The study covered 16 villages in Uvinza District, Kigoma with the objective of assessing soil fertility as well assessing alternative crops for that District
CA implementation in irrigated summer and winter field crops by integrating r...mohammad reza mehrvar
Conservation Agriculture in its applicable form format for a successful production of crops in irrigated environment is completely different from rainfed or dryland farming. In this presentation, the focus is on irrigated wheat including applied system approaches compatible with each other for a sustainable positively forwarding wheat base cropping system.
CA implementation in irrigated summer and winter field crops by integrating r...mohammad reza mehrvar
Conservation Agriculture in its applicable form format for a successful production of crops in irrigated environment is completely different from rainfed or dryland farming. In this presentation, the focus is on irrigated wheat including applied system approaches compatible with each other for a sustainable positively forwarding wheat base cropping system.
Production of food in resource-constrained environments that have poor inherent soil nutrition depends on tillage and cropping systems that provide high yields, preserve soil, water and biodiversity. This research was conducted in the Guinea savannah agroecology of Ghana, during the 2015-2016 cropping seasons to evaluate the impact of tillage and cropping systems on sustainable production of maize and soybean by resource-poor farmers. The experiment was a split-split plot design with four replications. The factors consisted of tillage system at three levels (plough, ripping and direct-seeding) laid out as main plots, fertilizer rate at three levels (0 kg/ha, half the recommended rate of 30-15-15 kg/ha and the recommended optimum rate of 60-30-30 kg/ha NPK) laid as sub-plots and cropping system at two levels (sole maize, maize-soybean intercrop) laid on the sub-sub plot. Apart from leaf area that had significant three-way interaction of tillage, cropping system and fertilizer rate (p < 0.05), all other growth parameters were affected by either two factor interaction or a sole factor. Grain yield of maize was significantly influenced by sole maize and fertilizer rate with highest yield occurring under the full rate (3.4 t/ha) compared with the half rate (2.7 t/ha), amounting to yield difference of about 700 kg/ha. Yield of soybean under the integrated production was affected by interaction of tillage system and fertilizer rate. Highest soybean yield (1.4 t/ha) was recorded under the ploughed condition at the full rate of fertilizer application. Though sole maize, ploughed and with full rate of fertilizer application, gave similar benefit/cost ratio as that of the integrated production with half rate of fertilizer application, the intercropped system with half fertilizer rate resulted in 45% more increases in profit compared to the sole production with full fertilizer rate. Integrated production of maize and soybean, with half the recommended rate of NPK (30-15-15 kg/ha) is therefore recommended to resource-poor farmers in northern Ghana.
A field experiment on ‘Effect of nutrient management on grain yield of aerobic rice under irrigated condition during Pre-kharif season’ was conducted at Rice Research Station, Bankura, West Bengal, India during 2011 and 2012, respectively in upland situation of red and laterite areas of West Bengal. The experimental result revealed that grain yield of rice in aerobic situation was not significantly influenced by the irrigation schedules during pre-kharif season. Among the levels of nutrient management practices, highest grain yield (4.42 t ha-1) of aerobic rice [variety: Puspa (IET 17509)] was obtained from the treatment N2 [N1 (N, P2O5, K2O @ 80, 40, 40 kg ha-1) + Vermicompost @ 2.5 t ha-1]. It is the most promising approaches for saving water and labour. This is eco-friendly and environmentally safety. Rice production in aerobically is an important tool to mitigating the global warming i.e. climate change scenario.
The agroecological zones of Bangladesh have been identified on the basis of four elements such as physiography, soils, land levels in relation to flooding and agroclimatology. ... These 30 zones have been subdivided into 88 agroecological sub-regions, which have been further subdivided into 535 agroecological units.
By; Mahedi Hasan Zahid
Student at IUBAT Under the College of Agricultural Sciences.
Batch; 192
Conservation agriculture in the context of climate change in West AfricaRobert Zougmoré
One of CCAFS over-arching objectives is to assess and test pro-poor adaptation and mitigation practices, technologies and policies for food systems, adaptive capacity and rural livelihoods. Conservation agriculture (CA) is one of the promising climate-smart agriculture options as it allows benefiting from the synergies between adaptation and mitigation while also improving the livelihoods of smallholder farmers. As such, CA promotion needs to be tapped into the general framework for a sound and widespread adoption of evidence-based technologies in West Africa. Getting the big pictures to insure millions of farmers will require sound scaling-up approaches of successful CA options for the semi-arid West Africa.
SALT is a diversified farming system which can be considered agroforestry since rows of permanent shrubs like coffee, cacao, citrus and other fruit trees are dispersed throughout the farm plot.
