This presentation is about gender differences in the use of language from the perspective of Sociolinguistics. The contents have mostly been taken from Ronald Warhaugh's book "An Introduction to Sociolinguistics". However, some examples have also been provided from the Urdu language.
This slide contains about a linguistic branch which is soicolinguistics. It discusses about
*perspectives of sociolinguistics
*speech community
*varieties of sociolinguistics
*Pidgin and Creole
Language, Culture and Society
Social dialects
Social variation
Regional variation
Group members
Nik Nur Amalia Bt Wan Anuar Shaipu'din
Alia Atikah Bt Jaafar
Nur Ain Batrisyia Bt Mohd Zaini
This presentation is about gender differences in the use of language from the perspective of Sociolinguistics. The contents have mostly been taken from Ronald Warhaugh's book "An Introduction to Sociolinguistics". However, some examples have also been provided from the Urdu language.
This slide contains about a linguistic branch which is soicolinguistics. It discusses about
*perspectives of sociolinguistics
*speech community
*varieties of sociolinguistics
*Pidgin and Creole
Language, Culture and Society
Social dialects
Social variation
Regional variation
Group members
Nik Nur Amalia Bt Wan Anuar Shaipu'din
Alia Atikah Bt Jaafar
Nur Ain Batrisyia Bt Mohd Zaini
A description of English Language Varieties: Language Functions, Dialect Variants , Standard Language, Lingua Franca, Linguistics Variations, among others.
The results of our group discussion on sociolinguistics. We take this material from several book references. We uploaded this presentation with the aim that we can learn together especially sociolinguistics. We hope that readers can understand the contents of the material. There are many mistakes please forgive us. Thank you.
Social factors governing language variationZaraAnsari6
It is a presentation, presenting some social factors that govern language. All the factors are really well elaborated separately with no ambiguity. This presentation will be very beneficial for students to learn about social factors governing language variation.
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The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
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This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
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The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
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The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
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2. RP (Received Pronunciation) : a social
accent:
It is the accent of the best educated and the
most prestigious members of English society.
The label derives from the accent which was
“received” at the royal court. The RP was
promoted by the BBC for decades. It is a social
accent not a regional one, and it conceals a
speaker’s regional origin.
3.
4. Social dialects
Dialects are linguistic varieties which are
distinguishable by their vocabulary,
grammar and pronunciation; the speech of
people from different social, as well as
regional, groups may differ in these ways.
5. Standard English
Is a social dialect. Standard English is more
accommodating than RP, and allows for some
variation within its boundaries. It is estimated
that up to 15 percent of the British regularly use
standard British English. In Standard English, a
limited amount of grammatical variation is
acceptable.
6. Non standard dialects:
Any linguistic form that is not a part of
Standard English is regarded as “non-
standard”. The standard dialect is the first
to be codified, so other dialects are always
compared to the standard dialect.
7. Non standard is a term that gives negative
connotations. This is because the term is related
to the less prestigious classes. But we must
understand that there is nothing regarded as
bad or inferior in linguistics. Therefore,
linguistically speaking these non standard forms
are regarded as different. Some sociolinguists
use the term “vernacular” rather than “non
standard” to avoid any negative implication.
8. Vernacular forms have features that differ
from those of the standard forms. They tend
to be learnt at home and used in informal
and casual contexts. Vernacular dialects, like
vernacular languages, lack public or overt
prestige although they are valued by their
users, especially as a means of expressing
solidarity.
9. Caste dialects
People can be grouped together on the basis of
similar social and economic factors. People’s
languages reflect their social grouping when they
use different social dialects. Social dialects can be
seen clearly in Indonesia or India where social
groupings are very clear. In these countries there
area caste systems determined by birth, and strict
social rules govern the behavior of each group.
These rules govern matters like job, marriage and
dressing. These social distinctions are also reflected
in speech, and a person’s social dialect reflects his
social background.
10. Social Class dialects
• The term (social class) refers to a group of
people who share similarities in economic and
social status. Status differences are in relation
to (family background, wealth, education).
• There is a strong relationship between social
class and language patter, and that’s why
people of different social classes do not speak
the same way.
11. On the level of vocabulary:
• For example, in England there were words that
marked the upper class English people (U
speakers) from the (non U speakers). For
example, (U speakers) used “sitting room” rather
than “lounge”. They used “bag” instead of “Hand
bag”.. However, the barriers between social
groups are not fixed, because you can move up or
down the social ladder. This is because the choice
of vocabulary is superficial and can conceal/ hide
social class membership.
12. On the level of pronunciation:
• the speech of different social groups is
distinguished by frequency which they use
particular features.
• The same linguistic variable is likely to have
different values in different speech
communities.
• New York: /r/ is pronounced more by higher
social classes.
• England: /r/ is pronounced less by higher
social classes.
13. On the level of grammatical patterns
• There is also a variable that prove social
grouping. The higher social groups use more
of the standard grammatical forms and few of
non-standard or vernacular forms. For
example, the Standard English would use “she
walks every day”, “I finished my homework”,
while the vernacular would use “ she walk”
and “I finish”.
14. Grammatical Patterns
• There is a pattern of negation
called “negative concord” which means
double negation. It is not used by
Standard English as it only uses one
negation form. However, most vernacular
dialects can have more than one negative
form. It is much more frequent in lower
class rather than UMC.
as the triangle suggests, most linguistic variation will be found at the lowest socioeconomic level where regional differences abound. Further up the social ladder the amount of observable variation reduces till one reaches the pinnacle of RP – an accent used by less than 5 per cent of the British population.