This document provides information about social groups and social organizations. It defines social groups as two or more people who interact regularly and share a common identity. It discusses the main types of social groups, including categorical groups, aggregate groups, collective groups, and associational groups. It also contrasts primary and secondary groups, noting that primary groups involve more intimate, personal interactions while secondary groups are more impersonal and task-oriented. Finally, it discusses the concepts of Gemeinschaft and Gesselschaft, describing Gemeinschaft as communities with close personal ties and Gesselschaft as more impersonal, rational communities.
Education is a social institution that provides members of society with important knowledge, skills, and cultural norms and values. In the Philippines, education is managed by the Department of Education and has evolved over time from a focus on religion during Spanish colonization to spreading democracy under American rule to the current K-12 curriculum. There are three main types of education: formal education through the structured school system, non-formal education outside of schools, and informal lifelong learning from daily experiences. Education aims to produce productive citizens and allow for self-actualization, while its importance includes helping to create a better society, serving as the backbone, and encouraging innovation and creativity.
This document discusses social groups and interactions. It defines primary and secondary groups, in-groups and out-groups, and reference groups. It provides examples of different types of social groups and compares primary and secondary groups. The document outlines several learning activities to help students identify social groups, consider their own group memberships, and pledge to live effectively within social interactions. The activities analyze pictures and situations to identify social groups and reference groups. The document emphasizes that social groups are important for human development and learning culture.
Social groups and social organization BSHRM4A @ STI Balagtasnem
This document discusses social groups and organizations. It defines social groups as families, friends circles, clubs, religious congregations and more. Groups are described as either formal or informal based on their structure and nature of interaction. Key characteristics of groups include regular interaction and communication among members. The document goes on to classify groups into primary and secondary groups, comparing their characteristics such as size, relationship intimacy, decision-making processes and more. It provides examples like families for primary groups and work colleagues for secondary groups. Influential sociologists who studied groups, such as Joseph Fichter, Charles Horton Cooley and William Graham Sumner, are also cited. Finally, the importance of groups for providing solidarity and cohesion is
This document discusses various concepts related to understanding culture, society, and politics. It defines key terms like primary and secondary groups, in-groups and out-groups, reference groups, kinship, and different types of families and households. Specifically, it explains that primary groups involve close-knit, long-term relationships while secondary groups are larger and more task-oriented. It also outlines the different ways societies organize around kinship through descent, marriage, and ritual bonds.
Humans are social beings who have organized into groups and societies throughout history in order to bond, survive, and fulfill various needs. Groups provide a sense of belonging, socialization, and transmission of culture. While not all collections of individuals form true social groups, authentic groups are characterized by regular interaction and communication among members who share common experiences, identities, and interests. Societies contain various types of groups that serve different purposes, from intimate primary groups to large, impersonal organizations. Group membership and reference groups help shape individuals' identities and behaviors.
The document discusses the key elements and typologies of communities including their structures, dynamics, and processes. It outlines that communities are composed of various social, political, economic, sociocultural, technological, and environmental structures that intersect and overlap. The dynamics and processes involve how individuals and groups interact and influence one another within communities as well as how communities develop over time. The document also presents different typologies of communities.
This document discusses social stratification and the different systems used to rank individuals in a society. It describes the four main systems - slavery, caste, estate, and class - and explains how social mobility and status can vary between them. Key factors like wealth, power, prestige, occupation, gender, race, and age are used to stratify and rank people in a hierarchy within a social structure.
This document provides an overview of topics related to community engagement, solidarity, and citizenship. It reviews key concepts from previous lessons, including gender equality, human rights, social justice, participatory development, empowerment, and advocacy. Human rights are defined as inherent and inalienable rights concerned with both civil/political rights and natural rights like liberty. Social justice ensures fair access to opportunities such as education and livelihood. Gender equality means equal rights and treatment of men and women. Participatory development and empowerment/advocacy strategies aim to engage marginalized groups and promote their rights. The final learning task asks how social media can help or hinder people empowerment and advocacy efforts.
Education is a social institution that provides members of society with important knowledge, skills, and cultural norms and values. In the Philippines, education is managed by the Department of Education and has evolved over time from a focus on religion during Spanish colonization to spreading democracy under American rule to the current K-12 curriculum. There are three main types of education: formal education through the structured school system, non-formal education outside of schools, and informal lifelong learning from daily experiences. Education aims to produce productive citizens and allow for self-actualization, while its importance includes helping to create a better society, serving as the backbone, and encouraging innovation and creativity.
This document discusses social groups and interactions. It defines primary and secondary groups, in-groups and out-groups, and reference groups. It provides examples of different types of social groups and compares primary and secondary groups. The document outlines several learning activities to help students identify social groups, consider their own group memberships, and pledge to live effectively within social interactions. The activities analyze pictures and situations to identify social groups and reference groups. The document emphasizes that social groups are important for human development and learning culture.
