The document discusses India's Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission, a major government initiative to promote solar energy. The mission has 3 phases running from 2010-2022 with targets to increase solar thermal collectors, off-grid applications, and grid-connected solar power. It aims to make a major contribution to India's energy security and reduce climate change impacts. Key components of solar photovoltaic systems are discussed including panels, batteries, charge controllers, inverters and the balance of system components. India has good potential for solar power given its sunlight availability. Standards and research facilities support the development and use of solar technologies in India.
A cost effective solar charge controllereSAT Journals
Abstract
This paper contains the design, construction and implementation of an efficient solar charge controller at low cost. The charge controller is implemented using an inexpensive PIC microcontroller with the help of solar panel and battery. It is also simulated by using Proteus ISIS ® Professional package for different PV cell and battery voltage levels. This solar charge controller (SCC) has the properties to disconnect as well as reconnect the battery during battery overcharging condition or under discharging condition. LCD is used here as the battery voltage level indicator and to display load connection and disconnection status. LED is used to show the condition of the charge controller. This charge controller deals with the PIC16F73 microcontroller and MOSFET to control the system and coordinate with the activity in the SCC. The source code for the PIC16F73 microcontroller is written in the professional programming language Proton IDE to obtain very accurate and effective connecting or disconnecting action automatically. The low cost construction and practical implementation of this smart solar charge controller indicates that it functions properly .
Keywords: Microcontroller, Solar Charge Controller, MOSFET, SCC, Low cost etc…
This paper proposes the design and development of Arduino based solar charge controller with sun tracking using PWM technique. This PWM technique is employed using ATmega328P on Arduino board. The Arduino is used to charge a 12V battery using 10W solar panel. The main feature of this charge controller is to control the load. During day time when load is not connected the battery gets charged from solar panel. When battery reaches peak value of 14.7V charging current & further charging is interrupted by Arduino. An inbuilt analogue to digital converter is used to determine voltage of battery, solar panel and current drawn by the load. A solar tracking system is also implemented such that panel is always kept at right angle to incident radiation.
Major Project report "MPPT BASED BATTERY CHARGING USING SOLAR ENERGY" (or) so...ViJay ChouDhary
A Major Project Report on
MPPT BASED BATTERY CHARGING USING SOLAR
ENERGY
” in fulfillment of the requirement for
the award of the degree of Bachelor of Technology in Electrical Engineering
submitted in the Department of Electrical Engineering, MANIT, Bhopal
A photovoltaic cell or photoelectric cell is a semiconductor device that converts
light to electrical energy by photovoltaic effect. If the energy of photon of light is
greater than the band gap then the electron is emitted and the flow of electrons
creates current.
However a photovoltaic cell is different from a photodiode. In a photodiode
light falls on n-channel of the semiconductor junction and gets converted into
current or voltage signal but a photovoltaic cell is always forward biased.
The photovoltaic (pv) power technology uses semiconductor cells (wafers),
generally several square centimeters in size. The cell is basically a large area p-n
diode with the junction positioned close to the top surface. The cell converts the
sunlight into direct current electricity. Numerous cells are assembled in a module
to generate required power
Electrical and Solar PV Systems (www.solartraining.ca)Irtaza M. Syed
Overview and basics of conventional electric power distribution and solar Photo-voltaic (PV) systems. Generation, Transmission, distribution and utilization. Power flow, anti-islanding and PV systems connection to utility. PV applications and market. (www.solartraining.ca)
Intelligent Control of Wind/Photovoltaic Microgrid Information FusionTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
A full-function Micro-grid must have an advanced energy storage device. Intelligent control with
multi-information fusion was proposed either in energy storage or in grid connection control on this paper.
