The document provides information on photovoltaic (PV) power systems in India, including:
- Solar radiation is the main energy source for PV systems in India, with most parts receiving 4-7 kWh/m2 daily.
- PV modules convert sunlight directly into electricity using solar cells. Common module sizes are 50Wp and produce 12V DC power.
- PV systems have various applications in India like solar lanterns, home lighting systems, street lights, water pumping, and small power plants on islands. The document discusses system components and costs.
Overview of Solar Power Plant .
Explaining various components working & Use in Solar Power Plant that is used for Commercial Purpose be it industries or any Other commercial organisation .
Designed a complete system of solar cell arrays required for a commercial complex. Researched and derived mathematical equations to install the system using given budget constraints. Made CAD drawings of the arrangement of inverter arrays required for installing the system.
Overview of Solar Power Plant .
Explaining various components working & Use in Solar Power Plant that is used for Commercial Purpose be it industries or any Other commercial organisation .
Designed a complete system of solar cell arrays required for a commercial complex. Researched and derived mathematical equations to install the system using given budget constraints. Made CAD drawings of the arrangement of inverter arrays required for installing the system.
Off grid solar power systems design is said to be complex. In this presentation, a simple design process is described: starting by load assessment, then moving to estimating array energy output; estimating array power and determining required number of modules as well as the size of other system components.
This presentation is adapted from a course delivered online by Mathy Mpassy Isinki. After ten years spent providing energy solutions in remote off grid locations, he describes himself as an off grid energy solutions business and technical sales professional; his goal is to share with you what he has learned the last ten years.
An Overview of Photovoltaic Systems or PV Systems. This PPT outlines what a solar systems is and what it is consisted of. From solar panels to charge controller to deep cycle batteries to the inverter.
In presentation photovoltaic effect, solar cell material, types of solar cell, working principle, solar pv module, PV systems, Sizing of solar PV system etc are included.
This new minute lecture gives an introduction to photovoltaic (PV) systems for residential use, providing an answer to following questions:
* How does a PV system work?
* What can be expected from a PV system?
* What types of systems are available?
* How is technology expected to evolve?
On Grid Solar System to Create your own Electricityrenewgreensolar
Like Off grid solar system, On Grid Solar System do not stores generated electricity in batteries. Instead of storing electricity its is directly used to powering the lights, appliances and electronic devices in your home. know more about On Grid Solar System @ http://www.renewgreen.in/business-solution-power-system-on-grid.php
Off grid solar power systems design is said to be complex. In this presentation, a simple design process is described: starting by load assessment, then moving to estimating array energy output; estimating array power and determining required number of modules as well as the size of other system components.
This presentation is adapted from a course delivered online by Mathy Mpassy Isinki. After ten years spent providing energy solutions in remote off grid locations, he describes himself as an off grid energy solutions business and technical sales professional; his goal is to share with you what he has learned the last ten years.
An Overview of Photovoltaic Systems or PV Systems. This PPT outlines what a solar systems is and what it is consisted of. From solar panels to charge controller to deep cycle batteries to the inverter.
In presentation photovoltaic effect, solar cell material, types of solar cell, working principle, solar pv module, PV systems, Sizing of solar PV system etc are included.
This new minute lecture gives an introduction to photovoltaic (PV) systems for residential use, providing an answer to following questions:
* How does a PV system work?
* What can be expected from a PV system?
* What types of systems are available?
* How is technology expected to evolve?
On Grid Solar System to Create your own Electricityrenewgreensolar
Like Off grid solar system, On Grid Solar System do not stores generated electricity in batteries. Instead of storing electricity its is directly used to powering the lights, appliances and electronic devices in your home. know more about On Grid Solar System @ http://www.renewgreen.in/business-solution-power-system-on-grid.php
DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF SOLAR POWERED WATER PUMPING SYSTEM WITH AUTO TRACKI...ARUL S
Solar energy is converted to mechanical energy by absorbing the solar radiation from the sunlight. In this
paper we have introduced a solar photo voltaic cell for collecting the sun rays through the solar array and
transforming this sun rays in to electricity to generate the electricity. The main aim of this project is to supply
electricity through the sun rays and its for the purpose of irrigation in the rural areas where the electricity scare is
expected. In our solar kit we have introduce an Automatic solar tracker which stimulates and increases the
efficiency of the solar panel by keeping the solar panel which moves according to the direction of movement of sun
rays. A solar PV cell is a electrical device that converts the energy of light directly to electricity by the photovoltaic
effect. A photoelectric cell is defined as an device whose electrical characteristics like current, voltage, resistance,
varies when exposed to light. Solar cells are the basement for any photovoltaic modules panels. Solar cells are used
as a photo detector for detecting light near the visible range, or measuring light intensity.Water pumping worldwide is generally dependent on conventional electricity or diesel generated
electricity. Solar water pumping minimizes the dependence on diesel, gas or coal based electricity. The use of diesel
or propane based water pumping systems require not only expensive fuels, but also create noise and air pollution.