The strips not occupied by permanent crops, however, are planted alternately to cereals (corn, upland rice, sorghum, etc.) or other crops (sweet potato, melon, pineapple, castor bean, etc.) and legumes (soybean, mung bean, peanut, etc.).
Production of food in resource-constrained environments that have poor inherent soil nutrition depends on tillage and cropping systems that provide high yields, preserve soil, water and biodiversity. This research was conducted in the Guinea savannah agroecology of Ghana, during the 2015-2016 cropping seasons to evaluate the impact of tillage and cropping systems on sustainable production of maize and soybean by resource-poor farmers. The experiment was a split-split plot design with four replications. The factors consisted of tillage system at three levels (plough, ripping and direct-seeding) laid out as main plots, fertilizer rate at three levels (0 kg/ha, half the recommended rate of 30-15-15 kg/ha and the recommended optimum rate of 60-30-30 kg/ha NPK) laid as sub-plots and cropping system at two levels (sole maize, maize-soybean intercrop) laid on the sub-sub plot. Apart from leaf area that had significant three-way interaction of tillage, cropping system and fertilizer rate (p < 0.05), all other growth parameters were affected by either two factor interaction or a sole factor. Grain yield of maize was significantly influenced by sole maize and fertilizer rate with highest yield occurring under the full rate (3.4 t/ha) compared with the half rate (2.7 t/ha), amounting to yield difference of about 700 kg/ha. Yield of soybean under the integrated production was affected by interaction of tillage system and fertilizer rate. Highest soybean yield (1.4 t/ha) was recorded under the ploughed condition at the full rate of fertilizer application. Though sole maize, ploughed and with full rate of fertilizer application, gave similar benefit/cost ratio as that of the integrated production with half rate of fertilizer application, the intercropped system with half fertilizer rate resulted in 45% more increases in profit compared to the sole production with full fertilizer rate. Integrated production of maize and soybean, with half the recommended rate of NPK (30-15-15 kg/ha) is therefore recommended to resource-poor farmers in northern Ghana.
A field experiment on ‘Effect of nutrient management on grain yield of aerobic rice under irrigated condition during Pre-kharif season’ was conducted at Rice Research Station, Bankura, West Bengal, India during 2011 and 2012, respectively in upland situation of red and laterite areas of West Bengal. The experimental result revealed that grain yield of rice in aerobic situation was not significantly influenced by the irrigation schedules during pre-kharif season. Among the levels of nutrient management practices, highest grain yield (4.42 t ha-1) of aerobic rice [variety: Puspa (IET 17509)] was obtained from the treatment N2 [N1 (N, P2O5, K2O @ 80, 40, 40 kg ha-1) + Vermicompost @ 2.5 t ha-1]. It is the most promising approaches for saving water and labour. This is eco-friendly and environmentally safety. Rice production in aerobically is an important tool to mitigating the global warming i.e. climate change scenario.
The agroecological zones of Bangladesh have been identified on the basis of four elements such as physiography, soils, land levels in relation to flooding and agroclimatology. ... These 30 zones have been subdivided into 88 agroecological sub-regions, which have been further subdivided into 535 agroecological units.
By; Mahedi Hasan Zahid
Student at IUBAT Under the College of Agricultural Sciences.
Batch; 192
Conservation agriculture in the context of climate change in West AfricaRobert Zougmoré
One of CCAFS over-arching objectives is to assess and test pro-poor adaptation and mitigation practices, technologies and policies for food systems, adaptive capacity and rural livelihoods. Conservation agriculture (CA) is one of the promising climate-smart agriculture options as it allows benefiting from the synergies between adaptation and mitigation while also improving the livelihoods of smallholder farmers. As such, CA promotion needs to be tapped into the general framework for a sound and widespread adoption of evidence-based technologies in West Africa. Getting the big pictures to insure millions of farmers will require sound scaling-up approaches of successful CA options for the semi-arid West Africa.
SALT is a diversified farming system which can be considered agroforestry since rows of permanent shrubs like coffee, cacao, citrus and other fruit trees are dispersed throughout the farm plot.
The strips not occupied by permanent crops, however, are planted alternately to cereals (corn, upland rice, sorghum, etc.) or other crops (sweet potato, melon, pineapple, castor bean, etc.) and legumes (soybean, mung bean, peanut, etc.).