Control targets were acquired by mixed application of various strategies, including Micro-grid peak load
shifting be used to reduce State Utility Grid (SUG) supply pressure, SUG connection be controlled flexibly
to maintain Micro-grid load working reliably, Micro-grid power production and load supply demands of SUG
and Micro-grid be predicted to plan battery energy storage in advance, actual monitoring date be used to
control overcharge and over-discharge, State of Charge (SOC) be managed to realize battery efficient
storage and full life cycle as far as possible. All designs were integrated with forecasting and monitoring
data from different measuring points, such as Micro-grid supply side and demand side, the SOC of storage
system, the active and reactive power from SUG side, so as to control the battery charge and discharge
behavior and SUG connection operation dynamically. Micro-grid could not only operate stand-alone by
self-supply in most cases, in the case of power production surplus or equipment malfunction, the Microgrid
could also delivery energy to SUG or take power from the SUG flexibly. The scheme used fully of new
energy, could ensure region power supply reliably and be used widely in application
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
CAES SYSTEM CAES technology enables missions in the most challenging markets such as space, radar and electronic warfare. We provide cutting edge solutionsCAES technology enables missions in the most challenging markets such as space, radar and electronic warfare. We provide cutting edge solutionsCAES technology enables missions in the most challenging markets such as space, radar and electronic warfare. We provide cutting edge solutionsCAES technology enables missions in the most challenging markets such as space, radar and electronic warfare. We provide cutting edge solutions CAES technology enables missions in the most challenging markets such as space, radar and electronic warfare. We provide cutting edge solutionsCAES technology enables missions in the most challenging markets such as space, radar and electronic warfare. We provide cutting edge solutions
A cost effective solar charge controllereSAT Journals
Abstract
This paper contains the design, construction and implementation of an efficient solar charge controller at low cost. The charge controller is implemented using an inexpensive PIC microcontroller with the help of solar panel and battery. It is also simulated by using Proteus ISIS ® Professional package for different PV cell and battery voltage levels. This solar charge controller (SCC) has the properties to disconnect as well as reconnect the battery during battery overcharging condition or under discharging condition. LCD is used here as the battery voltage level indicator and to display load connection and disconnection status. LED is used to show the condition of the charge controller. This charge controller deals with the PIC16F73 microcontroller and MOSFET to control the system and coordinate with the activity in the SCC. The source code for the PIC16F73 microcontroller is written in the professional programming language Proton IDE to obtain very accurate and effective connecting or disconnecting action automatically. The low cost construction and practical implementation of this smart solar charge controller indicates that it functions properly .
Keywords: Microcontroller, Solar Charge Controller, MOSFET, SCC, Low cost etc…
This paper proposes the design and development of Arduino based solar charge controller with sun tracking using PWM technique. This PWM technique is employed using ATmega328P on Arduino board. The Arduino is used to charge a 12V battery using 10W solar panel. The main feature of this charge controller is to control the load. During day time when load is not connected the battery gets charged from solar panel. When battery reaches peak value of 14.7V charging current & further charging is interrupted by Arduino. An inbuilt analogue to digital converter is used to determine voltage of battery, solar panel and current drawn by the load. A solar tracking system is also implemented such that panel is always kept at right angle to incident radiation.
Major Project report "MPPT BASED BATTERY CHARGING USING SOLAR ENERGY" (or) so...ViJay ChouDhary
A Major Project Report on
MPPT BASED BATTERY CHARGING USING SOLAR
ENERGY
” in fulfillment of the requirement for
the award of the degree of Bachelor of Technology in Electrical Engineering
submitted in the Department of Electrical Engineering, MANIT, Bhopal
A photovoltaic cell or photoelectric cell is a semiconductor device that converts
light to electrical energy by photovoltaic effect. If the energy of photon of light is
greater than the band gap then the electron is emitted and the flow of electrons
creates current.
However a photovoltaic cell is different from a photodiode. In a photodiode
light falls on n-channel of the semiconductor junction and gets converted into
current or voltage signal but a photovoltaic cell is always forward biased.
The photovoltaic (pv) power technology uses semiconductor cells (wafers),
generally several square centimeters in size. The cell is basically a large area p-n
diode with the junction positioned close to the top surface. The cell converts the
sunlight into direct current electricity. Numerous cells are assembled in a module
to generate required power
Electrical and Solar PV Systems (www.solartraining.ca)Irtaza M. Syed
Overview and basics of conventional electric power distribution and solar Photo-voltaic (PV) systems. Generation, Transmission, distribution and utilization. Power flow, anti-islanding and PV systems connection to utility. PV applications and market. (www.solartraining.ca)
Intelligent Control of Wind/Photovoltaic Microgrid Information FusionTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
A full-function Micro-grid must have an advanced energy storage device. Intelligent control with
multi-information fusion was proposed either in energy storage or in grid connection control on this paper.
