Social groups
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This document provides an overview of social groups. It defines a social group as consisting of a number of people among whom interaction takes place with a view to achieving common or similar goals. The document distinguishes between primary and secondary groups, and between different types of social groups including expressive, instrumental, in-groups/out-groups, vertical/horizontal, permanent/temporary, and voluntary/involuntary groups. It provides examples and characteristics of each type of social group.
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Social groups
- 1. ο ο By C. Settley Social Groups Study Unit 6
- 2. ο ο β’ Distinguish between the following non groups: ο Aggregate of people ο Category of people ο β’ Define a social group ο β’ Give a detailed explanation of various characteristics of the social group ο β’ Distinguish between primary and secondary groups under the following: ο Definition ο Examples ο Characteristics ο Functions Learning Outcomes
- 3. ο ο β’ Distinguish between the following social groups: ο Expressive and instrumental ο In and out ο Open and closed ο Vertical and horizontal ο Permanent and temporary ο Voluntary and involuntary Learning Outcomes Continued
- 4. ο What is your understanding of a social group?
- 5. ο Social Groups ο A Social Group consist of a number of people among whom interaction takes place with a view to achieving a common ( or similar) goal. ο The interaction follows certain patterns and a group sentiment (awareness of similarity) and shared group norms arise among the members.
- 6. ο ο Group members ο - small group: +/- 20 members ο - limited entry/no limit ο Large group: > 20 members ο Interaction and patterns of interaction ο - presence of two or more people ο - dependent on one another ο - differs among groups ο - Wilson: group unity (solidarity) Characteristics of a social group
- 7. ο ο Common/similar group goals ο - interdepended ο - interaction ο - coordinated goals ο Group sentiment/group awareness ο - aware of membership ο - recognise themselves and others ο - sense of belonging Characteristics of a social group
- 8. ο ο Group norms ο - rules, conduct ο - developed over time ο - to ensure what is expected, is delivered ο - pressure ο - negative/positive sanctions Characteristics of a social group
- 9. ο Non Groups 1) Aggregate of people ο Shares an area ο No interaction ο No communication ο Do not act as a unit 2) Social Categories ο Selected on the basis of certain shared characteristics ο Common characteristic ο No intention of interaction
- 10. ο ο a group held together by relationships formed by family and environmental associations, regarded as basic to social life and culture ο Eg family, friends, love relationships Primary Groups Defined
- 11. ο Characteristics of Primary Groups ο Few members ο Face to face relationships ο Emotional security ο Constant contact ο Informal interaction Primary Group - A couple embraces one another in a personal, intimate relationship
- 12. ο ο a group of people with whom one's contacts are detached and impersonal ο Eg classroom, place of employment Secondary Group Defined
- 13. ο ο Large in size ο Definite aims ο Voluntary membership ο Formal, indirect and impersonal relation ο Active/inactive members ο Formal rules Characteristics of Secondary Group
- 15. ο FUNCTIONS Primary Group ο Shaping of personality ο Nb group for individual- sense of belonging ο Fulfills psychological needs ο Spontaneity ο stimulus in the pursuit of interest ο Security ο agency of social control Secondary Group ο Created to carry out tasks ο Creates/maintain order ο Increases efficiency ο Wider outlook
- 16. Sense of belonging: Maslowβs hierarchy of needs! Characteristic and function of primary group
- 17. TYPES OF SOCIAL GROUPS
- 18. EXPRESSIVE GROUP - Expressive ties are social links formed when we emotionally invest ourselves in and commit ourselves to other people. - Through association with people who are meaningful to us, we achieve a sense of security, love, acceptance, companionship, and personal worth.
- 19. INSTRUMENTAL GROUPS - Social links formed when we cooperate with other people to achieve some goal - Purpose - Task group - Eg nursing professionals as they provide a task by caring for the patients
- 20. ο The in- group and the out- group The in-group ο Symbols, names, slogans, clothing ο Self positive evaluation ο Mutual identification/loyalty ο Tend to compete ο Evaluation of social behaviour The out- group ο Opposite of the in- group ο Viewed as negative by the in-group ο Both groups use as reference
- 21. ο The in- group and the out- group example βthe in group identified at school level among kids VS the nerdsβ
- 22. ο Vertical and horizontal groups Vertical groups ο Different social and economical classes ο Eg church Horizontal groups ο More or less the same financial, occupational social background ο Eg DENOSA
- 23. ο Permanent and temporary groups Permanent groups ο Eg the family ο Long term existence Temporary groups ο Eg residence in a neighborhood who exist for a short while to form a pressure group ο Short term existence ο Group dissolves after request have been met
- 24. ο Open and closed groups Open groups ο No limitations ο Any person can join ο Eg Facebook, Twitter Closed groups ο Limitations ο Requirements ο Eg SANC
- 25. ο Voluntary and involuntary groups Voluntary groups ο Occupational groups, eg teachers nurses ο Made a decision Involuntary groups ο Not based on a decision ο Eg family
- 26. ο ο Appelbaum, R. P., Carr, D., Duneir, M., Giddens, A., 2009, "Conformity, Deviance, and Crime." Introduction to Sociology, New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., p 137. References