Basic knowledges about soil preparation

2. Rotavating
Plot
Weed
Strips
Puddle
Trench
Overturn
Narrow beds
Harrowing
Clods
Flood
Stubbles
Moldboard
Aerate
Debrias
Seedling emergence
Strip till
Coulter
Ditch
Seedling
Leveling the field

3. The main purposeof land preparation
is to have the soil in optimum physical
condition for growing crops. Plowing
and tilling of land is done to
predeterminedlevels that allow
plants to develop a good root system.
Soil cultivation or digging may be
hard workbut, if taken slowly, it need
not be back-breaking.

4. All bare soil is suitable for cultivating (or digging). However,digging around
plants is best avoidedas it damages rootsand so can be harmful.

5. Digging is called 'primary
cultivation' (and could also be
carried out by a mechanical
rotavator).

6. Single digging: Turning over the soil to a spade’s (or fork’s) depth is called
single digging
Double digging: This involves inverting a second, deeper layer of soil. This
may be hard work but it is perfect for creating new borders and deepening
shallow topsoil.
Where digging is not practical, consider sowing and planting into undug soil.
Firstly, remove the weeds either by hand, with a flamegun or with weedkiller
(containing glyphosate). Loosenthe soil, if necessary,with a fork or hoe.

7. Tillage is the practice of plowing soil to prepare for planting or for nutrient
incorporation or for pest control. Tillage varies in intensity from
conventional to no-till. It may improve productivity by warming the soil,
incorporating fertilizer and controlling weeds, but also renders soil more
prone to erosion, triggers the decomposition of organic matter releasing
CO2, and reducesthe abundance and diversity of soil organisms.

8. Creation of aseedbedor rootbed
Control of weeds or the removal of
unwanted crop plants
Incorporation of plant residues into the
soil profile

9. Incorporation of fertilizers and/or
soil-applied pesticides
Establishment of specific soil
surface configurations for planting,
irrigating, drainage, and/or harvesting
operations