Control targets were acquired by mixed application of various strategies, including Micro-grid peak load
shifting be used to reduce State Utility Grid (SUG) supply pressure, SUG connection be controlled flexibly
to maintain Micro-grid load working reliably, Micro-grid power production and load supply demands of SUG
and Micro-grid be predicted to plan battery energy storage in advance, actual monitoring date be used to
control overcharge and over-discharge, State of Charge (SOC) be managed to realize battery efficient
storage and full life cycle as far as possible. All designs were integrated with forecasting and monitoring
data from different measuring points, such as Micro-grid supply side and demand side, the SOC of storage
system, the active and reactive power from SUG side, so as to control the battery charge and discharge
behavior and SUG connection operation dynamically. Micro-grid could not only operate stand-alone by
self-supply in most cases, in the case of power production surplus or equipment malfunction, the Microgrid
could also delivery energy to SUG or take power from the SUG flexibly. The scheme used fully of new
energy, could ensure region power supply reliably and be used widely in application
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
CAES SYSTEM CAES technology enables missions in the most challenging markets such as space, radar and electronic warfare. We provide cutting edge solutionsCAES technology enables missions in the most challenging markets such as space, radar and electronic warfare. We provide cutting edge solutionsCAES technology enables missions in the most challenging markets such as space, radar and electronic warfare. We provide cutting edge solutionsCAES technology enables missions in the most challenging markets such as space, radar and electronic warfare. We provide cutting edge solutions CAES technology enables missions in the most challenging markets such as space, radar and electronic warfare. We provide cutting edge solutionsCAES technology enables missions in the most challenging markets such as space, radar and electronic warfare. We provide cutting edge solutions
Photovoltaic conversion of light to electricity has many applications. In tropical country like India, both the thermal and PV find plenty of applications.
The main objective of solar smart mobile is used as a solar charge system for mobile phones / tablets as spare charge source for emergency purpose which is also inbuilt of the mobile / mobile jacket.
Latest ppt on renewable energy sources power generation in world and india has been included ind the presentation. This might be helpful for those keen to know renewable power comparison in world and india
Measures for prevention, control and abatement of environmental pollution in river Ganga and to ensure continuous adequate flow of water so as to rejuvenate the river Ganga.
CW RADAR, FMCW RADAR, FMCW ALTIMETER, AND THEIR PARAMETERSveerababupersonal22
It consists of cw radar and fmcw radar ,range measurement,if amplifier and fmcw altimeterThe CW radar operates using continuous wave transmission, while the FMCW radar employs frequency-modulated continuous wave technology. Range measurement is a crucial aspect of radar systems, providing information about the distance to a target. The IF amplifier plays a key role in signal processing, amplifying intermediate frequency signals for further analysis. The FMCW altimeter utilizes frequency-modulated continuous wave technology to accurately measure altitude above a reference point.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
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Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
3. • The Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission,
is a major initiative of the Government of India
and State Governments to promote ecologically
sustainable growth while addressing India’s
energy security challenge.
• It will also constitute a major contribution by
India to the global effort to meet the challenges
of climate change.
• This is one of the several initiatives that are
part of National Action Plan on Climate Change.
The program was officially inaugurated in 2010
by Prime Minister of India, Manmohan Singh.
4. JAWAHARLAL NEHRU NATIONAL SOLAR MISSION
The deployments across the application segments is envisaged
as follows
TARGET
S.
No
Application Segment Phase 1
(2010-13)
Phase 2
(2013- 17)
Phase 3
(2017-22)
1 Solar Thermal
Collectors
7
Million sq.
metres
15
Million sq.
metres
20
Million sq.
metres
2 Off Grid Applications 200 MW 1000 MW 2000 MW
3 Grid power, including
Roof top and small
plants
1,100 MW 4000-10,000
MW
20000
MW
5.
6.
7.
8. PV systems
• are easily transportable and Installable.
• can be used to generate electricity
where it will be used,
• even at locations the electric grid
doesn’t reach.
• PV is also modular, so installations can
be scaled to the appropriate size for a
given use
9. Small as well as medium scale
• PV’s scalability allows it to be used for both
large-scale power plants and to
• power handheld calculators, and it
distinguishes PV from fossil fuel based power.
• PV can be installed on buildings, parking lots
and other developed areas without interfering
with human activities.
10. Solar energy can be integrated into virtually
every part of Indian life—
• the homes we live in,
• the offices where we work,
• the farms and factories that produce the
products we buy, and
• the schools where our children learn.
• With creativity and sound public policy,
solar energy can make a major contribution
to India’s energy future.
11. In solar photovoltaics, sunlight is converted into
electricity using a device called solar cell
• A solar cell is a
semiconducting device
made up of silicon or
other materials, which
when exposed to
sunlight, generates
electricity.
17. The Thar
Desert in India
is also a
promising
location for a
solar energy.
18.
