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Niger
The document discusses the status and challenges of soil management in Niger, highlighting issues such as soil erosion, nutrient imbalances, and the impact of poor agricultural practices. It emphasizes the need for sustainable soil management (SSM) policies, capacity building, and the establishment of well-equipped soil laboratories. Additionally, it calls for awareness campaigns and stakeholder communication to improve food security and soil fertility management practices.
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Niger
- 1. Global Soil Partnership(GSP) in West Africa 20 - 22 Mai 2015 Accra, Ghana ADDAM KIARI SAIDOU, INRAN NIGER PRIORITIES FOR SUSTAINABLE SOIL MANAGEMENT
- 2. Land and Population •Area: 1 267 000 Km2 and 17 millions •Landlocked Country limited by: •Algeria and Lybia to the North, •Chad, to the East and Mali to the West •Nigeria to the South •Burkina Faso and Benin in the Western part. Water •River Niger (affluents) •Komadougou Yobé •Lac Tchad
- 3. Vegetation The vegetation isa shrubby steppe usually with species like Guiera senegalensis , Combretum nigricans , micrantum Combretum , Acacia albida , Acacia nilotica , the desert date ...
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- 6. soils •DESERTS SOILSON NORTHERN PART OF THE COUNTRY (1/2). •POORLY DEVELOPED SOILS ALMOST EVERY WHERE IN THE COUNTRY. •THE SUB-ARID BROWN SOILS THIS IS A LONG BAND FROM MALI TO CHAD•THE FERRUGINOUS TROPICAL SOILS THESE ARE FOUD IN AREA WHERE RAINFALL ARE ABUNDANT AND REGULAR. •HYDROMORPHIC SOILS : TARKA VALLEY, GOULBIN KABA AND GOULBIN MARADI. ALSO PRESENT IN RIVER NIGER. •VERTISOLS CLOSE TO CHAD AND CLEY SEDIMENT OF DAMERGOU. . ACID SOILS (PH 4.5 TO 7) WITH LOW ORGANIC MATTER CONTENT (0.15 TO 0.7%), DEPRIVED OF PHOSPHORUS (< 10 PPM) AND NITROGEN IS ALSO LOW.
- 8. Status of thesoil in Niger •The soils are heterogeneous and require different regimes of managements and fertilizer application. •Most soils are moderately fertile but in the absence of soil amendments and appropriate cultural practices, the soil continue to lose the nutritional balance required for efficiency and sustainablity for crop production. •The most common deficient soil nutrients are phosphorus and Nitrogen. •In many areas in Niger(arable land even virgin lands) are low in available P as well as organic matter. •Nutrients imbalance translate into low crop yield.
- 9. STATUS OF SOILRESOURCES •Soil erosion – average soil loss 190 tons .year-1 on bare soil •Illegal removal of trees •Cultivation on steep slopes •Poor agricultural practices – slash & burn •Heavy rainfall •Fertilizers not affordable or available. •Nutrient imbalances in the soil •Competing uses for arable land
- 10. Soil Constraints •deforestation •Wind andwater erosion •population pressure •monoculture •Household poverty •Export crop residues • Unable to fertilize the soil
- 11. Wind and watererosion
- 12. Hedge grown fromEuphorbia balsimefera
- 13. Farmers collecting stonesto build a weir
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- 16. Zai or tassaplanting pits
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- 19. Plateau after rehabilitationwith Nardi Vallerani trenches and ripping
- 20. Constraints •Ignorance of oursoils • State withdrawal •Staff close to retirement •Outdated Laboratory equipments
- 21. POTENTIALS • Map at1 / 500.000 (1968) •Three sheets covering the southern agricultural belt •Soil testing laboratories • GIS laboratory •Human ressources
- 22. PRIORITIES Policies •SSM Policy recommendationsto governments •Create favorable socio-economic and policy environment for farmers to invest in soils •Direct investments in sustainable soil fertility management •Development of national soil science society
- 23. Capacity Building Capacity needs at individual Level •Trainingin new and quick methods of soil analysis •Training of qualified technicians and researchers Capacity needs at institutional level Establishment of well equipped soil laboratories that can be used for training national technicians.
- 24. Awareness •Food security asmain driver of SSM •Communication plan for stakeholders, including schools and public audiences •Scaling out of good practices and knowledge •Common understanding of SSM
- 25. For sustainability ofsoil Management in Niger •Fertilizers use beyond 4kg. ha-1. •Nutrient mining from crops production range between 20-50kg .ha-1 . year-1 •To regenerate the nutrient mined soil, it take 4-5 years of fallow. •Farmers ‘ fields Schools …
- 26. –Soil organic matter/ soil carbon –Maximize organic/mineral input efficiencies –Education in soil science –Platform for information exchange –Increased voice of soil scientists at policy level
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- 29. •Develop and adaptmethods for increasing efficiency of biological nitrogen fixation and Phosphorus cycling in soils/; •Develop rotations which improve soil fertility and soil conservation; •Develop, improve and adapt methods for cost effective use of: Organic fertilizers; mulching to improve water retention; minimum tillage and Cultural practices. •Develop crop/livestock/trees for SSM.
- 30. Conclusion •Policies, awareness, communication,partnership •Updating soil maps and classification for SSM •Capacity building (human and materials) •Mobile Labs. •Support for demonstration and •Dissemination of new technologies in ISFM •Train farmers in short and long term SSM Technologies and other good practices like FMNR
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