Social groups and social organization BSHRM4A @ STI Balagtasnem
This document discusses social groups and organizations. It defines social groups as families, friends circles, clubs, religious congregations and more. Groups are described as either formal or informal based on their structure and nature of interaction. Key characteristics of groups include regular interaction and communication among members. The document goes on to classify groups into primary and secondary groups, comparing their characteristics such as size, relationship intimacy, decision-making processes and more. It provides examples like families for primary groups and work colleagues for secondary groups. Influential sociologists who studied groups, such as Joseph Fichter, Charles Horton Cooley and William Graham Sumner, are also cited. Finally, the importance of groups for providing solidarity and cohesion is
This document discusses various concepts related to understanding culture, society, and politics. It defines key terms like primary and secondary groups, in-groups and out-groups, reference groups, kinship, and different types of families and households. Specifically, it explains that primary groups involve close-knit, long-term relationships while secondary groups are larger and more task-oriented. It also outlines the different ways societies organize around kinship through descent, marriage, and ritual bonds.
Humans are social beings who have organized into groups and societies throughout history in order to bond, survive, and fulfill various needs. Groups provide a sense of belonging, socialization, and transmission of culture. While not all collections of individuals form true social groups, authentic groups are characterized by regular interaction and communication among members who share common experiences, identities, and interests. Societies contain various types of groups that serve different purposes, from intimate primary groups to large, impersonal organizations. Group membership and reference groups help shape individuals' identities and behaviors.
The document discusses the key elements and typologies of communities including their structures, dynamics, and processes. It outlines that communities are composed of various social, political, economic, sociocultural, technological, and environmental structures that intersect and overlap. The dynamics and processes involve how individuals and groups interact and influence one another within communities as well as how communities develop over time. The document also presents different typologies of communities.
This document discusses social stratification and the different systems used to rank individuals in a society. It describes the four main systems - slavery, caste, estate, and class - and explains how social mobility and status can vary between them. Key factors like wealth, power, prestige, occupation, gender, race, and age are used to stratify and rank people in a hierarchy within a social structure.
This document provides an overview of topics related to community engagement, solidarity, and citizenship. It reviews key concepts from previous lessons, including gender equality, human rights, social justice, participatory development, empowerment, and advocacy. Human rights are defined as inherent and inalienable rights concerned with both civil/political rights and natural rights like liberty. Social justice ensures fair access to opportunities such as education and livelihood. Gender equality means equal rights and treatment of men and women. Participatory development and empowerment/advocacy strategies aim to engage marginalized groups and promote their rights. The final learning task asks how social media can help or hinder people empowerment and advocacy efforts.
The document categorizes communities into three types: urban, suburban, and rural. It provides details about the population density, common buildings and structures, and livelihoods that characterize each type of community. Urban communities have the highest population density and are located around economic centers. Suburban communities are located outside urban areas and have lower density than urban areas. Rural communities have the lowest population density and are located in countryside areas, with livelihoods focused on farming and livestock. The document also discusses the formal and informal economic sectors, noting that the formal sector complies with government regulations while the informal sector lacks licenses and oversight.
This document discusses community engagement and citizenship. It addresses current trends in community action, the value of community action, and dynamic institutions that contribute to community development. It also examines the causes of poverty and marginalization. Finally, it discusses the role of youth in community action, including how youth can serve as community organizers, participate in government, and work as community planners.
This document provides information about economic institutions and systems. It begins by defining economy as a social institution organized around production, consumption and distribution of goods and services. It then discusses different types of economic systems throughout history from pre-industrial to industrial to post-industrial societies. It also explains key concepts in economics like production, distribution, transfers, market transactions, and consumption. Different economic theories and systems like capitalism, socialism, communism are also summarized. References are provided at the end.
Module 2 - Political Organization and Authority and Legitimacy.pptxCJAranas3
This document discusses different types of political organizations from bands to tribes to chiefdoms and states. It defines each type and provides examples. Bands are small egalitarian groups of 30-50 people who rely on sharing and cooperation. Tribes are larger groups made up of extended families or clans that share a common language and culture. Chiefdoms have a single hereditary leader or chief and social hierarchy. States are the most complex with centralized government, exclusive control of force, and ability to create and enforce laws over a territory and people.
This document discusses non-state institutions. It defines what an institution is and divides them into state and non-state categories. It then provides examples and descriptions of 6 types of non-state institutions: 1) Banks that receive deposits and generate credit, 2) Corporations that are legal entities distinct from their owners, 3) Cooperatives that are jointly owned enterprises, 4) Trade Unions that protect workers' interests, 5) Transnational advocacy groups that influence decisions across borders, and 6) International organizations that support economic development. It asks the reader to provide local non-state institution examples and reflect on their functions in their life.
This will help you know the different types of communities, especially for the senior high school students who took humanities and social sciences as their preparation for tertiary level.
This document discusses how society is organized through social groups and kinship structures. It defines key concepts like primary and secondary groups, social categories, networks, and kinship by blood and marriage. Regarding kinship, it outlines different types of descent like patrilineal and matrilineal, and kinship groups like clans and lineages. Marriage is presented as central to kinship systems, with explanations of monogamy, polygamy, and forms like sororal polygyny. Family types covered include the nuclear, extended, single-parent, and blended models.
