This document contains a student's journal entries for a social psychology course. The entries summarize and provide examples of various social psychology concepts, including:
1) Social facilitation and how being watched by others can improve performance on simple tasks.
2) Social loafing and how individual effort can decrease in large groups as people are more likely to "goof off".
3) The halo effect in marketing where experience with one product from a company positively influences perceptions of other products from the same company.
4) Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and how behaviors can be motivated by internal enjoyment or external rewards/punishments.
5) The ABC model of attitudes which describes the affective, behavioral,
The process of analyzing personality in terms of ego states is called structural analysis. Eric Berne defined an ego state as a consistent pattern of feeling and experience directly related to a corresponding consistent pattern of behaviour.
The process of analyzing personality in terms of ego states is called structural analysis. Eric Berne defined an ego state as a consistent pattern of feeling and experience directly related to a corresponding consistent pattern of behaviour.
Stephen Karpman in his article Options developed the idea that we can choose to transact in whatever way we like. In particular, we can choose new way of transacting so as to break out of familiar uncomfortable locked interchanges with others.
This is just a Basic introduction designed in a Beginner friendly mode . Hope this would help understanding the Human transactions and adjusting self whenever required to seek smoother relationship .
Executive and real self (Transactional analysis / TA is an integrative approa...Manu Melwin Joy
When an ego state is dictating a person’s behavior, that ego state is said to have executive power. When a person experiences himself to be in a particular ego state, we say he is experiencing that ego state as his real self.
Transaction analysis is about how two people communicate with each other and how they can improve their behavior and overall personality. As a result it helps in improving interpersonal communication
Structure and function (Transactional analysis / TA is an integrative approac...Manu Melwin Joy
To use the ego state model effectively, you need clear understanding of the differences between structure and function. The functional model classifies observed behavior. The structural model classifies stored memories and strategies.
Social Intelligence (SI) is the ability to successfully build relationships and navigate social environments.
Our society puts a huge emphasis on book smarts and IQ, but our relationships effect a much bigger part of our lives.
Social smarts are far more important than your book smarts.
Building strong social relationships is worth the effort:
Strong relationships improve our immune system and help combat disease.
Loneliness and weak relationships are one of the major sources of stress, health problems and depression.
Our relationships affect every area of our lives–from colleagues to spouses to friends to kids.
In an ulterior transaction, two messages are conveyed at the same time. One of these is an overt or social level message. The other is a covert or psychological level message. Most often, the social level content is Adult-Adult. The psychological level messages are usually either Parent –Child or Child –Parent.
Recognizing ego states (Transactional analysis / TA is an integrative approac...Manu Melwin Joy
Eric Berne listed four ways of recognizing ego states. He called them as Behavioral diagnosis, Social diagnosis, Historical diagnosis and Phenomenological diagnosis.
A person with ego boundary lesions is one who exhibits uncontrollable behavior when “sore points” are touched.
This person’s psyche has been seriously injured by one traumatic event or by a series of unhappy experiences during childhood. When something rubs the sore spot, the injury may break open with an outpouring of strong, irrational emotion.
Frame of reference and redefining - transactional analysis - Manu Melwin JoyManu Melwin Joy
The frame of reference is defined by the Schiffs as the structure of associated responses which integrates the various ego states in response to specific stimuli.
Stephen Karpman in his article Options developed the idea that we can choose to transact in whatever way we like. In particular, we can choose new way of transacting so as to break out of familiar uncomfortable locked interchanges with others.
This is just a Basic introduction designed in a Beginner friendly mode . Hope this would help understanding the Human transactions and adjusting self whenever required to seek smoother relationship .
Executive and real self (Transactional analysis / TA is an integrative approa...Manu Melwin Joy
When an ego state is dictating a person’s behavior, that ego state is said to have executive power. When a person experiences himself to be in a particular ego state, we say he is experiencing that ego state as his real self.
Transaction analysis is about how two people communicate with each other and how they can improve their behavior and overall personality. As a result it helps in improving interpersonal communication
Structure and function (Transactional analysis / TA is an integrative approac...Manu Melwin Joy
To use the ego state model effectively, you need clear understanding of the differences between structure and function. The functional model classifies observed behavior. The structural model classifies stored memories and strategies.
Social Intelligence (SI) is the ability to successfully build relationships and navigate social environments.
Our society puts a huge emphasis on book smarts and IQ, but our relationships effect a much bigger part of our lives.
Social smarts are far more important than your book smarts.
Building strong social relationships is worth the effort:
Strong relationships improve our immune system and help combat disease.
Loneliness and weak relationships are one of the major sources of stress, health problems and depression.
Our relationships affect every area of our lives–from colleagues to spouses to friends to kids.
In an ulterior transaction, two messages are conveyed at the same time. One of these is an overt or social level message. The other is a covert or psychological level message. Most often, the social level content is Adult-Adult. The psychological level messages are usually either Parent –Child or Child –Parent.