Managing acid soils for reclaiming livelihoods in EthiopiaICRISAT
Soil acidification is the result of a complex set of processes caused both naturally and by human activity. It limits plant growth because of conditions that increase base element deficiencies, Phosphorus-fixation and toxicities of Aluminum, Manganese and Hydrogen ions.In acid soils, where Phosphorus (P) fixation is a problem, application of Farm Yard manure (FYM) releases a range of organic acids that can form stable complexes with Aluminum and Iron thereby blocking the P retention sites and releasing P. In extreme acidic soils Triticale rye with hybrid wheat was found to be producing a good crop.
Item 6: International Center for Biosaline AgricultureExternalEvents
SOIL ATLAS OF ASIA
2ND EDITORIAL BOARD MEETING
RURAL DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,
JEONJU, REPUBLIC OF KOREA | 29 APRIL – 3 MAY 2019
Resources and ecological management of agricultureuog
Resources and ecological management of agriculture
Natural resources management
Agriculture resources conjoint with environment Management of agriculture
Weed management and resources
Physical factors :Temperature Rainfall Soil
Economic factors : CULTIVATED AREAS Areas having abundant production
Areas having moderate production
Less productive areas
Sugar management and resources
Physical factors: Temperature Rain fall Soil
Cultivation areas: Areas having moderate cultivation
Less productive areas
Cotton management and resources Cotton management and resources
rain fall
Soil
Economic factors
cultivation areas
Climate Smart Agriculture in Ghana and Beyond Africabrioppong1
Conservation agriculture (CA) can be defined by a statement given by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations as "Conservation Agriculture (CA) is a farming system that can prevent losses of arable land while regenerating degraded lands.It promotes minimum soil disturbance (i.e. no-till farming), maintenance of a permanent soil cover, and diversification of plant species. It enhances biodiversity and natural biological processes above and below the ground surface, which contribute to increased water and nutrient use efficiency and to improved and sustained crop production."[1]
Agriculture according to the New Standard Encyclopedia is "one of the most important sectors in the economies of most nations" (New Standard 1992). At the same time conservation is the use of resources in a manner that safely maintains a resource that can be used by humans. Conservation has become critical because the global population has increased over the years and more food needs to be produced every year (New Standard 1992). Sometimes referred to as "agricultural environmental management", conservation agriculture may be sanctioned and funded through conservation programs promulgated through agricultural legislation, such as the U.S. Farm Bill.
The first key principle in CA is practicing minimum soil disturbance which is essential to maintaining minerals within the soil, stopping erosion, and preventing water loss from occurring within the soil. In the past agriculture has looked at soil tillage as a main process in the introduction of new crops to an area. It was believed that tilling the soil would increase fertility within the soil through mineralization that takes place in the soil. Also tilling of soil can cause severe erosion and crusting which leads to a decrease in soil fertility. Today tillage is seen as destroying organic matter that can be found within the soil cover. No-till farming has caught on as a process that can save soil organic levels for a longer period and still allow the soil to be productive for longer periods (FAO 2007). Additionally, the process of tilling can increase time and labor for producing that crop. Minimum soil disturbance also reduce destruction of soil micro and macro-organism habitats that is common in conventional ploughing practices.[2]
When no-till practices are followed, the producer sees a reduction in production cost for a certain crop. Tillage of the ground requires more money in order to fuel tractors or to provide feed for the animals pulling the plough. The producer sees a reduction in labor because he or she does not have to be in the fields as long as a conventional farmer.
Key principles of CA
The second key principle in CA is much like the first in dealing with protecting the soil. The principle of managing the top soil to create a permanent organic soil cover can allow for growth of organisms within the soil structure. This growth will break down the mulch that is left on the soil surface.
3rd Africa Rice Congress
Theme 2: Rice intensification and diversification
Mini symposia: Getting it right: Integrated approaches to enhanced and sustainable increase in rice productivity
Author: Mghase et al.
Presentation by Mike McGahuey (Sustainable Agriculture and Natural Resources Management Advisor, USAID) and Jerry Glover (Senior Sustainable Agricultural Systems Advisor, USAID) at the May 15, 2013 event "Natural Resource Management and Food Security for a Growing Population". For more information visit: http://www.wri.org/event/2013/05/natural-resource-management-and-food-security-growing-population
First meeting of the Editorial Board of the Soil Atlas of Asia, 12 - 15 March 2018, Quezon City, Philippines. The preparation of the Soil Atlas of Asia is sponsored by Joint Research Centre of the European Commission (JRC-EC).