19. An example of a complete set of beam normal
insolation data for a given location is shown in Figure
20.
21.
22. Capacities of SPV
modules
• SPV modules of various capacities are
available, and are being used for a variety of
applications. Theoretically, a PV module of
any capacity (voltage and current) rating can
be fabricated. However, the standard
capacities available in the country range from
5 Wp to 120 Wp. The voltage output of a PV
module depends on the number of solar cells
connected in series inside the module.
23.
24.
25. Science & technology of solar
Cells & Modules
Types of silicon solar cells
(Mono- crystalline, multi- crystalline, and
Amorphous, Thin film)
Energy efficiency
26. Energy efficiency
• A solar cell's energy conversion efficiency (η,
"eta"), is the percentage of power converted
(from absorbed light to electrical energy) and
collected, when a solar cell is connected to an
electrical circuit. This term is calculated using the
ratio of Pm, divided by the input light
irradiance under "standard" test conditions (E, in
W/m2) and the surface area of the solar
cell (Ac in m²).
27.
28. Standard Current-Voltage (I-V) Curve
• The I-V Curve is an important technical aspect
of a solar module, the basis for understanding
all PV array design. It represents the possible
values of output current (I) and voltage (V)
that a solar module can deliver under specific
environmental conditions.
30. Reading the I-V Curve
• If the module is outputting to a 12-volt
battery, you can determine the watts output
to the battery from the graph. Read up from
12 volts to the IV curve and then over to the
Amperes scale to find that the current output
would be about 5.9 amps. Since power (in
watts) equals voltage times current, this
means that the module would be outputting
into the battery at a rate of about 71 watts.
39. Important Components other than the PV Module
‘Balance of System’ (BOS)
• Batteries for Storage of Electricity
• Electronic Charge Controller
• Inverter
• Mounting structure and tracking device
40. Battery banks
• Batteries are charged during the day time
using the DC power generated by the
SPV module.
• The battery bank supplies power to loads
during the night or non-sunny hours.
41.
42. Inverter fundamentals
• The inverters transform the DC power from
solar modules into AC power to match the grid
and be useful for most house loads.
• The inverter is a power conditioner that creates
pure sine wave power (AC.) This power is
cleaner than the grid because it is conditioned
right on site.
43. Maximum Power Point Tracking
(MPPT).
• Inverters also maximize the power output of the
solar array in a function known as Maximum
Power Point Tracking (MPPT). Solar modules
produce the power at the voltage they are
connected to.
• The maximum power point voltage changes as
the sun moves throughout the day and the
current (amps) gets higher and lower.
• This allows the inverter to produce the most
amount of power at any given time without frying
its circuitry.
44. Inverter failure
• Inverters are the one component that needs to be replaced
periodically. Most systems installed today use a single inverter
for the entire system, so when it fails, the whole system stops
providing electricity to the home.
• Possibly with an inverter for each panel or small group of
panels may be a solution. This has several advantages:
• If an inverter fails, only one panel of the system will be affected,
which will be reported in our daily monitoring.
• This allows for better scalability, in that we do not need to have
different inverter capacities for different system sizes.
• The efficiency of the system is improved, since DC loses more
energy than AC going through a wire.
45. Available space
• A crucial factor is having enough space in the sun
with the proper orientation.
• The average home needs about a 5 kW system to
offset their annual usage.
• To calculate the physical size of this system, you
can use this simple rule of thumb:
• 10 W / ft2 of space
• A 5 kW system covers about 500 ft2 of roof or
ground area.
• 5000 W / 10 W/ft2 = 500 ft2
46. Charge controllers/regulators -1
• Why do you need a controller?
• Main function is to fully charge a battery
without permitting overcharge. If a solar array
is connected to lead acid batteries with no
overcharge protection, battery life will be
compromised. Simple controllers contain a
relay that opens a charging circuit terminating
the charge at a pre-set high voltage and once
a pre-set low voltage is reached, closes the
circuit, allowing charging to continue.
47. Charge controllers/regulators - 2
• More sophisticated controllers have several
stages and charging sequences to assure the
battery is being fully charged. The first 70% to
80% of battery capacity is easily replaced. It is
the last 20% to 30% that requires more
attention and therefore more capacity.
48. Charge controllers/regulators -3
• The circuitry in a controller reads the voltage
of the battery to determine the state of
charge.
• Designs and circuits vary, but most controllers
read voltage to reduce the amount of power
flowing into the battery as the battery nears
full charge.
