my life span development was not very interesting but inspiring, i decided to share this in public to be able to make others realized that no matter what we experience in the past whether good or bad as long as we accepted it and we know who we really are. we can change it for the better and not repeated to our children on the future.
This document discusses John Bowlby's attachment theory and the development of attachment styles in children. It describes how Mary Ainsworth further studied and classified attachment into secure, anxious-avoidant, and ambivalent styles using her Strange Situation experiment. Responsive mothers who act as a secure base promote secure attachment and child development of autonomy, cognition, emotion regulation, and problem solving. Parenting styles like authoritarian, permissive, uninvolved versus authoritative influence attachment and child outcomes.
Social, Psychological and Physical Facts about children & Parental training, ...Sarath Thomas
Children's early experiences and relationships shape their development. The first few years are critical for brain development. During middle childhood, children's bodies become slimmer proportionately as they grow. Children learn best during early childhood through love, nurturing, and mental stimulation. Secure attachments to caregivers allow children to explore socially and build relationships. How children are nurtured impacts not just their development but the future world.
Intergrated-Therapy "Circle of Security"Karen Cowling
Do you want to bring up children who you have been able to parent from the inside out, to raise children who feel attached and loved, to assist them in being able to manage their own and others strong emotions. www.Intergrated-Therapy.com
0408618165
Karen.
John Bowlby was a British psychologist who developed attachment theory. He studied psychology at Cambridge University and worked with delinquent children. In 1940, the WHO asked him to write a report on orphaned children after WWII, which led him to research infant attachments to caregivers. He found that infants need a secure attachment to a caregiver for healthy development and will become distressed when separated. Mary Ainsworth further developed his theory through her Strange Situation study, identifying secure, avoidant, and resistant attachment styles in infants.
My virtual child is progressing typically in physical, social/emotional, and intellectual development according to age milestones. Physically, my child is gaining independence at age 2 by doing things without help. Socially and emotionally, my child prefers playing with boys but gets along with girls, imitates parents, and throws tantrums when not getting their way. Intellectually, my child is continuing to build communication skills like understanding words and pointing at objects. Overall, my virtual child seems to be meeting typical developmental milestones.
Children have various needs that parents and guardians should meet as they grow and develop. These include providing food, shelter, clothing, medical care, safety, and a loving environment. Parents are also responsible for teaching children about their religious beliefs and practices from a young age through both instruction and leading by example in their own behavior. It is important to treat all children in a family with equal love, fairness, and justice to support their healthy development.
This document discusses human development across the lifespan from infancy to later adulthood. It covers the main stages of life and focuses on physical, intellectual, emotional and social development at each stage. Key milestones are provided for growth in areas such as motor skills, language, self-identity and social interactions as individuals progress from childhood to adolescence to adulthood. The document also examines changes that occur during puberty and aging and how maturity develops in relationships, independence, and work roles over one's lifetime.
This document discusses John Bowlby's attachment theory and the development of attachment styles in children. It describes how Mary Ainsworth further studied and classified attachment into secure, anxious-avoidant, and ambivalent styles using her Strange Situation experiment. Responsive mothers who act as a secure base promote secure attachment and child development of autonomy, cognition, emotion regulation, and problem solving. Parenting styles like authoritarian, permissive, uninvolved versus authoritative influence attachment and child outcomes.
Social, Psychological and Physical Facts about children & Parental training, ...Sarath Thomas
Children's early experiences and relationships shape their development. The first few years are critical for brain development. During middle childhood, children's bodies become slimmer proportionately as they grow. Children learn best during early childhood through love, nurturing, and mental stimulation. Secure attachments to caregivers allow children to explore socially and build relationships. How children are nurtured impacts not just their development but the future world.
Intergrated-Therapy "Circle of Security"Karen Cowling
Do you want to bring up children who you have been able to parent from the inside out, to raise children who feel attached and loved, to assist them in being able to manage their own and others strong emotions. www.Intergrated-Therapy.com
0408618165
Karen.