This document discusses how society is organized into groups. It defines social groups as collections of interdependent individuals who pursue shared goals. Primary groups are small, intimate groups involving face-to-face interaction over long periods of time, while secondary groups are larger and less intimate with more impersonal, objective-focused relationships over shorter times. Self-categorization theory holds that people define their own group membership based on how they perceive non-members of out-groups compared to their in-group. Social groups are important as they transmit culture, exert social control, socialize individuals, generate ideas, and facilitate communication.
This document discusses social groups and social organizations. A social group is defined as a collection of people who regularly interact and have defined roles and statuses. A social organization is a type of group established to pursue specific aims, with formal rules and structures. Groups are classified by social ties (primary vs secondary), purpose, location, degree of relationships, and form of organization (formal vs informal). Effective group functioning relies on democratic leadership, open communication, and cooperative problem-solving. Group dynamics are influenced by leadership style, qualities of leaders, and other factors.
DIASS UNIT II, LESSON 4_SETTINGS, PROCESSES, METHODS, AND TOOLS IN SOCIAL WOR...JovyTolentino
The document discusses settings, processes, methods, and tools in social work. It describes seven common settings for social work including hospitals, community projects, probation services, family support, mental health care, disability services, and fostering/adoption. The social work process is presented as a sequence of actions including assessment, planning, implementation, and evaluation. Six methods are outlined: social casework, social group work, community organization, administration, social action, and research. Finally, tools for social workers are discussed like ethics, professionalism, networking, continuing education, licensure, and supervision.
Social science is the systematic study of society and human behavior. It includes disciplines like anthropology, sociology, economics, political science, and psychology. The document discusses key concepts in social science including structural functionalism, Marxism, and symbolic interactionism. Structural functionalism views society as a system of interrelated parts that work together to maintain stability. Marxism examines the effects of capitalism on labor and argues for worker revolution. Symbolic interactionism proposes that human action arises from the meanings and symbols exchanged in social interactions.
Structural functionalism - DISCIPLINE AND IDEAS IN THE SOCIAL SCIENCEArgie Ramos
Structural functionalism was the dominant sociological perspective in the 1950s. It focuses on how social structures shape human behavior and how social institutions work together in a society. Two leading theorists were Talcott Parsons and Robert Merton. Forerunners included Auguste Comte, Herbert Spencer, Karl Marx, and Emile Durkheim. Comte saw sociology as the scientific study of society and its development. Spencer viewed society as like a living organism with interdependent parts. Functionalism examines how institutions function to ensure society's survival. Parsons analyzed society's core functions of adaptation, goal attainment, integration, and latency.
This document discusses concepts of social stratification from sociological perspectives including functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic interactionism. It outlines characteristics of stratification systems such as being social rather than biological, ancient, universal, and consequential in terms of life chances and lifestyle. Common bases or forms of stratification discussed include free and unfree populations, social class, caste, estate and status, occupation and income, race and ethnicity, ruling class, and administrative position.
Social groups consist of people who share a common identity and goals. Social organizations are highly structured groups that perform complex tasks to achieve goals efficiently. There are different types of social groups including primary groups based on intimate relationships and secondary groups based on more impersonal ties. Formal organizations use rules, hierarchies, and procedures while informal groups provide relaxation and social well-being. Bureaucracies are large, formal organizations with division of labor, hierarchies of authority, written rules, impersonal relationships, and employment based on technical qualifications.
Society is organized through social institutions that assign people roles and functions. A group consists of two or more people who interact and are physically together, requiring interaction and physical proximity among members. Other important human clusters studied in sociology include aggregates based on shared physical location but no interaction, social categories with common identifying traits but no social interaction, and collectives characterized by unstructured alternative norms and organization.
Major Theoretical Perspectives in SociologyKarl Obispo
Functionalism views society as a system of interconnected parts that work together to maintain stability. It explains social structure in terms of statuses, roles, and how socialization teaches people to perform their roles. Conflict theory sees society as based around competition and power struggles between social classes. Symbolic interactionism focuses on how people interact and attach meaning to symbols, and how the self and society are social constructs that develop through taking on the perspectives of others.
Effects of applied social sciences.pptxAngeloLlanos1
This document provides information about applied social sciences enrichment activities. It includes examples of how applied social sciences can increase awareness, change attitudes and values, and influence behavioral changes. It also describes activities that ask participants to identify effects in case studies, answer questions about how counseling and media can help people in disasters, and participate in a community program to observe how such programs affect individuals, groups, and communities. Participants are to research prominent social scientists and assess their contributions and effects on society. Rubrics are provided to evaluate presentations on applied social science in practice.
Each community is unique. Each community has its own dynamics. Do you know your own community? What makes it unique? How would you identify with your community?
As a member of the community you are aware that your own community has its own structure and way things work. But for those who are interested or would like to work in a community they need to have a clear grasp/perception of the community before any activity. They must learn to interact, appreciate, and accept the community and its dynamics. One must learn the environment, the physical, social, economic, cultural and political environment.