The overall upfront cost, operation and maintenance cost, and replacement of a diesel pump are 2–4 times higher
than solar photovoltaic (PV) pump. Solar pumping systems are environment friendly and require low maintenance
with no fuel cost . Keeping in view the shortage of grid electricity in rural and remote areas in most parts of world,
PV pumping is one of the most promising applications of solar energy. The technology is similar to any other
conventional water pumping system except that the power source is solar energy. PV water pumping is gaining
importance in recent years due to non-availability of electricity and increase in diesel prices. The flow rate of
pumped water is dependent on incident solar radiation and size of PV array. A properly designed PV system results
in significant long-term cost savings as compared to conventional pumping systems. In addition, tanks can be used
for water storage in place of requirement of batteries for electricity storage Agricultural production in developing
countries is largely dependent on rains and is adversely affected by the non availability of water in summers.
However, maximum solar radiation is available in summers as such more water can be pumped to meet increased
water requirements. Urban water supply systems are also dependent on electricity to pump water in towns. There is
a wide scope to utilize PV pumping systems for water supplies in rural, urban, community, industry and educational
institutions.Solar panel, Microcontroller board (pic16f877a), Soil moisture. TNX
A brief case study on solar power plant in Lovely Professional University Campus situated in Jalandhar,Punjab.
#LPU
#Solar_power_plant
#case_study
#engneering
#Lovely_Professional_University
These panels are designed with solar cells composed of semiconductor materials.
The main function of Solar panels is to convert solar energy into DC electrical energy generally of 12V, which is further used for the rest of the circuit. The number of cells required and their size depends on the rating of the load.
The collection of solar cells can produce maximum electricity. But, the solar panel must place exactly at right angles to the sun rays.
Photovoltaic conversion of light to electricity has many applications. In tropical country like India, both the thermal and PV find plenty of applications.
Measures for prevention, control and abatement of environmental pollution in river Ganga and to ensure continuous adequate flow of water so as to rejuvenate the river Ganga.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
1. Photovoltaic
Power System
INDIA 2011-12
SOLAR RADIATION:
SOURCE OF LIGHT ENERGY
FOR DIRECT CONVERSION
TO ELECTRIC POWER
SOLAR CELL: TO CONVERT
SUNLIGHT DIRECTLY TO
ELECTRICITY
TYPES OF PV MODULES
PV SYSTEM COMPONENTS
AND FUNCTIONS OF
COMPONENTS
APPLICATIONS
3. 3
Insolation in India: An Energy Resource
Solar radiation is perennial,
environment-friendly and well suited
for decentralized applications.
Most parts of India receive 4–7 kWh
(kilowatt-hour) of solar radiation per
square metre per day.
There are 250–300 sunny days in a
year.
The highest annual radiation energy is
received in western Rajasthan.
28. Module
Every single photovoltaic cell has small
dimensions and generally produces a
power between 1 and 3 watts and 0,5Volts,
at the standard test conditions (STC) of
1000W/m².
To get a bigger power and voltage, it is
necessary to connect several cells among
themselves to create bigger units called
modules
28
35. 35
The modules in a PV array are usually first
connected in series to obtain the desired voltage;
the individual strings are then connected in
parallel to allow the system to produce more
current. They are then protected by
encapsulation between glass and a tough metal,
plastic or fiberglass back. This is held together by
a stainless steel or aluminum frame to form a
module.
36. 36
These modules, usually comprised of about 30
PV cells, form the basic building block of a solar
array. Modules may be connected in series or
parallel to increase the voltage and current, and
thus achieve the required solar array
characteristics that will match the load. Typical
module size is 50Wp and produces direct current
electricity at 12V (for battery charging for
example).
53. 53
The photovoltaic system structures
• Systems with fixed inclination - (fixed
supporting structure)
• Systems with active tracking - single/double
axis tracking systems (characterized by step by
step motors and control electronics)
• Self contained systems or “stand alone”
• Network connected systems or “grid
connected”
57. 57
Solar Lantern
• The solar lantern is a portable lighting system. Being
light in weight, it is easy to carry around and therefore
ideal for both indoor and outdoor usage.