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Diabetes is a rapidly and serious health problem in Pakistan. This chronic condition is associated with serious long-term complications, including higher risk of heart disease and stroke. Aggressive treatment of hypertension and hyperlipideamia can result in a substantial reduction in cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes 1. Consequently pharmacist-led diabetes cardiovascular risk (DCVR) clinics have been established in both primary and secondary care sites in NHS Lothian during the past five years. An audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery at the clinics was conducted in order to evaluate practice and to standardize the pharmacists’ documentation of outcomes. Pharmaceutical care issues (PCI) and patient details were collected both prospectively and retrospectively from three DCVR clinics. The PCI`s were categorized according to a triangularised system consisting of multiple categories. These were ‘checks’, ‘changes’ (‘change in drug therapy process’ and ‘change in drug therapy’), ‘drug therapy problems’ and ‘quality assurance descriptors’ (‘timer perspective’ and ‘degree of change’). A verified medication assessment tool (MAT) for patients with chronic cardiovascular disease was applied to the patients from one of the clinics. The tool was used to quantify PCI`s and pharmacist actions that were centered on implementing or enforcing clinical guideline standards. A database was developed to be used as an assessment tool and to standardize the documentation of achievement of outcomes. Feedback on the audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery and the database was received from the DCVR clinic pharmacist at a focus group meeting.
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
Micro RNA genes and their likely influence in rice (Oryza sativa L.) dynamic ...Open Access Research Paper
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs molecules having approximately 18-25 nucleotides, they are present in both plants and animals genomes. MiRNAs have diverse spatial expression patterns and regulate various developmental metabolisms, stress responses and other physiological processes. The dynamic gene expression playing major roles in phenotypic differences in organisms are believed to be controlled by miRNAs. Mutations in regions of regulatory factors, such as miRNA genes or transcription factors (TF) necessitated by dynamic environmental factors or pathogen infections, have tremendous effects on structure and expression of genes. The resultant novel gene products presents potential explanations for constant evolving desirable traits that have long been bred using conventional means, biotechnology or genetic engineering. Rice grain quality, yield, disease tolerance, climate-resilience and palatability properties are not exceptional to miRN Asmutations effects. There are new insights courtesy of high-throughput sequencing and improved proteomic techniques that organisms’ complexity and adaptations are highly contributed by miRNAs containing regulatory networks. This article aims to expound on how rice miRNAs could be driving evolution of traits and highlight the latest miRNA research progress. Moreover, the review accentuates miRNAs grey areas to be addressed and gives recommendations for further studies.
Micro RNA genes and their likely influence in rice (Oryza sativa L.) dynamic ...
Soil Fertility in Uvinza District, Kigoma Tanzania
1. Assessment of soil fertility in selected villages in Uvinza
District, Kigoma
Juma Wickama
2. This report covers 16 villages along the shores of Lake
Tanganyika in Buhingu, Igalula, Herembe and Kalya wards.
The results are those of;
Mgambo, Buhingu, Katumbi, Nkokwa,
Rukoma, Igalula, Kaparamsenga, Herembe, Kanyase,
Mgambazi, Kabusemele, Sibwesa,
Kalya, Tambusha, Kashaguru and Lufubu.
The objective of this work was to establish the basis for
integrated soil fertility management in these villages as
well promoting sustainable crop nutrition and production
3. The assignment had the following Terms of Reference (TORs);
1. Classify soils from selected locations into good soil fertility and
degraded soils (in cultivated & non-cultivated areas) depending on
nutrient levels;
2. Prepare a list of recommended crops for each of the selected locations
for soil sampling;
3. Develop a comprehensive soil fertility map for 16 program villages;
4. Draw recommendations on how to improve soil fertility in degraded
areas and on how to maintain soil fertility in non-degraded areas;
4. Terms of Reference (TORs);
5. Determine the level of appropriateness of type of fertilizer materials already
in use by smallholder famers including their application methods/rates in 16
program villages; Recommend appropriate types of fertilizer materials,
application methods and rates for each selected site in the 16 program
villages;
6. Identify the major risks associated with environmental hazards for each of
the fertilizer materials already in use and recommend risk mitigation
measures;
7. Document best practices in sustainable soil fertility management already
adopted in the study areas and;
8. Identify the appropriate conservation agricultural practices for each village
5.
6.
7. Field implementation
Field approaches;
• biophysical parameters; slopes, vegetation cover, major crops, altitudes
and landscape positions.
• Positions; GPS unit (Garmin-GPSMAP64).
• Samples collected from agricultural locations(0-20cm) and (30-50cm).
• In each village an average of 6-8 samples.
• Analysis of soil texture was performed by use of Hydrometer
method(Gee and Bauder, 1986).
