The document outlines the concept of social institutions, defining them as groups that govern behavior and expectations within society. It details the functions and types of major social institutions, including healthcare, family, education, religion, economy, and government. Each institution serves specific roles in society, such as socialization, stability, and economic organization.

1. Farhan Arif_____112
Arslan Tauqeer_117
Ahmad Yaqoob__128
Umer Chandia____131

2. Social institution
• A social institution consists of a group of people who
have come together for a common purpose.

3. Social institution
• A social institution consists of a group of people who
have come together for a common purpose.
These institutions are a part of the social order of
society and they govern behavior and expectations
of individuals.

4. Functions of an Institution
• Institution simply social behavior for the
individual person.it provides every one all
needed social and cultural transmission
through which they can grow.
• Provide ready-made forms of a social
relations and social roles for individuals.
• Control the behavior .
• Way of thinking is intitutionzied.

5. 5 Major Social institutions

11. • Health Care Institutions
• Market Institutions
• Mass Media Institutions
• Social Welfare Institutions
Other Basic Institutions

12. The Smallest institution with unique function
Families and households are usually parents and children living under the same
roof.
The family is an intimate domestic group made up of people related to one
another by bonds of blood, sexual mating, or legal ties

13. Functions of Family
• Reproduction of race.
• Cultural transmission.
• Socialization of child.
• Providing affection and sense of security.
• Providing the environment for personality development and growth
of self. concept in relation to others.
• Providing the social status.
• Religious function.
• Educational function.

14. Kingsley Davis
(i) Reproduction
(ii) Maintenance
(iii) Placement
(iv) Socialization of the young.

15. Basic Types of Families according to structure
1_Nuclear Family
A nuclear family, elementary family or conjugal family is a family group
consisting of two parents and their children .

16. Basic Types of Families according to structure
2_Extended Family
Consisting of parents, sibling's, aunts, uncles, and
cousins, all living nearby or in the same household.

17. Education
A system consisting the roles and norms that ensure the transmission of knowledge
, values, and patterns of behavior from one generation to next.

18. The primary function Is to move people in the
mainstream of society.
School is the place for contemplation of reality
our task as a teacher Is to show this reality to our
students who are naturally eager about them.
Education

19. Intellectual Purpose
To teach cognitive skills as
• Reading skills
• Writing skills
• Mathematics

20. Political Purpose
To inculcate allegiance to the existing political order(patriotism).
To teach student the basic laws of society.

21. Social Purpose
To socialize children into various roles, behavior, and values of society.
The key ingredient in the stability of any society

22. Economical purpose
To prepare students for their later occupational roles

24. Manifest functions
• Social control
• Socialization placement
• Transmitting culture
• Promoting social and political integration
• Agent of change

25. Latent function
Restricting some activities
Matchmaking and production of social networks
Creation of generation gap

26. Religion
It is set of believes and rituals that serves to bind people
Together through shared worship , guides human behavior
And gives meaning of life among a community of believers.
thereby creating a social group

27. Emile Durkheim
A religion is a unified system
of beliefs and practices
relative to sacred things, that
is to say, things set apart and
forbidden – beliefs and
practices which unite into one
single moral community called
a Church, all those who
adhere to them

28. Functions of religion
• Serves as meaning of social control
• Exerts a great influence of personality development
• Allays fear of unknown.
• Explains the events and situations which are beyond the comprehension of man.
• Gives man comfort, strength, and hope in time of crisis and despair.
• It serves as instrument of change
• Promotes closeness, love, care, friendliness, and helpfulness.
• It provides hope for blissful life

29. Economy
The economy is the institution that provides for the
production and distribution of goods and services,
which people in every society need.
Sometimes they can provide these things for
themselves, and sometimes they rely on others to
provide them

32. Economic Systems
The two dominant economic systems in the world
1_Capitalism
2_Socialism

33. Capitalism
It is a system under which resources and
means of
production are privately owned

34. Socialism
which is an economy controlled by the state and planned
by a central planning authority, provides for a greater
social welfare and decreases business fluctuations.

35. Government
A government is an institution entrusted with making and
enforcing the rules of a society as well as with regulating
relations with other societies
Your government is the system of people, laws, and
officials that define and control the country that you live
in.

36. Types of government
Four basic types of governments
• Monarchy
• Democracy
• Dictatorship
• also
• Oligarchy
• Authoritarianism

37. Monarchy
is a political system in which a representative from one
family controls the government and power is passed on
through that family from generation to generation
e.g emperorship

38. Democracy
Democracy is a political system in which citizens periodically
choose officials to run their government

39. Dictatorship
A dictatorship is a form of government govern by the absolute rule of one
person or a very small group of people who hold all political power. e.g
Zimbabwe Syria etc.
Very few dictator admit that they are dictator and almost always claim
to be leader of democracies

40. Three major branches if government
• Executive
• Legislative
• Judicial