Recognizing ego states (Transactional analysis / TA is an integrative approac...Manu Melwin Joy
Eric Berne listed four ways of recognizing ego states. He called them as Behavioral diagnosis, Social diagnosis, Historical diagnosis and Phenomenological diagnosis.
A person with ego boundary lesions is one who exhibits uncontrollable behavior when “sore points” are touched.
This person’s psyche has been seriously injured by one traumatic event or by a series of unhappy experiences during childhood. When something rubs the sore spot, the injury may break open with an outpouring of strong, irrational emotion.
Frame of reference and redefining - transactional analysis - Manu Melwin JoyManu Melwin Joy
The frame of reference is defined by the Schiffs as the structure of associated responses which integrates the various ego states in response to specific stimuli.
I need to address the following. What is being done to address theNarcisaBrandenburg70
I need to address the following. What is being done to address the mental health disparities in the United States? What professional organization(s) are affiliated with mental health/disparities? I'll also need to do the abstract on this topic
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Example 1
One of the most interesting concepts and ideas about behaviors in organizations that I personally could relate to as a student is motivation. In my opinion, motivation is one of the main reasons I’m able to keep going when studying. Organizational Behavior explores this topic and looks at it in different perspectives where it makes it easier to comprehend and implement. Parijat & Bagga (2014) have mentioned in their motivation theory research article that motivation in private or public enterprises is mandatory. It was also mentioned that “Humans are basically psychological beings and need inspiration whether extrinsic or intrinsic for achieving organizational as well their personal objectives and goals.” (Parijat & Bagga, 2014, p.1). If you compare two pieces of work, one done by a motivated person and the other done by a non-motivated person, you could easily notice the differences between them, the motivated one being more put-together and presentable, the other looking less interesting and rushed.
Example 2
This essay is a reflection of my learning throughout the organizational behavior course. I will be focusing on the topic attitude and job satisfaction which will split into three sections. The first section aims to discuss the knowledge gained during the course, the second section will focus on the ideas and concepts of behaviors with organizations. In the last section, I will discuss the difficulties I have faced throughout the course.
Example 3
On the other hand, The ideas and concepts about behaviors with organizations have made me relate to my personal life. One of the positive learning outcomes is that when I had the experience to become a vendor in an event. I have faced many problems, one of them was being bound to encounter angry customers. My behavior toward this problem while the angry customer was talking, I was attentive listening and understanding their feelings and point of view, later I apologized and tried to find a solution. The negative concept that is related to my personal life is during this pandemic crisis I am restricted from the freedom that made me stuck in a very limited space and this resulted in my stress and became very nervous. Therefore, I acknowledge that stress and nervousness are behavior to my attitude. I have faced one difficulty throughout this course which was not knowing the differences between attitude and behavior. This difficulty turned into beneficial knowledge ...
Question 1Pick a Side Behaviorist of CognitivistPrior to engagi.docxssuser774ad41
Question 1
Pick a Side: Behaviorist of Cognitivist
Prior to engaging in this discussion, be sure to review Chapters 3 and 4 from your text and any relevant Instructor Guidance. This guidance can be very helpful as it may include strategies that support your preferred learning.
For this discussion, please choose one of the two options: behaviorism or cognitivism. Taking on the role of either a behaviorist or a cognitivist, you will demonstrate your understanding of your chosen psychological view by explaining why your theory and its history are important for others to understand and apply.
Based on your own experiences, the resources listed above, and the scholarly article from the Ashford University Library you locate, analyze how learning and theory apply in real-life situations by listing the pros and cons of each.
Provide evidence for your stance from your resources.
Please describe two real-life scenarios you have experienced and explain how you applied these psychological principles to the personal, social, or educational issues you mention. Please do not share anything that you would be uncomfortable discussing in a public forum.
Based on the camp you chose, continue to answer the following:
Additional behaviorist questions to consider:
Do you agree with the behaviorist view that learning can be described simply in terms of stimulus-response relationships?
Do you agree with the behaviorist view that learning only occurs if there is an outward manifestation? Why, or why not?
What are the potential advantages of defining learning as a change in behavior when considering your own career (or future career) and/or in your relationships?
Additional cognitivist questions to consider:
Do you agree with the cognitivist view that thinking is not a behavior but actually creates important implications affecting behavior
Why do cognitivists disagree with the behaviorist view that learning only occurs if there is an outward manifestation? What are the implications to the behavior(s) it identifies?
Cognitivism suggests that what we know to be true affects our behaviors and how we learn, What implications might this have in your own career (or future career) and/or in your relationships?
Example answer:
This week I will be taking the role of a behaviorist. Behaviorism focuses on overt or visible behavior meaning being able to witness a behavior being played out. Behaviorist John B. Watson believed that “rather than studying subjective feelings such as hunger, we should study visible behavior such as eating” (Lieberman, 2012, pg. 21). Behaviorists also argued that instead of speculating about what a person might be thinking, it would work best to present rewards, for example, then observe the effects it produces. It does not take into account thoughts or feelings the way that Cognitivism does, behaviorism focuses on outward manifestation instead.