All the data you gather from the community serves as a background for your study. It can be your initial assessment. An understanding of how the community perceives the benefits and costs of participating will facilitate decision making and consensus building and will translate into improved program planning, design, policy development, organization, and advocacy. Knowing the community can also understand what can serve as assets and weaknesses of the community. It can also help you gauge the diversity of the community and the networks established within and outside the community. Also knowing how the community interact among them can help you understand how the community will respond to problems and situations.
Quoting Deng Xiao Peng “There are many ways to skin a cat.” The said quotation is also applicable in knowing a community. Melgarito and Mendoza (2016) stated that one of the best way to understand the community is though immersing with the community. Immersing is more than exposure. It makes you understand what makes them vulnerable and strong. To know is imperative to assess what they are and what are capable of.
This document outlines the dimensions of community and different approaches to defining community. It discusses 6 dimensions that make up a community - technological, economic, political, institutional, aesthetic values, and beliefs/concepts. It also describes 4 approaches that scholars take in applying the term community - sociologists/geographers focus on spatially bounded groups, cultural studies/anthropologists on shared belongingness across identities, social movements see community as political mobilization, and globalization scholars see a global community developing.
The economy is the institution that provides for the production and distribution of goods and services, which people in every society need. Sometimes they can provide these things for themselves, and sometimes they rely on others to provide them. When people rely on others for goods or services, they must have something to exchange, such as currency (in industrialized societies) or other goods or services (in nonindustrialized societies). The customs surrounding exchange and distribution of good and services shape societies in fundamental ways.
Sociology refers to a group of people that share things in common namely; purpose, goals, hobbies, behavior etc. It is a group of people which interacting with one another in a particular way.
Groups come in many forms and sizes, from small informal groups to large formal organizations. Sociologists define groups as collections of individuals who have some relationship and shared identity. Groups are structured through roles and norms.
There are several types of basic social groups. Primary groups are small and intimate, while secondary groups are larger and more impersonal. Formal groups have clear procedures and roles, whereas informal groups evolve spontaneously. Gemeinschaft groups are traditional and personal, and gesellschaft groups are more specialized and transactional. Other group types include in-groups, out-groups, reference groups, and voluntary associations.
Group size and structure impact group dynamics. Small groups allow direct interaction, while larger groups require formal leadership
The document categorizes communities into three types: urban, suburban, and rural. It provides details about the population density, common buildings and structures, and livelihoods that characterize each type of community. Urban communities have the highest population density and are located around economic centers. Suburban communities are located outside urban areas and have lower density than urban areas. Rural communities have the lowest population density and are located in countryside areas, with livelihoods focused on farming and livestock. The document also discusses the formal and informal economic sectors, noting that the formal sector complies with government regulations while the informal sector lacks licenses and oversight.
This document discusses community engagement and citizenship. It addresses current trends in community action, the value of community action, and dynamic institutions that contribute to community development. It also examines the causes of poverty and marginalization. Finally, it discusses the role of youth in community action, including how youth can serve as community organizers, participate in government, and work as community planners.
This document provides information about economic institutions and systems. It begins by defining economy as a social institution organized around production, consumption and distribution of goods and services. It then discusses different types of economic systems throughout history from pre-industrial to industrial to post-industrial societies. It also explains key concepts in economics like production, distribution, transfers, market transactions, and consumption. Different economic theories and systems like capitalism, socialism, communism are also summarized. References are provided at the end.
Module 2 - Political Organization and Authority and Legitimacy.pptxCJAranas3
This document discusses different types of political organizations from bands to tribes to chiefdoms and states. It defines each type and provides examples. Bands are small egalitarian groups of 30-50 people who rely on sharing and cooperation. Tribes are larger groups made up of extended families or clans that share a common language and culture. Chiefdoms have a single hereditary leader or chief and social hierarchy. States are the most complex with centralized government, exclusive control of force, and ability to create and enforce laws over a territory and people.
This document discusses non-state institutions. It defines what an institution is and divides them into state and non-state categories. It then provides examples and descriptions of 6 types of non-state institutions: 1) Banks that receive deposits and generate credit, 2) Corporations that are legal entities distinct from their owners, 3) Cooperatives that are jointly owned enterprises, 4) Trade Unions that protect workers' interests, 5) Transnational advocacy groups that influence decisions across borders, and 6) International organizations that support economic development. It asks the reader to provide local non-state institution examples and reflect on their functions in their life.
This will help you know the different types of communities, especially for the senior high school students who took humanities and social sciences as their preparation for tertiary level.
This document discusses how society is organized through social groups and kinship structures. It defines key concepts like primary and secondary groups, social categories, networks, and kinship by blood and marriage. Regarding kinship, it outlines different types of descent like patrilineal and matrilineal, and kinship groups like clans and lineages. Marriage is presented as central to kinship systems, with explanations of monogamy, polygamy, and forms like sororal polygyny. Family types covered include the nuclear, extended, single-parent, and blended models.
