In this ppt u'll find the how to calculate load of ur house, battery size calculation, solar panel size calculation, inverter size calculation.

1. Solar Powered Housing
A
Seminar On
Presented By:RoshitKadiru
DepartmentOf Electrical Engineering

2. What is Solar Powered Housing?
A house which generates electricity by means of
solar energy is known as Solar Powered house.
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3. Why Solar Energy?
•Solar energy is available through out the days in most
of the year.
•Its free of cost.
•It’s a renewable source of energy.
•Solar cells do not produce noise and they are totally
silent.
•They have long life time
•They require very little maintenance as there is no
moving parts.
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4. Solar irradiation map of India.
Geographical
Location: India being a
tropical country
receives adequate solar
radiation for 300 days,
amounting to 3,000
hours of sunshine
equivalent to over
5,000 trillion kWh.
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5. Working of Photovoltaic cell
Photovoltaic cells are made up of semiconductors like silicon. When
light shines on the solar cell a percentage of this solar energy is
absorbed into the semiconductor material. This energy now inside the
semiconductor knocks electrons loose allowing them to flow freely. It
also have one or more electric fields that force electrons to flow in one5
N type
semi conductor
Depletion Layer
P-type
semi conductor

6. Equipments used in Solar Powered Housing
• Solar Panel: A solar panel is a set of
solar photovoltaic modules electrically
connected and mounted on a supporting
structure which generates electricity using
solar energy
• Inverter: Since the electricity
generated by solar energy is direct current
(DC), and most household appliances
require alternating current (AC), an
inverter is necessary to change the current
from direct current (D/C) to alternating
current (A/C).
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7. Equipments used in Solar Powered Housing
• Battery (for off grid system):
It is used to store electricity so that
it can be used as a back up power when
the panel is unable to produce electricity.
• Net Metering (for grid tie
system):
A measuring meter which will
calculate how much energy you have
taken from the grid and also supplied to
the grid. 7

8. Solar Charge Controller:
• Controls the flow of electricity between the module, battery, and
the loads.
• Prevents battery damage by ensuring that the battery is
operating within its normal charge levels.
• If the charge level in the battery falls below a certain level, a
"low voltage disconnect (LVD) will cut the current to the loads, to
prevent further discharge.
• Likewise, it will also cut the current from the module in cases of
overcharging.
Equipments used in Solar Powered Housing
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9. Off Grid System
Types of Solar Power
System
Grid Tie System
&
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10. Off Grid System
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11. Grid Tie System
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12. Name Of
Equipment
Wattage Quantity
Usage
Hours/day
Watt hour/day
Fan 100 W 2 7 1400 W/Hr
Printer 100 W 1 0.2 20 W/Hr
Computer 150 W 2 7 2100 W/Hr
Light 40 W 3 7 840 W/Hr
Laptop 100 W 1 7 700 W/Hr
Total Watt 940 W Total watt/hour 5060 W/Hr
Load Calculation

13. Calculation of Solar Panel Size
Total Watt/Hour = 5060 W/Hr
Total hours of Sun light = 3000/365
=8.21 Hr
Size of Solar Panel = 5060/8.21
= 616 Watt
Compensate for system inefficiencies. Every part of a solar powered system has some
inefficiencies in it. The rule of thumb is if you are going to use an inverter (to produce AC)
your total system inefficiency will be 30%. For systems that will be using the DC voltage
directly from the battery bank, the inefficiency factor is 20%. So, to compensate for
inefficiencies multiply your answer to step 3 by 1.3 (or 1.2, if there's no inverter).
New size of solar panel = 616 * 1.3
= 800 W
To determine how many solar panels you will need, take your answer from step 4 and divide
it by the rated power output (watts) of the solar panel that you have chosen
Total No. of Solar Panels Needed = (Total Solar Panel Watts Needed)/(Solar Panel Rated
output)
No. of Solar Panel needed = 800/200
= 4 Panels

14. How to decide Battery size
The first thing you have to decide on is if you are going to use a 12V, 24V or 48V
DC system (these are the most common selections). The advantages to using a
larger DC voltage system is that the wires/cabling you will need to use can be of a
smaller gauge (smaller diameter). Systems with higher DC voltages lose less energy
due to resistances in wiring that those of lower DC voltage (e.g. 12V).
The downside to higher voltage systems is that you have to buy everything in sets,
and it may increase your overall cost. For instance, a 24V system will require you
to buy solar panels in sets of 2 (assuming each panel produces 12V ->
12V+12V=24V). In the case of batteries, if you plan to use 6V batteries you have to
buy them in sets of four (4 x 6V = 24V) to match the system voltage.
Another downside to higher voltage systems, is that the voltage levels become more
dangerous as they get higher. Whereas, 12V systems are less likely to seriously
harm you.
An advantage to 12V system is that it's a bit easier to find equipment you can
power directly off of the batteries (i.e. 12V). Whereas if you were to power 12V
appliances off of a 48V system, you would need to also buy a DC voltage converter.