John Bowlby was a British psychologist who developed attachment theory. He studied psychology at Cambridge University and worked with delinquent children. In 1940, the WHO asked him to write a report on orphaned children after WWII, which led him to research infant attachments to caregivers. He found that infants need a secure attachment to a caregiver for healthy development and will become distressed when separated. Mary Ainsworth further developed his theory through her Strange Situation study, identifying secure, avoidant, and resistant attachment styles in infants.
My virtual child is progressing typically in physical, social/emotional, and intellectual development according to age milestones. Physically, my child is gaining independence at age 2 by doing things without help. Socially and emotionally, my child prefers playing with boys but gets along with girls, imitates parents, and throws tantrums when not getting their way. Intellectually, my child is continuing to build communication skills like understanding words and pointing at objects. Overall, my virtual child seems to be meeting typical developmental milestones.
Children have various needs that parents and guardians should meet as they grow and develop. These include providing food, shelter, clothing, medical care, safety, and a loving environment. Parents are also responsible for teaching children about their religious beliefs and practices from a young age through both instruction and leading by example in their own behavior. It is important to treat all children in a family with equal love, fairness, and justice to support their healthy development.
This document discusses human development across the lifespan from infancy to later adulthood. It covers the main stages of life and focuses on physical, intellectual, emotional and social development at each stage. Key milestones are provided for growth in areas such as motor skills, language, self-identity and social interactions as individuals progress from childhood to adolescence to adulthood. The document also examines changes that occur during puberty and aging and how maturity develops in relationships, independence, and work roles over one's lifetime.
Young children have basic needs that must be met for healthy development. These include physiological needs like food, shelter and clothing. For many poor children, basic physiological needs are not reliably met. Children in poverty also lack safety and stability in their environments, living in overcrowded and unsafe homes. To develop properly, children need love and belonging through secure attachments with caregivers. Growing up in poverty can negatively impact children's self-esteem and sense of self-worth if their environment consistently provides failure rather than success. When basic needs are not met, it is difficult for children to recognize education as a means of bettering their lives and achieving self-actualization.
Child and adolescence(socio emotional development)Iyah Alexander
The document discusses social, emotional, and psychological development from infancy through middle childhood. It covers Erikson's psychosocial stages of development and key influences at each age group. For infants, development depends on physiology and social interactions, while toddlers begin to develop autonomy and self-concept. Preschoolers work on initiative and moral understanding. During middle childhood, children focus on developing skills and can feel a sense of industry or inferiority depending on feedback.
The document discusses several mothers' experiences with breastfeeding and how they feel about explaining their infant feeding decisions to others. Many mothers feel judged by others for breastfeeding longer than the social norm. This can cause feelings of isolation and depression. Support groups help mothers feel empowered in their choices and part of a community with shared experiences and knowledge about breastfeeding.
Human Development-Chapter 8, Emotional and Social Development of Infantsbartlettfcs
This document provides an overview of emotional and social development in infants during the first year. It discusses how emotions become more specific with age from birth to one year old. Strong attachment between infant and caregiver, formed through physical contact, communication and meeting needs, builds trust and allows the infant to feel secure. Temperament, an infant's unique nature, is determined by traits like intensity, persistence and adaptability. Social development follows milestones like stranger anxiety around 8 months. Play is important for infants to learn and explore their environment and interact with others.
The document discusses the needs of children at different stages of development from infancy through adolescence. For infants, the main needs are physical care, nutrition, immunization, safety, and love. Toddlers need routine, praise, independence, safety, and help with toilet training. School-aged children need nutrition, play, hygiene, safety, and guidance on behavior. Adolescents require self-care education, diet, hygiene, accident prevention, privacy, and guidance on relationships and risky behaviors. At each stage, parents are advised to meet the child's needs in developmentally appropriate ways.
Psychosocial Development of Infancy & ToddlerhoodAce Matilac
Psychosocial Development of infancy & toddlerhood
Refers to the emotional and psychological changes across the life cycle that occurs in the context of the individual’s social environment.
