The document discusses several key social institutions: 1) Family, which varies in structure but generally consists of people related by blood, marriage, or adoption living together. Common family types include nuclear, extended, polygamous, matrilocal, and patriarchal families. 2) Education, which formally teaches knowledge and social roles through schools, colleges, and universities. It aims for all-round child development and a bright future. 3) Religion, which is a system of beliefs, practices, and moral community related to sacred and profane. It provides socialization, welfare, social control, and mental peace. 4) Mass media, which informs large audiences through print, audio-

1. Social institutions
Submitted to; MA’M Attiya
Submitted by; Sajid Javed
Roll # 19
MSC Sociology
BZU Sub Campus DGK

2. 1. Family
• Definition
“A group of people one husband and his
wife and his children or grand parents or blood
relatives or adopted child living together”.
“A fundamental social group consisting
especially of a man and a women and their offspring
a domestic establishment including the members of
a family and other who live under the same roof “.
The family is the most universal social institution,
but what constitutes a “family” varies across cultures

3. Kinds of Family Patterns
1.According to Membership
Conjugal or Nuclear Family
Husband, wife and children.
Consanguine or extended Family
Married couple, their parents, siblings, grandparents, uncles, aunts and
cousins living together.
2. According to Terms of Marriage
Polyandry - One woman married to two or more men.
Polygamy - One man married to two or more women.
Cenogamy -Two or more men mate with two or more women in group
marriage.
3. According to Line of Descent
Patrilineal - Descent is recognized through the father’s line...
Matrilineal - Descent is recognized through the mother’s line.
Bilateral - Descent is recognized through both the father’s and mother’s line.

4. 4. According to Place of Residence
Patrilocal - Married couple lives with the parents of the husband.
Matrilocal - Married couple lives with the parents of the wife Neo local Married
couple maintains a separate household and live by themselves.
5. According to Authority
Patriarchal - Father is considered the head and plays a dominant role.
Matriarchal - Mother is considered the head and makes the major decisions
Equalitarian.
Both the mother and father share in making decisions and are equal in authority.
Democratic - Both having equal rights for decision making.

5. Functions of family
• Regulate sexual behavior and reproduction.
• Biological maintain functions.
• Socialization function.
• Educational, recreational, religious and political
function.
• Social control (by punishment and rewards).
• Transformation of culture generation to
generation.
• Family looks after its aged and disabled
members.

6. 2. Education
Definition
• “A formal process of knowledge in which
some people consciously teach while adopt
others social role of learner”.
• “Education refers to the contributions of the
school to the development and maintenance of
education at the different levels of society, i.e.
School, college and universities.”

7. Functions of Education
• Modifying the past behavior by different
agencies.
• Education aims at the all round development of
child physical, mental, social and spiritual.
• Help for bright future of child.
• Development of personality and recognized in
society.

8. 3. Religion
Definition
According to Emile Durkheim
“System of beliefs and practices
related to sacred and the profane and single
moral community who all those who adhere to
them”.

9. Functions of Religion
• Religion is an agent of socialization.
• Religion promotes welfare.
• Religion is play social control.
• Religion is influences economy.
• Religion provides mental peace
• Religion gives man comfort, strength and hope
in times of crisis and despair.

10. 4. Economic
Definition
“A system of role and status responsible for
production and distribution and consumption of
goods and resources”.

11. Functions of Economic
1.Traditional Function
• They responsible what good to produce or not (depend the
choice of customer).
• They decide the labor and capital and method of production.
• Economic systems also function to decide on the particular
technique to used in production.
• The decides what method to factor combination to be
employed in order to maximize the use of science resources by
minimize cost & increasing productivity.
2. Non – Traditional Function
• Economic system must insure economic growth.
• Society must also ensure full employment.

12. 5. Politics
“The social institution that is founded on a
recognized set of production for implementing
and achieving society’s goods”.

13. Functions of Political Socialization
• The process by which you acquire political
attitudes and develop patterns of political
behavior is known as political socialization.
• It encouraged to accept a society basic political
values and its particular methods for decision
making.

14. Participation and Apathy
• Democracy will function most effective and
fairly if an informed and active electorate
communications its view to government leaders.
But unfortunately all people not having
acknowledge about this or un familiar and
limited people participate in vote casting
process.

15. 6. Mass Media
Definition
• It is a message created by a person or a group
of people sent through a transmitting device (a
medium) to a large audience or market.
• Mass media is communication that reaches and
influences a large number of people.

16. Types of Mass Media
1. Print Media
1) News paper 2) Magazine
2. Audio-video Media
1) Television 2) Internet
3. Audio Media
1)Radio

17. Functions of Mass media
To Inform
Information is most important function the power of mass media to inform is almost
credible.
People read newspaper to know about what, when, where, who, why and How the things
are happening pertaining to personalities or institutions.
It brings about greater awareness among the masses about men and materials.
To Educate
The mass media educates people by giving information about food, health, housing,
sanitation, employment, agriculture, industry, environment, science, technology,
modernization etc.
Radio is very useful source of information and education both in urban and rural areas in
developing countries. the print media predominant source of education Ex: Newspaper,
Journals etc.
To Entertain
Mass media also entertains people. Film, television, radio are increasingly subjected to
commercialization via entertainment.
Television is nation’s number one entertainment medium. But film & radio are not far
behind.

18. 7. Health Care Institutions
Definition
• “Social institutions that specialize in
monitoring public health providing health
maintenance, and treating illness and injury”.

19. Functions of Hospital
• Patient care
• Training
• Health Education
• Medical Research

20. 8. Governments and Legal
Institutions
• A government consists of a legislative branch which writes
law and policy, executive branch which executes law and
policy, and judicial branch which enforces law and policy.
This includes local, state and national governments and all
branches of the military.