51. solar electric generating plant
• The largest solar electric
generating plant in the
world produces a
maximum of 354
megawatts (MW) of
electricity and is located
at Kramer Junction,
California. It produces
electricity for the grid
supplying the greater
Los Angeles area.
56. Located at the 19th Milestone on the Gurgaon–
Faridabad road just outside the boundary of Delhi.
• Solar cell testing
• Photovoltaic module
testing
• Testing of lighting systems
• SPV pump testing
• Battery testing for PV
applications
• Long-term performance
evaluation of PV modules
• Resource assessment
• Technology
demonstration &
assessment
• SPV power plant
• Research and
Development
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68. PV power output management can be achieved with battery or other
electrochemical storage, pumped hydroelectric storage, or with diesel-
generator backup.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
90.
91.
92. The top five in solar technology utilisation
for Solar PV Grid connected are:
Germany
Japan
U S A
Spain
France
93.
94.
95.
96.
97.
98.
99.
100.
101. Issues in managing solar electricity: References
• Denholm, P and R. M. Margolis, 2007, ‘Evaluating the
limits of Solar Photovoltaics in Traditional Electric
Power Systems’, Energy Policy, Vol 35, pp 2852 - 2861
• Denholm, P and R. M. Margolis, 2007, ‘Evaluating the
limits of Solar Photovoltaics in Electric Power
Systems Utilizing Energy Storage and other Enabling
Technologies’, Energy Policy, Vol 35, pp 4424 – 4433
• Lamont, Alan, 2008, ‘Assessing the Long Term System
Value of Intermittent Electric Generation
Technologies’, Energy Economics, , Vol 39, pp 1208 –
1231
102. Comparison of PV and Diesel-generator power
• Kolhe, Mohanlal, Sunitha Kolhe and J.C. Joshi, 2002,
“ Economic viability of stand alone photovoltaic
system in comparison with diesel powered system for
India”, Energy Economics, vol24, pp 155 – 165.
• Stand alone PV systems in remote areas of India are
compared with the diesel-powered systems through
sensitivity analysis. PV systems are found to be the
lowest cost option for the daily energy demand of 15
kWh/day under unfavourable economic conditions
and upto 68 kWh / day under favourable conditions.
103.
104.
105.
106.
107. Textbooks of Solar energy Engineering
1. Principles of Solar Engineering, D. Yogi Goswamy,
Frank Kreith, Jan. F. Kreider, 2nd Edition, Taylor &
Francis, 2000, Indian Reprint, 2003, Ch. 9,
Photovoltaics, pp 411-446
2. Fundamentals for Solar Energy Conversion, Edward.
E. Anderson, Addison Wesley Publ. Co., 1983.
3.Fundamentals of Renewable Energy Sources, G. N.
Tiwari and M. K. Ghosal, Narosa Publ. House, New
Delhi, 2007, Ch. 2, Solar Energy, Ch. 3 Photovoltaic
systems pp 52 - 165
108. Textbooks of Solar energy Engineering
4. Wind and Solar Power systems, Mukund R Patel,
2nd Edition, Taylor & Francis, 2001
5. Roger Messenger and Jerry Ventre, Photovoltaic
Systems engineering, 2nd edition, CRC Press. 2003.
6.Solar Energy, 3rd edition, S.P. Sukhatme and J. K.
Nayak, Tata McGraw-Hill Publ. Co., N. Delhi., 2008,
Ch. 9, Section 1, pp 313 - 331
109. An important reference book for PV
Systems
• Practical Handbook of Photovoltaics:
Fundamentals and Applications
Edited by: Tom Markvart and Luis Castaner
[2003]
110. Handbook of photovoltaic science and engineering
• Antonio Luque, Steven Hegedus
John Wiley and Sons, 2003 - 1138
pages
Handbook of Photovoltaic Science
and Engineering incorporates the
most recent technological
advances and research
developments in Photovoltaics. All
topics relating to the photovoltaic
(PV) industry are discussed and
each chapter has been written by
an internationally-known expert in
the field.
111. Photovoltaic solar energy generation
Adolf Goetzberger, Volker U. Hoffmann
• Springer, 2005 - Technology
& Engineering - 232 pages
• This comprehensive description
and discussion of photovoltaics
(PV) is presented at a level that
makes it accessible to the
interested academic. Starting
with an historical overview, the
text outlines the relevance of
photovoltaics today and in the
future. Then follows an
introduction to the physical
background of solar cells and
the most important materials
and technologies, with
particular emphasis …..