Erikson described the time that an individual experiences a psychological challenge
as a crisis
Social, Emotional and Moral Development of InfantsJasmin Cruz
The document discusses various topics related to infant development including attachment theory, temperament, moral development, and cognitive abilities. It provides details on stages of attachment from Ainsworth's Strange Situation study and classifications of attachment styles. Temperament dimensions and categories are outlined. Kohlberg's stages of moral development are summarized, noting that infants are in the preconventional level focused on pleasure and punishment. Sources are listed at the end.
Loren's development appears typical according to the developmental milestones. At 4 months, she was meeting intellectual milestones like smiling at familiar people. At 6 months, she was healthy and developing typically. By 9 months, she enjoyed crawling and was physically active. At 12 months, she could utter single words which is also typical developmentally. Now at 2 years old, she is progressing like a typical toddler in the physical, social/emotional, and intellectual domains.
A Case Study on Child Development - MatteoSofia Molato
Matteo is a 6-year-old boy attending John Dewey School for Children who enjoys drawing, playing with his classmates, and imitating squids. He struggles academically and needs tutoring daily. Matteo has developed well physically and socially, enjoying activities like running and playing with friends. However, he still needs work on his cognitive and emotional development, as he struggles with schoolwork and is affected by his parents' separation. Future case studies would benefit from more visits and meetings with parents to provide more information.
This document discusses cognitive, emotional, and social development from childhood through adulthood based on theories from Freud, Erickson, and Piaget. It describes key stages of development including trust vs mistrust in infancy, autonomy vs shame and doubt in toddlers, initiative vs guilt in preschoolers, industry vs inferiority in school-aged children, identity vs role confusion in adolescence, intimacy vs isolation in young adults, and integrity vs despair in late adulthood. It also outlines Piaget's stages of cognitive development from sensorimotor to concrete to formal operational thought. Dental considerations are discussed for each developmental period.
Concepts and theories growth and development and infancyjimcyjose
This document summarizes key aspects of human growth and development from conception through adolescence. It discusses physical, motor, cognitive, social, emotional, and moral development. Some main points covered include the stages of prenatal development, major milestones in infancy and childhood, Piaget's stages of cognitive development, Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, Freud's psychosexual stages, and theories of moral and faith development by Kohlberg and Fowler. Growth is described as proceeding in cephalocaudal and proximodistal directions.
Faeza was born prematurely and had some initial health issues but progressed normally. She met typical developmental milestones for her age in the first two years. The parent predicts that as Faeza enters preschool and school, she will continue progressing normally or above average in motor skills, language, cognitive development, and social skills based on her early development. Some health concerns like colds may return or continue as exposure to other children increases.
A Case Study about Child Development - JMSofia Molato
This case study examines the physical, cognitive, emotional, and social development of a 10-year-old boy named JM. It observes JM in his classroom at John Dewey School for Children. JM lives with his mother and younger sister while his father works abroad. The study finds that JM shows normal physical growth and motor skills for his age. Cognitively, JM is able to solve problems and complete tasks as expected for his concrete operational stage of development. Emotionally, JM interacts well with his peers but lacks sensitivity at times. Socially, he is friendly and enjoys team sports, exhibiting developmentally appropriate independence and social skills.
This document provides information on developmental stages and parenting strategies for preschool-aged children from ages 3-5. It discusses typical developmental tasks like initiative vs guilt during preschool years and offers tips for creating a positive home environment. It also outlines strategies for preparing a child for their first day of preschool, including activities to familiarize them with the school concept.
Psychosocial Development Case Study AssessmentKylee Grafton
For this psychosocial development case study I have chosen three characters from the film. “My big fat Greek weeding” to analyze based on the life stages they are in during the film. I have chosen the three characters based on the crises they are experiencing in their particular life stages as well and how they have reached their ending goal of having a more healthy relationship with one another. Using what I have learned about counseling and family counseling as my chosen specialization I chose three family members to use as an example of my analyses. The first and main character Toula Portokalos and she father Gus Portokalos, Maria Portokalos the wife and mother of Toula. These three characters relationship with one another is unstable due to the different crises leading up to the current life stages they are in.
