A social group, types of social group, examples with graphics, characteristics of the social group, the importance of the social group.

1. Social Group
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2. Contents:
 Definition of group.
 Group in sociology.
 Social group.
 What is social group?
 Types of group.
 Characteristics of social group.
 Importance of group.
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3. Definition of Group:
• A number of people or things that are located,
gathered, or classed together.
• No man normally lives alone.
• Man does not live in an isolation for a long time. He is
basically a social creature.
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4. According to Philosophers:
 The great Greek Philosopher-Aristotle said ,“long
back that man is a social animal.”
 He further remarked that he who does not live in
society is either a beast or an angel.
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6. Group in sociology
• In sociology, a group is usually defined as a number
of people who identify and interact with one
another.
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7. Social Group
• Social Group: a number of people who have a common identity,
some feelings of unity, and certain common goals and shared
norms.
• A main focus of sociology is the study of these social groups.
• A social group consists of two or more people who regularly interact
and share a sense of unity and common identity.
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8. Example:
You could be a member of a sports
team , club, church group, college
class, workplace and many more.
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9. example of social group 9

10. Types:
• Primary group
• Secondary group
• Reference group
• Formal group
• Informal group
• In group
• Out group
• Pressure group
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11. Primary Group:
• It is the most fundamental unit of society.
• A long-lasting group.
• They are close knit.
• Small in size.
• Intimate Relationships.
• Member of primary group feel a strong
personal identity with the group
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12. Example:
Examples include:
Family.
Childhood friends.
Love Relationships.
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14. Secondary group:
• Are another type of social group.
• They have the opposite characteristics of primary groups.
• They can be small or large and are mostly impersonal and usually
short term.
• These groups are typically found at work and school.
• Secondary groups are large clusters of people who have a mutually
shared purpose, often aiming to complete tasks.
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15. Example:
Example
• Class Mates.
• Colleagues.
• Sport team mates.
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17. Reference group:
• A reference group is a group to which we compare
ourselves.
• Reference groups, such as college freshmen, serve as
a standard to which we measure our behaviors and
attitudes.
• We use reference groups in order to guide our
behavior and attitudes and help us to identify social
norms.
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18. Example:
• A junior look toward their seniors to
learn and evaluate themselves.
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21. Example:
 Opposition Parties
 Student’s Pressure Groups
 Strikes
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23. Formal group:
 Formal groups have a specific goal or mission.
 They also have a specific structure and positions of
authority.
 It's structure is well defined.
 It has professional relationship.
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24.  Small size.
 Deliberately formation.
 In a formal group, the flow of communication
is restricted due to the unity of command.
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25. Example:
Examples of formal reference groups include:
 Command & task
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27. Informal groups
• They are based on the group members' shared
interests and goals.
• Informal groups are not structured with a specific
goal in mind.
• Group members interact on a very personal level.
• No level of authority.
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28.  Large size.
 Voluntarily formation.
 Personal relationship.
 Informal group, the flow of
communication stretches in all directions;
there is no such restriction.
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29. Example:
Examples of informal reference groups include:
Families.
A group of local mothers.
Peer groups.
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31. Ingroup:
• Ingroup is a social group to which a person
psychologically identifies as being a member.
• In group members use the term ‘we’ to express
themselves
• Similarity in behavior, attitude and opinion is observed
among the members of in group.
• It is based on ethnocentrism.
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32. • Ingroup members have positive attitude towards
their own in group
• Members of in group display co-operation, good-will,
mutual help and possess a sense of solidarity, a feeling
of brotherhood and readiness to sacrifice themselves
for the group.
• Members of in group feel that their personal welfare
is bound up with other members of group but out
group members do not feel so.
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33. Example'
• One’s family, one’s college are example
of his in group.
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35. Out group:
• Outgroup is a social group with which an individual does not identify
• They use the term ‘they’ for the members of out-group.
• They show dissimilar behavior; attitude and opinion towards the
members of out group.
• They have negative attitudes towards their out group.
• It is not depend on ethnocentrism.
• Individual shows a sense of avoidance, dislike, indifference and
antagonism towards the members of out group.
