1. Socialization is the process by which individuals learn the norms, values, behaviors, and social skills needed to function in their own culture. 2. It involves learning from several social agents including family, peers, teachers, and the media. Children progress through different stages of socialization from infancy to adolescence. 3. Related concepts include acculturation, assimilation, and enculturation - which refer to the adoption of cultural aspects by individuals or groups through contact with other cultures. Conflict is also a social process that can arise from differences in social and cultural values between groups.

1. SOCIALIZATION
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2. SOCIALIZATION
Presented by:
• Kalpana Gurung
• Purnima Timilsina
• Rajesh Kumar Yadav
• SAgun PAudel
Public Health Students @LA grandee
International college
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3. SOCIALIZATION
• It is the process of learning ,one’s own culture
values &norms.
• It is a kind of social & cultural training given by
society & culture to an individual so that he or
she may develop a balance personality in future.

4. CONT……..
Different definition
• According to Bogardus”socialization is the
process of working together of developing group
responsibility, or being guided by the welfare
needs of others.
• W.F Ogburn”socialization is the process by
which the individual learns to conform to the
norms of the group.

5. • According to Peter Worsely “socialization as the
process of transmission of culture the process
where by men learn the rules and practice of
social group.

6. Agent or agencies of
socialization
1. Family & Parents :socialization process begins
from the family. The parental &maternal
influence in the is very great.
2. Peers group:peers begin to be an influence at a
very young age, as children form friendship
with other children.

7. • The peer culture becomes more important &
effective than the parental culture in the
adolescent year of child.
3. Teachers :it is in the school that the culture is
formally transmitted & acquired .
• The learning ,the science and art, of one
generation is passed on to the next.

8. 4. Literature & mass media of communication:
The civilization that we share is constructed of
words or literature.
• The media radio,TV,magazine newspaper
gives the message in capsule form the premises
of our culture its attitude & ideologies.

9. Stage of socialization
1. The oral stage:
• This stage begins with the birth of the child &
continuous up to the completion of 1year .
• Before the birth the child in the mother’s womb
is in the foetal forms &is warm & comfortable.
• By means of crying the child establishes its oral
dependency . The child learns to give signals for
his felt needs &involved in himself & his
mother.

10. • The Anal stage:
• This stage begins soon after 1 year of age of the child &
continues up to the completion of 3 years.
• The child is taught to do some tasks such as toileting,
keeping clothes clean e.t.c
• In this stage the mother plays the dual role which helps
the child to participate in a more complex social system.

11. • The oedipal stage:
• This stage mostly starts from the 4th year of child
&extends up to the age of 12-13 years.
• It is the stage the child becomes the member of the family
.
• The child has to identify himself with the social role
ascribed to him on the basis of his sex.
• According to Freud
 The boy develops the Oedipus complex
 The girl develops the Electra complex.

12. • The Adolescence stage:
• This stage starts with the period of adolescence
• During this stage the boys & girls try to becomes free
from parental control but can’t completely escape from
the dependence on their parents.
• The parents encourage them to select their line of
education their occupation &their life partners.

13. • The Adolescence stage:
• This stage starts with the period of adolescence
• During this stage the boys & girls try to becomes free
from parental control but can’t completely escape from
the dependence on their parents.
• The parents encourage them to select their line of
education their occupation &their life partners.

14. ACCULTURATION
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15. ACCULTURATION
• When a cultural group or individuals adopt some
parts of others culture, it is called acculturation.
• According to Redfield “ acculturation
comprehense those phenomenon which results
when groups of individual having different
cultures come into continuous first hand contact
with subsequent changes in the original cultural
pattern of either one or both groups.