A pro of behaviorism is that it can be observed therefore making it easy to measure with the naked ...
1. SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING AND
DESIGN THE DESIGN SCHOOL
FOUNDATION IN NATURAL BUILD
ENVIRONMENT
2014 FNBE AUGUST INTAKE
Social Psychology Assignment 1-
Individual Journal
Name: Marco Leong Wong Ka Henn
Student ID: 0320026
Session: Monday 4pm-6pm
Course: Foundation in Natural and Built Environments
Submission Date: 27/4/15
2. Entry 1: Social Facilitation
Social facilitation is the tendency for people to do better on simple
tasks when in the presence of other people. A person's behavioural pattern
may changes depends on whether one is appreciated by others or not.
This implies that, in our daily lives that whenever people are being
watched by others, they will do well or even better than usual on things
that they are already good at doing.
For example, I was in the gym last month. I was lifting weights
alone first. Then my friend came over to talk. I was just getting ready to
do bench presses at the time. When he was watching, I focused more on
what I was doing and was able to lift more insane than I could do it
before. When my friend was watching me did this simple task, I wanted
to make him impress about what I did so I lift more heavy than usual. My
behaviour changed due to that situation and also exemplified social
facilitation.
3. Entry 2: Social Loafing
Social Loafing is the tendency of individual group members to
reduce their work effort as groups increase in size as displayed by the
inclination to "goofoff" when performance is needed in a group, miss
meetings, show up late, or fail to start or complete individual tasks.
For example, my friend is one individual in a group of ten. The
group is given the group assignment to advise a new set of rules for the
organization to which they belong. The group begins thinking, and my
friend, whenever he feels like suggesting his proposalto the group, but is
unable to becauseeveryone talks at once, and his proposalwould go to be
ignored although he were to volunteer it to the group. After several
minutes of trying to speak, he sat back in his chair and waits for the group
to break up. He is an example of a social loafer. However, it is not by his
own doing. He simply feels being ignored and outnumbered within the
group.
4. Entry 3: The Halo Effect
The halo effect is a term used in marketing to explain the bias
shown by customers towards certain products becauseof a favourable
experience with other products made by the same manufacturer or maker.
Basically, the halo effect is driven by brand equity.
An example of the halo effect is the relationship between the Mac
notebooks and iPhone, my sister bought Macbook which is made by
Apple Inc, not because of the attributes or benefits of the product, but
because she had a favourable experience with Iphone which is another
productmade by Apple Inc, she would buy Macbooksimply because it is
made by Apple Inc, the purchased item is said to be prospering because
of the halo effect.
5. Entry 4: Motivation
Motivation is an internal process that makes a person move toward
a goal. Motivation, like intelligence, can't be directly observed. Instead,
motivation can only be inferred by noting a person's behaviour.
Researchers have proposedtheories that try to explain human motivation.
Motivation can be intrinsic or extrinsic.
Intrinsic motivation involves engaging in a behaviour because it is
personally rewarding; essentially, performing an activity for its own sake
rather than the desire for some external reward. An instance for intrinsic
motivation is that when I was young, I liked playing guitar because I
found it exciting so my motivation is exciting while playing it. In this
instance, people's behaviour is motivated by an internal desire to
participate in an activity for its own sake.
Extrinsic motivation occurs when we are motivated to perform a
behaviour or engage in an activity in order to earn a reward or avoid a
punishment. An example for extrinsic motivation is that when I was 17
years, I noticed that I was going to have an important test of my
secondaryschoollife which is “SPM”, I paid a lot of efforts on studying
because I want to get a good grade. The motivation of mine is get a good
grade. In this example, the behaviour is motivated by a desire to gain a
reward.
6. Entry 5: The ABCs of Attitude
Attitudes structure can be described in terms of three components.
Affective component which involves a person’s feelings and emotions
about the attitude object. Behavioural component which is the way the
attitude we have influences how we act or behave. Cognitive component
which involves a person’s belief and knowledge about an attitude object.
This model is known as the ABC model of attitudes. The model
emphasizes the interrelationships among knowing, feeling, and doing.
One of the underlying assumptions about the link between attitudes
and behaviour is that of consistency. This means that we often or usually
expect the behaviour of a person to be consistent with the attitudes that
they hold. This is called the principle of consistency. The principle of
consistency reflects the idea that people are rational and attempt to
behave rationally at all times and that a person’s behaviour should be
consistent with their attitudes. Whilst this principle may be a sound one, it
is clear that people do not always follow it, sometimes behaving in
seemingly quite illogical ways
In my experience, I was scared of watching horrible movies since I
were young. I would have nightmares after watching horrible movies so I
swear that I wouldn’t watch this kind of movie again. For Affective, I’m
scared of watching horrible movies. ForBehavioural, I will avoid to
watch horrible movies and close my eyes if I watch it. ForCognitive, I
believe that all horrible movies are scary.