The document discusses various life stages from infancy to later adulthood and covers physical, intellectual, emotional, and social development milestones associated with each stage. For infancy, milestones include sitting, crawling, and walking by age 2. Intellectual milestones include babbling, first words, and 50 words by age 2. Emotional and social development progresses from recognizing faces to parallel play. Physical and cognitive abilities continue developing through childhood, adolescence, and adulthood before gradual decline in later life.
Socio emotional development of infants and toddlers예뻐 반
This document discusses socio-emotional development in young children. It refers to a child's ability to form relationships, regulate emotions, and learn about their environment in a culturally appropriate context. The first three years of life are particularly important for development as attachments form and temperament emerges. Key aspects of socio-emotional development include attachment to caregivers, temperament, and the development of moral understanding. Attachment provides emotional security for infants through responsive caregiving. A child's temperament, or inborn personality traits, also influence their socio-emotional development. Around ages 2 to 3, children begin to self-evaluate and develop a sense of right and wrong.
1) The document is a student assignment that analyzes the developmental progress of a virtual child named Sarah from birth to age 2 based on developmental milestones.
2) The student believes Sarah's physical, social/emotional, and intellectual development at each stage (infant, toddler) is typical and provides examples from the virtual child reports to support this.
3) Key milestones addressed include weight gain, motor skills, social interaction, language development, pretend play, and toilet training. The student cross-references developmental norms at each stage.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Young children have basic needs that must be met for healthy development. These include physiological needs like food, shelter and clothing. For many poor children, basic physiological needs are not reliably met. Children in poverty also lack safety and stability in their environments, living in overcrowded and unsafe homes. To develop properly, children need love and belonging through secure attachments with caregivers. Growing up in poverty can negatively impact children's self-esteem and sense of self-worth if their environment consistently provides failure rather than success. When basic needs are not met, it is difficult for children to recognize education as a means of bettering their lives and achieving self-actualization.
Child and adolescence(socio emotional development)Iyah Alexander
The document discusses social, emotional, and psychological development from infancy through middle childhood. It covers Erikson's psychosocial stages of development and key influences at each age group. For infants, development depends on physiology and social interactions, while toddlers begin to develop autonomy and self-concept. Preschoolers work on initiative and moral understanding. During middle childhood, children focus on developing skills and can feel a sense of industry or inferiority depending on feedback.
The document discusses several mothers' experiences with breastfeeding and how they feel about explaining their infant feeding decisions to others. Many mothers feel judged by others for breastfeeding longer than the social norm. This can cause feelings of isolation and depression. Support groups help mothers feel empowered in their choices and part of a community with shared experiences and knowledge about breastfeeding.
Human Development-Chapter 8, Emotional and Social Development of Infantsbartlettfcs
This document provides an overview of emotional and social development in infants during the first year. It discusses how emotions become more specific with age from birth to one year old. Strong attachment between infant and caregiver, formed through physical contact, communication and meeting needs, builds trust and allows the infant to feel secure. Temperament, an infant's unique nature, is determined by traits like intensity, persistence and adaptability. Social development follows milestones like stranger anxiety around 8 months. Play is important for infants to learn and explore their environment and interact with others.
The document discusses the needs of children at different stages of development from infancy through adolescence. For infants, the main needs are physical care, nutrition, immunization, safety, and love. Toddlers need routine, praise, independence, safety, and help with toilet training. School-aged children need nutrition, play, hygiene, safety, and guidance on behavior. Adolescents require self-care education, diet, hygiene, accident prevention, privacy, and guidance on relationships and risky behaviors. At each stage, parents are advised to meet the child's needs in developmentally appropriate ways.
Psychosocial Development of Infancy & ToddlerhoodAce Matilac
Psychosocial Development of infancy & toddlerhood
Refers to the emotional and psychological changes across the life cycle that occurs in the context of the individual’s social environment.
