This document discusses social groups and organizations. It defines social groups as families, friends circles, clubs, religious congregations and more. Groups are described as either formal or informal based on their structure and nature of interaction. Key characteristics of groups include regular interaction and communication among members. The document goes on to classify groups into primary and secondary groups, comparing their characteristics such as size, relationship intimacy, decision-making processes and more. It provides examples like families for primary groups and work colleagues for secondary groups. Influential sociologists who studied groups, such as Joseph Fichter, Charles Horton Cooley and William Graham Sumner, are also cited. Finally, the importance of groups for providing solidarity and cohesion is

1. Social Groups
And
Social Organizations

2. Social group
families, companies, circles of friends, clubs,
local chapters of fraternities and sororities,
and local religious congregations.

4. Nature of Social Groups
The group provides specific form as to the
nature of interaction in the society.

5. Formal group
Informal group

6. Characteristics of Group
Group members interact on a fairly
regular basis through communication

8. Joseph Fichter
 Fichter was the author of
more than 30 books and
reports on sociological
studies.
 Fichter joined Loyola in
1947 as chairman of the
sociology department. He
reached emeritus status as
professor of sociology in
1982 and continued to
teach into the current
academic year.

9. Classification of Group

10. Primary Group
O Basic Characteristics:
a. personal and intimate relationship
b. face-to-face communication
c. permanence
d. a strong sense of loyalty or “we” feelings
e. small in size
f. informality
g. traditional or non-rational decision-making
Examples:
Families, Gangs, Cliques, Play Groups, Friendship Groups

11. Charles Horton Cooley
 The concept of the
primary group was
introduced by Charles
Cooley, a sociologist
from the Chicago
School of sociology, in
his book Social
Organization: A Study
of the Larger Mind
(1909)

12. Secondary Groups
O Characteristics:
a. relationship is personal, aloof
b. communication is indirect
c. duration is temporary
d. group cohesiveness is weak and are based on self-
interest
e. decisions are based on rationality and rules
f. structure is formal
g. group boundaries
Examples:
Industrial Workers; business associates, Faculty Staff,
Company Employees

13. William Graham Sumner
 developed the concepts of
“in-group” and “out-group”

14. IN-GROUP
OUT-GROUP

15. Importance of Group
A group is a major source of solidarity
and cohesion.

17. Processes of Human
Interaction

18. Cooperation
Competition
Conflict