This document discusses how society is organized into groups. It defines social groups as collections of interdependent individuals who pursue shared goals. Primary groups are small, intimate groups involving face-to-face interaction over long periods of time, while secondary groups are larger and less intimate with more impersonal, objective-focused relationships over shorter times. Self-categorization theory holds that people define their own group membership based on how they perceive non-members of out-groups compared to their in-group. Social groups are important as they transmit culture, exert social control, socialize individuals, generate ideas, and facilitate communication.
This document discusses social groups and social organizations. A social group is defined as a collection of people who regularly interact and have defined roles and statuses. A social organization is a type of group established to pursue specific aims, with formal rules and structures. Groups are classified by social ties (primary vs secondary), purpose, location, degree of relationships, and form of organization (formal vs informal). Effective group functioning relies on democratic leadership, open communication, and cooperative problem-solving. Group dynamics are influenced by leadership style, qualities of leaders, and other factors.
DIASS UNIT II, LESSON 4_SETTINGS, PROCESSES, METHODS, AND TOOLS IN SOCIAL WOR...JovyTolentino
The document discusses settings, processes, methods, and tools in social work. It describes seven common settings for social work including hospitals, community projects, probation services, family support, mental health care, disability services, and fostering/adoption. The social work process is presented as a sequence of actions including assessment, planning, implementation, and evaluation. Six methods are outlined: social casework, social group work, community organization, administration, social action, and research. Finally, tools for social workers are discussed like ethics, professionalism, networking, continuing education, licensure, and supervision.
Social science is the systematic study of society and human behavior. It includes disciplines like anthropology, sociology, economics, political science, and psychology. The document discusses key concepts in social science including structural functionalism, Marxism, and symbolic interactionism. Structural functionalism views society as a system of interrelated parts that work together to maintain stability. Marxism examines the effects of capitalism on labor and argues for worker revolution. Symbolic interactionism proposes that human action arises from the meanings and symbols exchanged in social interactions.
Structural functionalism - DISCIPLINE AND IDEAS IN THE SOCIAL SCIENCEArgie Ramos
Structural functionalism was the dominant sociological perspective in the 1950s. It focuses on how social structures shape human behavior and how social institutions work together in a society. Two leading theorists were Talcott Parsons and Robert Merton. Forerunners included Auguste Comte, Herbert Spencer, Karl Marx, and Emile Durkheim. Comte saw sociology as the scientific study of society and its development. Spencer viewed society as like a living organism with interdependent parts. Functionalism examines how institutions function to ensure society's survival. Parsons analyzed society's core functions of adaptation, goal attainment, integration, and latency.
This document discusses concepts of social stratification from sociological perspectives including functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic interactionism. It outlines characteristics of stratification systems such as being social rather than biological, ancient, universal, and consequential in terms of life chances and lifestyle. Common bases or forms of stratification discussed include free and unfree populations, social class, caste, estate and status, occupation and income, race and ethnicity, ruling class, and administrative position.
Social groups consist of people who share a common identity and goals. Social organizations are highly structured groups that perform complex tasks to achieve goals efficiently. There are different types of social groups including primary groups based on intimate relationships and secondary groups based on more impersonal ties. Formal organizations use rules, hierarchies, and procedures while informal groups provide relaxation and social well-being. Bureaucracies are large, formal organizations with division of labor, hierarchies of authority, written rules, impersonal relationships, and employment based on technical qualifications.
Society is organized through social institutions that assign people roles and functions. A group consists of two or more people who interact and are physically together, requiring interaction and physical proximity among members. Other important human clusters studied in sociology include aggregates based on shared physical location but no interaction, social categories with common identifying traits but no social interaction, and collectives characterized by unstructured alternative norms and organization.
Major Theoretical Perspectives in SociologyKarl Obispo
Functionalism views society as a system of interconnected parts that work together to maintain stability. It explains social structure in terms of statuses, roles, and how socialization teaches people to perform their roles. Conflict theory sees society as based around competition and power struggles between social classes. Symbolic interactionism focuses on how people interact and attach meaning to symbols, and how the self and society are social constructs that develop through taking on the perspectives of others.
Effects of applied social sciences.pptxAngeloLlanos1
This document provides information about applied social sciences enrichment activities. It includes examples of how applied social sciences can increase awareness, change attitudes and values, and influence behavioral changes. It also describes activities that ask participants to identify effects in case studies, answer questions about how counseling and media can help people in disasters, and participate in a community program to observe how such programs affect individuals, groups, and communities. Participants are to research prominent social scientists and assess their contributions and effects on society. Rubrics are provided to evaluate presentations on applied social science in practice.
Each community is unique. Each community has its own dynamics. Do you know your own community? What makes it unique? How would you identify with your community?
As a member of the community you are aware that your own community has its own structure and way things work. But for those who are interested or would like to work in a community they need to have a clear grasp/perception of the community before any activity. They must learn to interact, appreciate, and accept the community and its dynamics. One must learn the environment, the physical, social, economic, cultural and political environment.