• A typical solar lantern consists of a PV module of 8 Wp
to 10 Wp capacity, a sealed maintenance-free battery of
12 V, 7 AH (ampere hours) capacity, and a compact
fluorescent lamp (CFL) of 5 W or 7 W rating. A solar
lantern is usually meant to provide light for three to
four hours daily, and designed to have a three-day
‘autonomy’, that is, to function in this manner for
three days without sunlight.
58. 58
Operation:
During the day, the PV
module is placed in the sun
and is connected through
a cable to the lantern unit.
LIGHT is converted into
electricity, which, in turn,
charges the battery. A
green LED light indicates
the charging of the battery.
At night, the lantern is
detached and used
wherever required. The
battery provides power to
the lamp.
The cost of a solar
lantern with the above
specifications is in the
range of Rs 3000–3300.
Low-cost models with
smaller PV modules
and battery capacity
are also available.
59. 59
Solar home system -1
A solar home system (SHS) provides a
comfortable level of illumination in one or
more rooms of a house. There are several
SHS models featuring one, two, or four
Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFL). It is also
possible to run a small DC fan or a 12-V DC
television with the system.
60. 60
Solar home system - 2
The SHS consists of a PV module of 18, 37 or
74 Wp (Watt peak) capacity; a sealed,
maintenance-free, or flooded lead–acid
battery of 12 V and 20, 40 or 75 AH capacity;
and CFLs of 9 W or 11 W rating.
The system is designed to provide service
for three to four hours daily, with an
autonomy of three days, that is, the system
can function for three cloudy days.
61. 61
Operation
A PV module is usually mounted on the roof of the
house so that it is exposed to direct solar radiation
throughout the day, avoiding any
shadow.
The module converts incident radiation into
electricity, which, in turn, charges the battery,
which is placed inside the house.
The battery provides power to the CFLs, and to the
television and/or fan as required. A change
controller prevents overcharging and deep
discharge of the battery.
63. 63
Solar street lighting
system
A solar street-lighting system (SLS) is an
outdoor lighting unit used to illuminate
a street or an open area usually in
villages. A CFL is fixed
inside a luminaire which is mounted on
a pole.
The PV module is placed at the top of
the pole, and a battery is placed in a
box at the base of the pole. The
module is mounted facing south, so
that it receives solar radiation
throughout the day, without any
shadow falling on it.
64. 64
A typical street-lighting system consists of a PV
module of 74 Wp capacity, a flooded lead–acid
battery of 12 V, 75 AH capacity, and a CFL of 11 W
rating. This system is designed to operate from dusk
to dawn (that is, throughout the night). The CFL
automatically lights up when the surroundings
become dark and switches off around
sunrise time.
The cost of an SLS is about Rs 19 000. Variations in the
cost are possible on account of local taxes,
additional transportation costs, etc.
The Ministry of New & Renewable Energy Sources
provides financial assistance for the promotion of
some of the above solar lighting systems among
eligible categories of users.
66. 66
SPV Pumping System
An SPV water pump is a DC or AC, surface-
mounted or submersible or floating pump that
runs on power from an SPV array.
The array is mounted on a suitable structure and
placed in a shadow free open space with its
modules facing south and inclined at local
latitude.
A typical SPV water-pumping system consists of
an SPV array of 200–3000 Wp capacity,
mounted on a tracking/non-tracking type of
structure.
The array is connected to a DC or AC motor
connected to pump of matching capacity.
67. 67
• The array is connected to a DC or AC motor
connected pump of matching capacity that can be
of s u r f a c e - m o u n t e d , submersible, or
floating type. Interconnecting cables and
electronics make up the rest of the system.
• SPV water pumps are used to draw water for
irrigation as well as for drinking. The normal pumping
heads are in the range of 10 metres (m) for
irrigation, and 30 m for drinking water. It is possible
to use pumps with even greater head, especially for
drinking water supply. The SPV array converts
sunlight into electricity and delivers it to run the
motor and pump up water. The water can be stored
in tanks for use during non-sunny hours, if necessary.
68. 68
The SPV array converts sunlight into electricity and
delivers it to run the motor and pump up water. The
water can be stored in tanks for use during non-
sunny hours, if necessary. For maximum power
output from the SPV array, the structure on which it is
mounted should track the sun. Electronic devices are
used to do this in some models, thereby enabling the
systems to operate at maximum power output. The
power from the SPV array is directly delivered to the
pump in the case of DC pumps. In the case of AC
pumps, however, an inverter is used to convert the
DC output of the array into AC. No storage batteries
are used in an SPV pump.