15. How to decide Battery size
Steps to decide the Battery size:
1. Decide the voltage of the battery.
2. Determine the total watt hours you will be using per day. = 5060 WHr
3. Determine the Days of autonomy. (Means decide the no. of days you want
your battery to support your electrical systems) = 1
4. Multiply the number of watt*hours from your load calculation (Step 2) by
the number of storage days (Step 3).
= 5060 * 1 = 5060 W
5. Determine how deeply you want to discharge your batteries. 80% is
considered the maximum amount you can discharge your lead-acid battery
array, whereas 50% is an optimal amount for battery longevity. Then divide
the amount calculated in Step 4 by 0.80 or 0.50.
= 5060/0.8
= 6325 WHr
6. Find the watt hour capacity of the battery you selected. This is the voltage of
the battery times the ampere hour capacity. For example, the PVX-4050HT
Solar Battery is a 6V, 266 Ah battery. So it's Watt*Hour capacity is:
6Vx266Ah = 1596 WHr.

16. How to decide Battery size
7. Determine the number of batteries you need (almost). Divide the value
you calculated for Step 5 by the value you found for Step 6.
Example : 6325/1596= 4 Batteries
8. Round the number of batteries to fit the system voltage you selected. For
instance, a 12V system will require that you use 6V batteries in sets of 2,
or a 24V system will require 6V batteries to be used in sets of four. , if
you are planning to have a 12V system and your calculations from Step 8
give you 5 batteries, you must round that number up to 6 batteries.

17. How to decide inverter size
To determine the inverter size we must find the peak load or maximum wattage
of your home. This is found by adding up the wattage of the appliances and
devices that could be run at the same time. Include everything from
microwaves and lights to computers and clocks. The sum will tell you which
inverter size you need.
Name Of
Equipment
Wattage Quantity
Total equipment
watt
Fan 100 W 2 200 W
Printer 100 W 1 100 W
Computer 150 W 2 300 W
Light 40 W 3 120 W
Laptop 100 W 1 100 W
Total Watt 820 W

18. How to decide Charge Controller
Once you have sized your battery bank and solar panel array, determining
which charge controller to use is comparatively straight forward. All we have
to do is find the current through the controller by using power = voltage x
current. Take the power produced by the solar panels and divide by the voltage
of the batteries. For example:
Example: Our solar array is producing 800 W and charging battery bank is of
12 V.
Then the controller size will be = 800/12
= 67 A
Now multiply the value of safety factor 1.25 with the value of size
controller
= 67 * 1.25
= 84 A

19. Maintenance of Solar Panel
• Solar PV systems are durable and do not require
regular maintenance
• The only maintenance to be done regularly is to clean
the dust particles deposited on the panels which can be
done by showering water on the panel from the lower
floor.
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20. Life Span of Solar Panel
• The output of the solar panels degrades by about
0.8% every year.
• Solar Systems modules have 25 years of useful life
with 80 per cent of power still available at the end of that
time period.
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21. Cost of Solar Panels
• The range for a 1 KW system quoted at the expo by
various solutions providers is between Rs. 1.20 lakhs to
Rs. 1.8 lakhs.
• Cost of 3750W solar system is up to $6756 which is
around 4.3 Lakh
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22. Cost of Solar Panel
**Reference taken from - http://www.wholesalesolar.com/gridtie.html 22

23. Cost Trends - Photovoltaic's
COEcents/kWh
1980 1990 2000 2010 2020
100
80
60
40
20
Years
Cost-cents/kwh
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24. Why Solar panel is not much used?
• Solar power cannot be obtained at night.
• Solar cells (or) solar panels are very expensive
• Air pollution and whether can affect the production of
electricity
• They need large area of land to produce more efficient
power supply
• Due to PV efficiency and low market demand,
technological progression is slow.
• Large land areas needed to produce energy on a power
plant scale
• Lack of subsidies and tax credits in India.
• Lack of awareness about the benefits of solar energy
towards environment. 24

25. Why to use solar power system
• Solar power reduces your carbon footprint.
• As calculated the coal left will last only for 109 years.
• According to the IEA Clean Coal Centre, there are
over 2300 coal-fired power stations worldwide as per
2011.
• The average household generates 7.4 tons of carbon
dioxide per year through electrical use.
• Temperature of the earth has started to
increase Since the early 20th century, the global air
and sea surface temperature has increased about
0.8°C (1.4°F)
• Due this high emission of carbon dioxide the Glaciers
have started melting which will result in rise of sea
level by 23 inches within the next 100 years which in
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26. Air Pollution
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27. • However, as technology increases, solar prices fall, and
electricity prices rise, this may become a more
economical solution.
• I also greatly reduces the amount of harmful emissions.
Conclusion
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28. References
-http://www.firstpost.com/india/indias-carbon-dioxide-emmission-
shoots-up-7-7-in-a-year-study-1238553.html
-http://www.wholesalesolar.com/gridtie.html
- http://www.eai.in/ref/ae/sol/sol.html#sthash.2ajthLN6.dpuf
-https://www.worldcoal.org/resources/frequently-asked-questions/
-http://eartheasy.com/blog/2013/03/our-experience-with-a-solar-
energy-grid-tie-system/
-http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/More-homes-opt-for-
solar-energy/articleshow/5280270.cms
-http://www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/features/health-sapping.html
-http://www.howstuffworks.com/environmental/green-science/net-
metering.html
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29. You decide in which planet you want to live?
Thank You
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