The document discusses social indicators, defining them as metrics used to assess a country's development across various life stages, including health and education. It also touches on well-being, social capital, and ethnic entrepreneurship, highlighting their significance in understanding societal conditions and the challenges faced by entrepreneurs in ethnic communities. Key components include objective and subjective indicators, types of well-being, and the role of social networks in fostering social capital.

2. WHAT ARE SOCIAL
INDICATORS?
-consist of selected
indicators at major stages
from birth to death and
include families,
education, employment,
marriage, interpersonal
relationships, retirement,
and sickness, etc.

3. PURPOSE OF SOCIAL
INDICATORS:
-used to assess how
well a country is
developing in key areas
such as health,
education and diet. It is
one way of finding out
what is happening within
a country.

4. “Functions of Social Indicators”
1.) Providing a basis for
information for decision-making,
monitoring and evaluating
policies, and/or searching for a
common good and deciding how
to reach it
2.) Phrased in such a way that they
can be interpreted by the general
public
3.)Show "progress" when social
circumstances have really
changed.

5. “2 KINDS OF INDICATOR”
1.) Objective Social Indicator:
- represent social facts
independently of personal evaluations.
Ex: unemployment rate, poverty rate,
working hours per week, perinatal
mortality rate.
2.) Subjective Social Indicator:
-based on individuals‘ perception
and evaluation of social conditions.
Ex: : life satisfaction, job satisfaction,
etc.; relevance of different life domains,
perception of distributional justice,
class identification

6. SEVERAL SOCIAL
INDICATORS:
1.)Life Expectancy:
-Is the average lifespan of
someone born in that country.
2.) Birth Rate:
-Measures the number of
babies born per thousand
people per year.

7. 3.) Adult Literacy:
-Is the percentage of
the adult population able to
read and write.
4.) Infant Mortality:
-Measures the number
of children who die before
they reach the age of one
for every thousand live
births per year.

8. What is WELL-BEING:
-a good or satisfactory
condition of existence; a state
characterized by health,
happiness, and prosperity:
welfare.
-is a general term for the
condition of an individual or
group, for example their
social, economic,
psychological, spiritual or
medical state.

9. “Two Domains OF Human Well-
being”
Material living conditions:
i) Income and Wealth;
ii) Jobs and Earnings; and
iii) Housing.
Under quality of life:
i) Health Status;
ii) Work and Life Balance;
iii) Education and Skills;
iv) Civic Engagement and Governance;
v) Social Connections;
vi) Environmental Quality;
vii) Personal Security; and
viii) Subjective Well-Being.

10. Types of Well-being
1.) Cognitive Well-being
2.) Affective Well-being
3.) Psychology in Well-being
4.) Education and Well-being
5.) Subjective Well-being
6.) Ethnic Identity and Well-
being
7.) Individual Roles and Well-
being
8.) Sports and Well-being

11. 1. People’s satisfaction with their lives.
2. Their sense of personal development, sometimes called
positive functioning or personal expressiveness.
Key factors for promoting well-being
at work are:
1.) Personal control of workload
2.) Work matched to skill level
3.) Variety of content
4.) Role Clarity
5.) Financial Rewards
6.) Physical Security
7.) Support from supervisors
8.) relationship with colleagues
9.) Status of Role
10.)Sense of identity with the
organization

12. Successful social indicators:
1.) Reflective of a social issue or
idea
2.) Available as a time series
3.) Meaningful and sensitive to
change
4.) Summary in Nature
5.) Able to disaggregated
6.) intelligible and easily
interpreted

14. What is social capital?
“those tangible assets [that]
count for most in the daily lives of
people: namely goodwill, fellowship,
sympathy, and social intercourse
among the individuals and families who
make up a social unit”.
--Author Lyda
Hanifan
Social capital is defined by the
OECD as “networks together with
shared norms, values and
understandings that facilitate co-

15. Three theories investigate the
features of networks that have
the potential to create social
capital :
1.) Weak Tie Theory
2.) Structural Hole Theory
3.) Social Resource Theory

16. ***According to Light (1998), the key
connection between social capital and
ethnic entrepreneurship is the efficient
use of ethnic resources to support the
creation and survival of businesses in
the community.
**Ethnic resources are derived from
the ethnic group’s particular
characteristics, and include things
such as values, knowledge, skills,
information, solidarity, and work ethic.