69. 69
An SPV pump based on a one-horsepower motor
can irrigate about 1–1.5 hectares of land under a
variety of crops except paddy and sugar cane
(assuming a 10-m water table). Using the same
pump along with drip irrigation, it is possible to
irrigate up to 6 hectares of land for certain crops. A
two-horsepower SPV pump could irrigate about 2–3
hectares of land under many crops except paddy
and sugar cane (again assuming a 10-m water
table).
70. 70
SPV Pumping System
The cost of an SPV
pump depends on the
capacity and type of
pump. For example, a
DC surface pump with
a 900 W array may cost
about Rs 150 000; a
similar pump of 1800 W
may cost about Rs 300
000; and an 1800 W AC
submersible pump may
cost about Rs 422 000.
74. Sagar Island - Solar Island
Sagar Island is in the southwestern corner of the
Ganges Delta, in India. The West Bengal Renewable
Energy Development Agency (WBREDA) has been
working on Sagar Island since 1996 to address the
problem of energy supply. Since then it has set up a
total of 11 small solar PV power plants, on Sagar
Island and its neighbour Maushuni Island. Each plant
has its own mini-grid system that distributes electric
power to the surrounding villages. The grids are
switched on for six hours a day, from 6pm to
midnight, and are managed by cooperative
societies formed by the villagers that use the power.
74
75. 75
Sagar Island - Solar Island
The 11 power plants in operation supplying stable and
reliable 400 / 230V, 3 phase, 50Hz power for six to
seven hours a day through local distribution lines. The
combined capacity of the plants is 400Kw and
WBREDA estimates that a further 400Kw is needed in
order to electrify all the villages in the two islands.
Source: Ashden Trust Awards for Sustainable Energy
75
116. Solar PV Projects News
PV Technologies India (a subsidiary of
Moser Baer), Titan Energy Systems,
Reliance Industries Ltd, Tata BP Solar Power
are among the 12 Solar Photo Voltaic
projects filed under Special Incentive
Package Scheme (SIPS), which have
received in-principle clearance from the
Government.
Together, these 12 projects would entail an
investment of Rs 76,500 crore over a 10-
year period.
116
129. The Energy & Resources Institute, [TERI]
New Delhi
FROM SUNLIGHT TO ELECTRICITY
A practical handbook on solar photovoltaic
applications
(Second Edition), 2010
ISBN 978-81-7993-156-1
TERI Press
TERI, Darbari Seth Block,
IHC Complex, Lodhi Road,
New Delhi 110 003
www.teriin.org
129
133. SOLAR ELECTRICITY
SOLAR ELECTRICITY,(second Edition), Edited
by Tomas Markvart, University of
Southampton, UK, John Wiley & sons, 2000
Contents
1 Electricity from the Sun
2 Solar Radiation
3 Solar Cells
4 Photo voltaic Engineering
5 Applications
6 Environmental Impacts of Photovoltaics
7 Advanced and Specialised Topics
133
134. 134
Reference books
S. Roberts: Solar Electricity – A practical guide to
designing and installing photovoltaic
systems. Prentice Hall, 1991.
G. Foley: Photovoltaic Applications in Rural Areas of
the Developing World. World Bank, 1995.
International Energy Agency Photovoltaic
Power Systems Programme
www.iea-pvps.org/
135. Useful websites
135
http://www.pvpower.c
om/
Contains a wealth of
information including
PV glossary,
bibliography, system
design software, PV
standards, units and
conversion factors,
and environmental
safety and health
information
http://www.iea-pvps.org/
Web site of the Photovoltaic
Power Systems Programme
of the International Energy
Agency.
A wealth of information and
IEA reports: many can be
downloaded from the site.
Newsletter of the IEA PVPS
programme can be found
at
http://www.oja-
services.nl/iea-
pvps/pvpower/home.htm
138. Solar electricity
138
Volume 6 of UNESCO energy
engineering series
UNESCO energy engineering
series: Energy engineering
learning package
Author T. Markvart
Editor T. Markvart
Edition 2, illustrated
Publisher John Wiley and
Sons, 2000
ISBN 0471988529,
9780471988526
Length 280 pages
139. Designing with solar power: a source book for
building integrated photovoltaics (BiPV)
139
Designing with Solar Power is the result
of international collaborative research
and development work carried out
within the remit of the International
Energy Agency's Photovoltaic Power
Systems Programme (IEA PVPS), where
world-wide and interdisciplinary
expert experience on building-
integrated photovoltaics has been
brought together .