16. Characteristics of acculturation
1. Two way process
2. Acculturation is both optional or force
3. Cultural transmission process
4. Based on the theory of selectivity
5. Cultural contact or begins with cultural
contact
6. Process of cultural diffusion

17. For example
• There is great change in dressing fooding
& occupational pattern of neplease people
due to western influence.
• Acculturation refers to the changes that
occurs when different cultural groups into
intensive contect. As in diffusion, the
source of new cultural items is the other
society.-
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18. ASSIMILATION
• Assimilation is the fusion of one cultural
group into another.
yound
Assimilation is a process were by a person or
groups acquired the culture of another
groups.
Samuel Koenig
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19. • Assimilation is the process by which
minurities gradually adopt the pattern of
dominant culture.
j.john
It is a kind of social interaction under which
two different cultural groups fused into
one.
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20. • Assimilation is the process where by
persons and groups acquire the culture of
other groups in which they come to live ,
by adopting its attitudes and values.
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21. Characteristics of assimilation
it’s a social process ,slow but universal
one.
It’s impossible between two societies
having high socio-economics disparities.
Assimilation is a continuous process.
The speed of assimilation is determine by
level of tolerance.
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22. Factors favouring for
assimilation
Level of education
Level of tolerance
Equal social & economical status
Absence of discrimination
Absence of power and value conflict
Migration
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23. ENCULTURATION
Enculturation is a process similar to
socialization where a group ,society or an
individual acquire the socio cultural
characteristics of a society .
The human societies formulate the socio
cultural values according to their interest
and situation that’s why we find different
types of cultural pattern in different
society.
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24. Enculturation is a process of transmission
of cultural pattern between various
societies due to regular contact .
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25. “Enculturation refers to the process where
by individual members of a society acquire
the characteristics of a give culture
learning language and generally acquiring
competence in the culture”
miller
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26. CONFLICT
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27. • Conflict means struggle between the two
persons or groups having opposite
ideology and interest.
• Conflict is social process in which
individual or group seek their ends by
directly challenging the antagonist by
violence or threat of violence .-
Gillin &Gillin
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28. • Conflict mostly brings negative results. Its
negative results outweigh its positive
results.
• Conflict is universal but not continuous .it
is intermittent.
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29. • Conflict is a competition in its more
occasional, personnel and hostile forms. It
is a process of seeking to obtain rewards by
eliminating or weakening the competitors.
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30. Causes of conflict
Social and culture differences.
Group differences.
Class of interest.
Individual differences or interest.
Social change &technology .
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31. Types of conflict
Political
Gender
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32. caste:
a sense of “highness” and “lowness” of
“superiority” and “inferiority” of “holy”
and “unholy” which some caste group
have developed have been responsible for
caste conflict
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33. Racial : racial conflict is mostly due to the
physiological differences which are
apparently seen among people .(e.g. conflict
between whites &negroes)
International conflict : it refers to conflict
between two or more nation and group of
nations .it may take place for politics
,religious, economics so on.
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34. Civil war
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35. Characteristics
conflict is universal.
Conflict is conscious action as its guided by
strong human emotions and passions.
Cast conflict in neplease societies where
as racial conflict in USA.
conflict may be personal or impersonal.
Frustration and insecurity always
promotes conflict.
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36. SOCIAL PROCESS SOCIAL PROCESS 36

37. Difference between human
&animal
their activities and interests, humans and
animals have several characteristics in
common:
 Animals eat. Human beings also have to
eat.
 Animals sleep. Human beings also need
sleep.
 Animals have sex to procreate. Humans
also have
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38. There are many differences between
human and animals.
Language : language is the great thing that
human being have but animals do not
have their language through some
symbolic signs were recognized by
biologists.
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39. Civilization &culture :human beings are
civilized and they do have culture but
animals are neither civilized not they do
have any sort of culture.
Social awareness : man is a social animal
and he is always aware of the society and
culture .he obeys norms, values and
traditions if his culture but animals do not
have social awareness.
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40. Rights &duties : human beings have their
certain rights and duties to perform .but
animals do not have any rights and duties.
Consciousnesss : human being is always
conscious. they think and do . They do not
only “do”. But animals do not have high
brain to be attractive and conscious.
Human beings brain is flexible but animals
do not have flexible PROCESS
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brain. 40

41. • The distinction between the human form of
life and the animal form of life is not that
humans sleep on beds and animals sleep on
the ground.
• humans walk on two legs and many
animals walk on four legs or many animal
and almost all birds walk on two legs ( e.g.
“animal "kangaroos ,”bird "parrots )
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42. REFERENCE
• C.N shanker Rao,
A text book of sociology
• Google search
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43. SOCIAL PROCESS SOCIAL PROCESS 43