBE OF THE WIND'S
SPEED
POWER GENERATED BY WIND=(WIND SPEED)3
MINUMUM OPERATIONAL WIND SPEED =6m/s
OPERATIONAL SPEED RANGE=4-35m/s