• Classification of soils into textural classes was done by use of the USDA
soil textural triangle approach (USDA, 1951)
• Chemical analyses (Page, 1982)
• Good or poor areas (Baize, 1993; Landon, 1991
8. Field Implementation……
• Recommended crops were suggested based on standard land
evaluation procedures.
• Farmers were also encouraged to express crops they deemed suitable
in their area
• the final list of alternative crops suited for studied villages was done
after considering soils, climate and biophysical data of the locations
• Soil fertility maps were drawn based on ArcGIS interpolation
applications from the geo-referenced locations from which the soil
samples were drawn.
9. Field implementation…..
• Recommendations on improving soil fertility in degraded areas made based on
experiences and works of other researchers in the African region.
• Appropriateness of fertilizers being used was judged based on soil conditions
while extent of their use was estimated based on discussions with farmer groups.
• Recommendations on appropriate types of fertilizer materials and application
methods and rates for each village was based on current fertilizer
recommendations for Mainland Tanzania (Mowo et al., 1993).
• Identification of the major risks associated with environmental hazards for each
of the fertilizer materials in use was assessed in the field and so was their
mitigation measures.
• Documentation of best practices in sustainable soil fertility management already
adopted in the study areas was also made in the field while appropriate
conservation agricultural practices for each village were drawn based on
landform and soil types.
32. Vegetable crops- Vegetables and Tomatoes
• One bottle cap (4 g)/plant/ per growing season Urea = 41 kg
Nitrogen/ Hectare
33. Appropriate for use?
• Yes Urea is Okay for Use, but DAP would be a better fertilizer given
inadequacy of N and P in the area.
34. Alternative crops
Crops which can do well in the 16 villages include (with reasons in the report;
• Cashew
• Peanut
• Garlic
• Water melons
• Sunflower
• Sisal
• Robusta coffee
• Grapes, Mangoes, Avocadoes, Onions pineapple and passion fruits
35. conclusions
• soil fertility in the 16 project villages differ considerably and that villages
located in the Buhingu zone have better soil fertility conditions than those
located in the Kalya-zone
• both zones have soils of only medium to low soil fertility with serious
limitations in the availability of the major plant nutrients except Calcium
• A third of project area is deficient in zinc
• for the Kalya zone the higher proportion of sands and low CECs denies
these soils adequate storage of soil moisture and supply of plant nutrients
• For Buhingu zone soil erosion in the uplands where miombo woodlands are
paving way to agricultural fields is significant
36. Recommendations
• soil moisture management techniques are important especially for the
Kalya zone
• It is important that tree crops are given importance in the uplands of
Buhingu and similar areas to reduce soil erosion risks
• In the degraded areas, like the eroded miombo woodland fields, planting of
high-value trees like fruit trees should be encouraged
• For the salt affected areas like in the irrigation schemes, management of
irrigation water and drainage should be considered
• though many crops can be grown in the two zones, their optimal
performance can only be realized if farmers are encouraged to return plant
nutrients taken from fields
37. Current and Potential crops
Crop Swahili name
Common
name
Lifespan
Preferred soil
pH
Annual R/fall
(mm)
Temp (0C)
Recommende
d Zone
Cultivation
Elaeis
guineensis
Michikichi
African Oil
Palm
Perennial 4.5-8.0 700-4000 21-27 All current
Amaranthus
spp
mchicha Amaranthus Annual 5.2-7.5 700-2700 8-27 All current
Musa spp Migomba Bananas Perennial 6.0-6.5 400-750 21-27 All current
Phaseolus
vulgaris
Maharage Beans Annual 6.0-6.5
300 - 500 23-29
All current
Manihot
esculenta
Mihogo
Cassava
Perennial 4.0-8.0
400 - 1000 25-32
All uplands current
Brassica
chinensis
Kabeji-chinese
Chinese
cabbage
Biennial 4.3-7.5 600-4100 6-27 All current
Brassica
pekinensis
Chinese Kabeji
Chinese
Cabbage
Biennia 4.3-6.8 700-4100 6-27 All current
Zea mays Mahindi
Maize (corn)
Annual 4.5-8.3
500 - 800
21-27 All current
Abelmoschus
esculentus
Bamia Okra Annual 5.1-7.8 300-2500 13-27 All current
Arachis
hypogaea
Karanga Peanut Annual 4.5-8.3
500 - 700
13-27 Kalya current
Cajanus cajan Mbaazi Pigeon pea Perennial 4.3-8.3 300-4000 15-27 All current
Oryza sativa Mpunga
Rice
Annual 4.5-8.3 700-4000 21-27 All current