All the data you gather from the community serves as a background for your study. It can be your initial assessment. An understanding of how the community perceives the benefits and costs of participating will facilitate decision making and consensus building and will translate into improved program planning, design, policy development, organization, and advocacy. Knowing the community can also understand what can serve as assets and weaknesses of the community. It can also help you gauge the diversity of the community and the networks established within and outside the community. Also knowing how the community interact among them can help you understand how the community will respond to problems and situations.
Quoting Deng Xiao Peng “There are many ways to skin a cat.” The said quotation is also applicable in knowing a community. Melgarito and Mendoza (2016) stated that one of the best way to understand the community is though immersing with the community. Immersing is more than exposure. It makes you understand what makes them vulnerable and strong. To know is imperative to assess what they are and what are capable of.
This document outlines the dimensions of community and different approaches to defining community. It discusses 6 dimensions that make up a community - technological, economic, political, institutional, aesthetic values, and beliefs/concepts. It also describes 4 approaches that scholars take in applying the term community - sociologists/geographers focus on spatially bounded groups, cultural studies/anthropologists on shared belongingness across identities, social movements see community as political mobilization, and globalization scholars see a global community developing.
The economy is the institution that provides for the production and distribution of goods and services, which people in every society need. Sometimes they can provide these things for themselves, and sometimes they rely on others to provide them. When people rely on others for goods or services, they must have something to exchange, such as currency (in industrialized societies) or other goods or services (in nonindustrialized societies). The customs surrounding exchange and distribution of good and services shape societies in fundamental ways.
Sociology refers to a group of people that share things in common namely; purpose, goals, hobbies, behavior etc. It is a group of people which interacting with one another in a particular way.
Groups come in many forms and sizes, from small informal groups to large formal organizations. Sociologists define groups as collections of individuals who have some relationship and shared identity. Groups are structured through roles and norms.
There are several types of basic social groups. Primary groups are small and intimate, while secondary groups are larger and more impersonal. Formal groups have clear procedures and roles, whereas informal groups evolve spontaneously. Gemeinschaft groups are traditional and personal, and gesellschaft groups are more specialized and transactional. Other group types include in-groups, out-groups, reference groups, and voluntary associations.
Group size and structure impact group dynamics. Small groups allow direct interaction, while larger groups require formal leadership
There are several types of social groups that form based on different criteria. Primary groups are small and intimate, consisting of strong social ties like family. Secondary groups are larger and more impersonal, based on common goals and interests like coworkers or clubs. In-groups are those with which people identify as members, while reference groups influence behaviors even if not a member. For groups to function effectively, leadership should be democratic and problem-solving cooperative rather than competitive. Social conformity, facilitation, and good leadership can help groups grow through shared norms and goals.
This document discusses different types of social groups and how they are organized. It defines a social group as a collection of people who regularly interact based on shared expectations and identity. Primary groups are small and intimate, with strong personal bonds, while secondary groups are larger and more impersonal, focused on tasks. Reference groups are those individuals compare themselves to help guide behaviors and identify norms. Networks are sets of social ties linking people without requiring a defined group. The document cautions that groups can influence thinking and actions in both positive and negative ways, sometimes resulting in phenomena like groupthink.
Socialization and social organizationsJonel Garcia
This document discusses socialization and social groups. It defines socialization as the process of learning one's society and culture through interaction with others. The main agents of socialization are family, school, peers, and social media. Enculturation is acquiring the values and behaviors of one's surrounding culture. Social groups are classified as primary (focused on relationships), secondary (weaker ties), in-groups, out-groups, reference groups, and networks. Primary groups include family and friends, while secondary groups include broader affiliations. The document provides examples of different social group types.
The document discusses communities of practice and knowledge. It defines a community of practice as a group of people who share a domain of interest and learn from each other through joint activities and discussions around their domain. Members develop a shared repertoire of resources and practices. The document outlines different forms of knowledge that exist within communities of practice, including content knowledge, practical knowledge, and professional knowledge. It also discusses perceived knowledge, critical knowledge, and reflective knowledge. Principles for building effective communities of knowledge and practice are provided, such as focusing on value, inviting different participation levels, and combining familiarity and excitement. The stages of community development are also outlined.
CRITICAL THINKING AND REFLECTIVE PRACTICES-Unit 9-Communities of Practice and...Ek ra
The document discusses communities of practice and knowledge. It defines a community of practice as a group of people who share a domain of interest and engage in joint activities and discussions to help each other and share information. Members develop a shared repertoire of resources and practices. The document outlines different forms of knowledge in a community of practice, including content knowledge, practical knowledge, and professional knowledge. It also discusses perceived knowledge, critical knowledge, and reflective knowledge. Principles for building effective communities of knowledge and practice are provided, such as focusing on value, inviting different participation levels, and combining familiarity and excitement. The stages of community development are also outlined.
Communities of Practice and Knowledge-8611-UNIT 9EqraBaig
The document discusses communities of practice and knowledge. It defines a community of practice as a group of people who share a domain of interest and engage in joint activities and discussions to help each other and share information. Members develop a shared repertoire of resources and practices. The document outlines different forms of knowledge in a community of practice, including content knowledge, practical knowledge, and professional knowledge. It also discusses perceived knowledge, critical knowledge, and reflective knowledge. Principles for building effective communities of knowledge and practice are provided, such as focusing on value, inviting different participation levels, and combining familiarity and excitement. The stages of community development are also outlined.
