The document explains software estimation techniques, including Delphi, work breakdown structure, and functional point method, focusing on functional point analysis as a structured problem-solving technique. It outlines the steps to count function points, emphasizing the importance of understanding user requirements and data processing within applications. Ultimately, it highlights that function points are essential for measuring software size, improving cost efficiency, communication, resource allocation, and enhancing productivity and quality in software development.

1. By: Rohit Sinha

2. Estimation and its Categories
• ESTIMATION - “Estimation is the process of finding an estimate,
or approximation”.
• Software Estimation Techniques-
1) Delphi Technique.
2) Work Breakdown Structure (WBS).
3) Three Point Estimation.
4) Functional Point Method.

3. Why Measure Anything ?
• Primary purpose of any measurement program
CONTROL
MONITOR
MEASURE
HELP

4. Functional Point Analysis
• Function Point Analysis(agenda)
Structured way of Problem
Solving
Breaks into smaller
component for better
understanding and analysis
A unit of Measurement
To get average cost

5. Definition
• Function Point Analysis is a structured technique of problem
solving. It is a method to break systems into smaller components, so
they can be better understood and analyzed, and ultimately helps
the project people with a unit of measurement which is nothing but
“AVERAGE COST” .

6. How to count Function Point

7. 5 step counting process
• Determine the type of count.
• Identify the scope and boundary of the count.
• Determine the unadjusted FP count.
• Determine the Value Adjustment Factor.
• Calculate the Adjusted FP Count.

8. Terms to understand
• User identifiable – It means defined requirements for processes
and/or groups of data that are agreed upon, and understood by, both
the users and software developers.
• Control information – It means the data that influences and
elementary process of the application being counted. It tells us what,
when, or how data is to be processed.
• Elementary process - An elementary process is the smallest unit of
activity that is meaningful to the user.

9. Functional Point Mechanics
External Inputs(EI)
External Outputs(EO)
External Inquiries(EQ)
Internal Logical Files(ILF)
External Interface File(EIF)
Transaction Function
Data Function

10. External Input(EI)
• External input, is a process where the data crosses the boundary
from outside to inside the application boundary.
ILF
ILF
Application boundary Database

11. External Output(EO)
• External Output, is a process where in the data comes “out” of the
system.
• Means “DATA IS PROCESSED”
ILF ILF
Application boundary Database

12. External Enquiry(EQ)
• External Enquiry, is something which is fetched from the database
and provided to the user with some sorting, indexing.
• Means “DATA IS NOT PROCESSED”
Search document

13. Internal Logical Files(ILF)
• ILF is a database entity which resides within the application boundary
and which is maintained(added, changed, deleted, updated) by the
application itself.
Application boundary
ILF ILF

14. External Interface File(EIF)
• EIF is any kind of file which the application cannot modify but can
use the data for its use or to manipulate the result.
• Example : Tax calculation(VAT).
External
database
Search results based on the
info. processed by external
database

15. Record Element Type(RET)
• A Record Element Type (RET) is the largest user identifiable
subgroup of elements within an ILF or an EIF.
• The RET is calculated for the Data Functions.

16. File Type Reference(FTR)
• File Type Referenced (FTR) is the largest user identifiable subgroup
within the EI, EO, or EQ.
• The transaction functions EI, EO, EQ are measured by counting
FTRs and DETs that they contain.

17. Data element Type(DET)
• A data element type is a unique, user recognizable, non-repeated
field.
• The DET concept need to apply when the analysis of data function
and transaction function is carried out.

18. Visual representation
Process
ILF ILF
External Applications
Users
EO
EI
EQ
EIF EQ EI EO

19. Benefits
• Estimation(Functional point)
Reduced cost by 15-20% by
just measuring
Improves the communication of
workloads
Improves the understanding of
Business Function
Improves the allocation of
Resources

20. Conclusion
• Function Points are becoming widely accepted as the
standard metric for measuring software size.
Now that Function Points have made
adequate sizing possible, it can now be anticipated that the
overall rate of progress in software productivity and software
quality will improve. Understanding software size is the key to
understanding both productivity and quality.

21. Thanks for reading