17. Bonacich and Modell’s (1980):
**classic presentation of the
bases of ethnic Solidarity
proposed that a key aspect of
the relationship between
religion and social capital is
the idea that “religion is not
only a set of beliefs and
cultural practices: it is also a
set of social relations”

18. Three main categories Of
Social Capital:
􀁨 Bonds: Links to people based on a
sense of common identity
􀁨 Bridges: Links that stretch beyond
a shared sense of identity
􀁨 Linkages: Links to people or
groups further up or lower down the
social ladder.

19. 1.) Religious beliefs require a
belief in God or gods
2.) Religious beliefs are
beliefs that induce worship
or worship-related activities
Religious Beliefs:
***Religion (a system of religious
beliefs, practices, and rituals)

20. A belief is a religious belief
provided that it is:
(1) a belief in something as divine
or
(2) a belief about how to stand in
proper relation to the divine,
where
(3) something is believed to be
divine provided it is held to be
unconditionally nondependent.

21. Religious belief: is the belief in the
reality of
the mythological, supernatural,
or spiritual aspects of a religion. It is
being derived from ideas that are
exclusive to religion, often relate to
the existence, characteristics and
worship of a deity or deities, divine
intervention in the universe and
human life, or
the deontological explanations for the
values and practices centered on the
teachings of a spiritual leader or
group.

22. FORMS OF RELIGIOUS
BELIEFS:
1.) Universalism
-religion cannot be separated
from other aspects of life, or believe
that certain cultures did not or do not
separate their religious activities from
other activities in the same way that
some people in
modern Western cultures do.

23. 2.) Orthodoxy:
-a religious belief that closely follows
the edicts, apologies, and hermeneutics of
a prevailing religious authority.
3.) Fundamentalism:
-associated with a strict adherence to
an interpretation of scriptures that are
generally associated with theologically
conservative positions or traditional
understandings of the text and are
distrustful of innovative readings, new
revelation, or alternate interpretations.

24. 4.) Modernism:
-The Renaissance and later
the Enlightenment in were associated
with varying degrees of religious
tolerance and intolerance towards new
religious ideas.
5.) Systemization:
-practice and progress along the
spiritual path happens
6.) Superstition:
-term signifying derogation that
is used by the religious and non-
religious alike, superstition is the
deprecated belief in supernatural

25. Top 10 Organized Religions
1.) Christianity
2.) Islam
3.)Hinduism
4.) Buddhism
5.) Sikhism
6.) Judaism
7.) Baha’I Faith
8.) Confucianism
9.) Jainism
10.)Shinto

26. Ethnic
entrepreneurship:
is ‘a set of connections and
regular patterns of interaction
among people sharing common
national background or migration
experiences’

27. Entrepreneurship -“someone who
establishes a new entity to offer a
new or existing product or service
into
a new or existing market, whether for
a profit or not-for-profit venture”
Entrepreneur: as “one who
distinguishes as a person who
undertakes to organize, manage and
assume the risk of running a
business”.

28. Seven Problems in Founding and
operating their business:
1.) Acquiring the information needed
for the establishment and survival of
their firms.
2.) Obtaining the capital needed to
establish or to expand their business
3.) acquiring the training and skills
needed to run a small business
4.) recruiting and managing efficient,
honest and cheap workers

29. 5.) Managing relationships with
customers and suppliers.
6.) Surviving strenuous business
competition
7.) Protecting themselves from
political attacks.

30. Tinbergen (Taxgloss, 2005) defines
“the best entrepreneur in any
developing country is not
necessarily the man who uses
much capital, but rather the man
who knows how to organize the
employment and training of his
employees”.

31. The End!!!
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Thank you for
listening.