Social groups ppt for sociology for physiotherapists by Dr. MumuxMumux Mirani
This document discusses social groups and their characteristics. It defines social groups as collections of individuals who interact and influence each other. There are two main types of social groups:
1) Primary groups include small, intimate groups like families and friend circles defined by close proximity and personal relationships. They socialize individuals and fulfill important social functions.
2) Secondary groups are larger and more impersonal groups formed around specialized interests like workplaces, clubs, or organizations. Relationships within secondary groups are more formal and task-oriented than primary groups.
Key characteristics of all social groups include identifiable membership, established social structures and roles, shared norms and values, relative permanence, and formation through regular interactions among members seeking common goals
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1. Republic of the Philippines
AKLAN STATE UNIVERSITY
School of Management Sciences
Banga, Aklan
SOCIAL GROUPS AND SOCIAL
ORGANIZATIONS
Social Science 2 – Society and Culture with Family Planning
MARICHU T. CALIZO, Instructor
JUSTINE ROWEL N. OROZCO
ROSMARY D. ROLDAN
Associate in Office Information Management 2-1
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First Semester A. Y. 2012-2013 Page 1
3. • Social Groups is defined as two or more
people who have a high degree of common
identity and who interact on a regular basis.
(Macionis, John J. : Sociology Second Edition Prentice
Hall, Englewood Cliffs New Jersy 07632)
• Social group is two or more humans who
interact with one another, share similar
characteristics and collectively have a
sense of unity although the best way to
define social group is a matter of
conjecture. (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_group)
• A social group is a collection of people who
interact with each other and share similar
characteristics and a sense of
unity.(www.cliffnotes.com/ study_guide/Social-
Groups.topicArticleId-26957,articleId-26868.html)
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4. SOCIAL GROUPS
As a social being, a person is
born into the company of others,
never in isolation. He has to
depend on others, and vice-
versa. An individual who lives
and interacts in an environment,
ex. the family, the school, the
church, the office, the factory, or
a basketball court, shares and
acquires his personal habits and
attitudes, values, and ambitious.
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5. The Family The School The Church
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The Office The Factory Page 5
7. TYPES OF SOCIAL GROUPS
Sociologists recognize several
types of groups. These are:
1. Categorical Group
2. Aggregate Group
3. Collective Groups
4. Associational Group
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8. CATEGORICAL GROUP
Members of this group share
particular characteristics and a
common identity. The categorical
grouping is important to people for
they tend to share certain
characteristics and interest and
be aware of their similarity to
other members of their own social
category.
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9. AGGREGATE GROUP
An aggregate is any
collection of people who are
together in one place
without interacting with one
another. Participants in an
aggregate are generally not
concerned with the feelings
and attitudes of others.
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10. COLLECTIVE GROUPS
These are temporary groups
which are not generally
governed by established
norms of the culture and are
composed of people who
share some kind of belief
which motivates them to
prepare for action.
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11. ASSOCIATIONAL GROUP
This group is composed of
people who join together in
an organized manner to
pursue a common interest.
Generally, this group has a
formal group.
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12. From the group that have been
identified, these groups may be classified on
the basis of social boundaries between
members and non-members and adherence
to a special set of norms. There would be
some kind of agreement that membership in
a social group involves:
1. Some type of interaction.
2. A sense of belonging or membership
3. Shared interest or agreement on
values, norms.
4. A structure (Eshleman J. Ross et
al., 1988).
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13. THE PRIMARY AND THE
SECONDARY GROUPS
Perhaps the most fundamental difference in
the classification of social groups is that
made between primary and secondary
groups. The term primary group was coined
by Charles W. Cooley and is used to refer to
small, informal groups of people who
interact in a personal, direct and intimate
manner. Primary groups include the family
and play groups which Cooley believed
were the most important in shaping the
human personality.
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14. PRIMARY GROUP
Primary group are characterized by
intimate face-to-face association
and interaction and, there,
members develop a sense of “we-
ness.” “We,” the natural and mutual
expression among the members,
involves reciprocal identification
and shared feelings.
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15. SECONDARY GROUP
A secondary group is a
group whose members
interact in a business-like
manner; relationship is
impersonal; and emotional
ties are loose. Generally,
members come together for
specific objectives.
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16. Comparison of Primary
and Secondary Groups
Primary Group Secondary Group
• Generally small • Usually large
• Relatively long period • Relatively short duration
of interaction often temporary
• Intimate, face-to-face • Little social intimacy or
association mutual understanding
• Some emotional depth • Relationships generally
in relationships superficial
• Cooperative, friendly • More formal and
impersonal
Source: Free Powerpoint Templates
Schaefer Richard T.,: Sociology Ninth Edition McGraw-Hill International Edition 16
Page
17. Primary and secondary groups are
imperatives both to individuals and to
society. Erich Fromm (1965) and Lewis
Mumford (1962) contend that the strength
and vitality of primary groups are the basis
of the health of a society. In spite of the
fact that primary groups are important to
the health of both individuals and the
society, secondary groups are likewise
important for they tend to meet specific
goals. Both help society to function
effectively and allow people who do not
know one another intimately to perform
their job effectively.