• Members of in group feel that their personal welfare is bound up with
other members of group but out group members do not feel so.
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36. •It is not depend on ethnocentrism.
•Individual is not the member of out group.
•Individual shows a sense of avoidance, dislike,
indifference and antagonism towards the
members of out group.
•Members of in group feel that their personal
welfare is bound up with other members of group
but out group members do not feel so.
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37. Example:
• Pakistan is an out group for Indians.
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39. Characteristics of Social Group:
1) Collection of individuals:
• Social group consists of people. Without individuals
there can be no group.
• Such as college, or university-without students and
teachers cannot group.
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40. (2)Interaction among members:
• The members must have interaction.
• A social group is, in fact, a system of social interaction.
• The limits of social groups are marked by the limits of social
interaction.
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41. (3) Mutual awareness:
• Group life involves mutual awareness.
• Group members are aware of one another and their
behavior is determined by this mutual recognition.
• This may be due to what Giddings calls, "Consciousness of
kind".
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42. (4) We-feeling:
• We-feeling refers to the tendency on the part of the
members to identify themselves with the groups.
• It represents group unity.
• We-feeling creates sympathy and fosters co-operation
among members.
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43. (5) Group unity and solidarity:
Group members are tied by a sense of unity.
The solidarity or integration of a group is largely depends
upon
the frequency,
the variety,
and the emotional quality of the interactions of its
members.
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44. (6) Common interests:
• The interests and ideals of groups are common.
• In fact men not only join groups but also form groups for the
realization of their objectives or interests.
• Form of the groups differ depending upon the common
interests of the group.
• Hence, there are political groups, religious groups, economic
groups etc.
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45. 7) Group norms:
Every group has its own rules and norms which the
members are supposed to follow.
These norms may be in the form of customs, folkways,
mores, traditions, conventions, laws etc.
They may be written or unwritten norms or standards.
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46. (8) Similar behavior:
• The members of group behave in more or less similar way
for the pursuit of common interests.
• Social groups represent collective behaviour.
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47. 9) Size of the group:
• Every group involves an idea of size.
• A group may be as small as that of 'two-members group
e.g. husband and wife or as big as that of a political party
having lakhs of members.
• Size will have its own impact on the character of the
group.
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48. (10) Groups are dynamic:
• Social groups are not static but dynamic.
• They are subject to changes whether slow .or rapid.
• Old members die and new members are born.
• Whether due to internal or external pressures or
forces, groups undergo changes.
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49. Summary:
 Primary group:
Close relationship.
 Secondary group:
No rules and regulation.
 Refrerence group:
Related over selves with some identified group.
 Pressure group:
By exerting pressure on high authority.
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50.  In-group:
Psychologically identifies as being member.
 Out-group:
Group defending for some goal.
 Formal group:
Specific goal and mission.
 Informal group:
Shared interest but not goal.
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51. importance of social groups
 The study of human society is essentially the study of human
groups. Society consists of groups of innumerable kinds and variety.
 No man exists without a society and no society exists without
groups. Groups have become a part and parcel of our life.
 Out of necessity and inevitability human beings are made to live in
groups.
 Knowingly or unknowingly or unwillingly, with pleasure or
contempt, people live in groups and societies. Man’s life is to an
enormous extent lived and controlled by groups of different kinds.
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52. Survival Becomes Problematic
without Groups:
 Groups have become so necessary that our very
survival becomes problematic and doubtful in their
absence.
 Groups are complementary to the development of
human faculties, traits and human nature.
 Man by birth itself has the biological potentiality of
becoming man – the social being.
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53. Man Becomes Man Only Among Men:
 Man becomes man only among men.
 Various studies have convincingly proved that man
fails to develop human qualities in the absence of
human environment.
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54. Groups Contribute to the Development of
Personality:
 Personality is the product of the group life.
 Groups provide scope for the individuals to express their
real nature, their talents and abilities.
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55.  Emotional developments,
 intellectual maturity, satisfaction of physical and social
needs are unthinkable without groups.
 Group is a part of our mental equipment and we are a part
of group.
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57. Overlapping
RELATION BETWEEN WIFE AND HUSBAND
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