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18. GEMEINSCHAFT AND
GESSELSCHAFT
Generally, Filipinos are sentimental and
sympathetic. These qualities greatly affect
their social relationship. That is why the
Filipino family is a closely knit one. Because
of modernization, the family ties, to a great
extent, are slowly loosening. For a
Filipino, loyalty is almost synonymous to
interdependence. To remain an accepted
member of the group, one may have to
compromise his principles, even if the group
hampers
creativity, resourcefulness, interdependence,
and ingenuity necessaryPowerpoint Templates
Free for development.
Page 18
19. Different groups exert tremendous
pressures on the activities of their
members. This usually happens among
young and idealistic students in the
universities who form themselves into
fraternities which oftentimes end up in
gang wars and rumbles.
Primary and Secondary groups are
somewhat similar to the concept of
Gemeinschaft and Gesselschaft
developed by Ferdinand Tonnie, a German
sociologist.
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20. GEMEINSCHAFT
Gemeinschaft is a social community in which
most relationships are suggestive of mutual
cooperation and helpfulness, and are either
personal or traditional, or both.
The activities and interests center around the
families and immediate neighbors. The high
degree of comformity with the norms, values,
customs, traditions, language and moral ideas
becomes the unifying thread of the group. The
concept of Gemeinschaft is commonly
understood in the Filipino Language as
“BAYANIHAN.”
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21. GESSELSCHAFT
Gesselschaft is a social community in which
most relationships are characterized by
impersonal and rationalized relationships. It
veers away from personal to impersonal, from
informal to formal, and from dependence to
independence.
It is based on realism rather than on
sentimentalism and gives impetus to
specialization. The trend towards a
Gesselschaft is apparently manifested in
changing and dynamic society exemplified by
the rapid growth and development of urban-
industrial communities. Free Powerpoint Templates
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22. IN-GROUP AND OUT-GROUP
The sense of belongingness
matters much to an
individual and this is one of
the key characteristics of a
group
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23. IN-GROUP
In-group is a social category
where people feel they belong
and share a common
orientation, come from common
roots and background and
adhere to a common ideology. It
is characterized by individuals
whose loyalty to one another
brings out the feeling of
togetherness. Free Powerpoint Templates Page 23
24. OUT-GROUP
Out-group, the opposite of the in-group, is a group in
which people feel they are strangers. It is made up of
individuals who do not share awareness of kind or of
the same class.
The out-group attitude leads to dislike for, avoidance
of, antagonism or even hatred toward people because
of one’s predisposition to perceive his own in-group
as superior to others.
Sociologically, it is important to know the difference
between in-groups and out-groups. There is a
tendency of the in-group to think that people in the
out-group are stereotyped a standardized conception
or image vested with special meaning and held in
common be members of a group.
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25. REFERENCE GROUPS
A reference group is a group with which
people identify psychologically and to
which they refer in evaluating
themeselves and their behavior. The
reference group becomes the individual’s
frame of reference in relation to his
motivations, experiences, attitudes and
social affinity.
Psychologically, we tend to identify with
persons and groups who are important to
us, and we look these reference groups
for direction on how Free think and behave.
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26. INFORMAL AND FORMAL
GROUPS
Sociologists view the study of social
organization as the key to
understand society, groups, and
personal behavior that will explain
and give useful information. Groups
are classified according to their
form, nature and objectives and
how members relate to one another.
These are the informal groups and
formal groups. Free Powerpoint Templates
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27. INFORMAL GROUPS
Informal Group comes into being out of the
interactions of two or more persons on an
issue affecting welfare. At the outset, it
arises from the spur of the moment and
eventually draws persons to be involved
because they manifest the same emotions
and sentiments.
The members share a feeling of confidence
a sense of belongingness. Basically, the
members voluntarily join themeselves
together to insure cooperation of a common
action and to promote and safeguard their
interests and welfare.Free Powerpoint Templates Page 27
28. FORMAL GROUPS
A formal organization is a form of social
organization and is deliberately planned,
constructed and organized to achieve a certain
specific goal and objectives. It is a special-
purpose group designed and structured in the
interests of maximum efficiency ( Schaeffer,
Richard T. And Robert P. Lamm, 1992).
In society, formal organizations fulfill an
enormous variety of personal and societal
needs that shape the lives of every individual.
Every formal organization, whether civil,
military, political, economic or ecclesiastical,
has a philosophy defining its vision and mission.
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29. References:
Macionis, John J.,: Sociology Second Edition
Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersy
07632
Schaefer Richard T.,: Sociology Ninth Edition
McGraw-Hill International Edition
www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_group
www.cliffnotes.com/ study_guide/Social-
Groups.topicArticleId-26957,articleId-26868.html
Zulueta, Francisco M.,: General Sociology
Revised Edition Academic Publishing
Corporation
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