Erikson described the time that an individual experiences a psychological challenge
as a crisis
Social, Emotional and Moral Development of InfantsJasmin Cruz
The document discusses various topics related to infant development including attachment theory, temperament, moral development, and cognitive abilities. It provides details on stages of attachment from Ainsworth's Strange Situation study and classifications of attachment styles. Temperament dimensions and categories are outlined. Kohlberg's stages of moral development are summarized, noting that infants are in the preconventional level focused on pleasure and punishment. Sources are listed at the end.
Loren's development appears typical according to the developmental milestones. At 4 months, she was meeting intellectual milestones like smiling at familiar people. At 6 months, she was healthy and developing typically. By 9 months, she enjoyed crawling and was physically active. At 12 months, she could utter single words which is also typical developmentally. Now at 2 years old, she is progressing like a typical toddler in the physical, social/emotional, and intellectual domains.
A Case Study on Child Development - MatteoSofia Molato
Matteo is a 6-year-old boy attending John Dewey School for Children who enjoys drawing, playing with his classmates, and imitating squids. He struggles academically and needs tutoring daily. Matteo has developed well physically and socially, enjoying activities like running and playing with friends. However, he still needs work on his cognitive and emotional development, as he struggles with schoolwork and is affected by his parents' separation. Future case studies would benefit from more visits and meetings with parents to provide more information.
This document discusses cognitive, emotional, and social development from childhood through adulthood based on theories from Freud, Erickson, and Piaget. It describes key stages of development including trust vs mistrust in infancy, autonomy vs shame and doubt in toddlers, initiative vs guilt in preschoolers, industry vs inferiority in school-aged children, identity vs role confusion in adolescence, intimacy vs isolation in young adults, and integrity vs despair in late adulthood. It also outlines Piaget's stages of cognitive development from sensorimotor to concrete to formal operational thought. Dental considerations are discussed for each developmental period.
Concepts and theories growth and development and infancyjimcyjose
This document summarizes key aspects of human growth and development from conception through adolescence. It discusses physical, motor, cognitive, social, emotional, and moral development. Some main points covered include the stages of prenatal development, major milestones in infancy and childhood, Piaget's stages of cognitive development, Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, Freud's psychosexual stages, and theories of moral and faith development by Kohlberg and Fowler. Growth is described as proceeding in cephalocaudal and proximodistal directions.
Faeza was born prematurely and had some initial health issues but progressed normally. She met typical developmental milestones for her age in the first two years. The parent predicts that as Faeza enters preschool and school, she will continue progressing normally or above average in motor skills, language, cognitive development, and social skills based on her early development. Some health concerns like colds may return or continue as exposure to other children increases.
A Case Study about Child Development - JMSofia Molato
This case study examines the physical, cognitive, emotional, and social development of a 10-year-old boy named JM. It observes JM in his classroom at John Dewey School for Children. JM lives with his mother and younger sister while his father works abroad. The study finds that JM shows normal physical growth and motor skills for his age. Cognitively, JM is able to solve problems and complete tasks as expected for his concrete operational stage of development. Emotionally, JM interacts well with his peers but lacks sensitivity at times. Socially, he is friendly and enjoys team sports, exhibiting developmentally appropriate independence and social skills.
This document provides information on developmental stages and parenting strategies for preschool-aged children from ages 3-5. It discusses typical developmental tasks like initiative vs guilt during preschool years and offers tips for creating a positive home environment. It also outlines strategies for preparing a child for their first day of preschool, including activities to familiarize them with the school concept.
Psychosocial Development Case Study AssessmentKylee Grafton
For this psychosocial development case study I have chosen three characters from the film. “My big fat Greek weeding” to analyze based on the life stages they are in during the film. I have chosen the three characters based on the crises they are experiencing in their particular life stages as well and how they have reached their ending goal of having a more healthy relationship with one another. Using what I have learned about counseling and family counseling as my chosen specialization I chose three family members to use as an example of my analyses. The first and main character Toula Portokalos and she father Gus Portokalos, Maria Portokalos the wife and mother of Toula. These three characters relationship with one another is unstable due to the different crises leading up to the current life stages they are in.
The document discusses various life stages from infancy to later adulthood and covers physical, intellectual, emotional, and social development milestones associated with each stage. For infancy, milestones include sitting, crawling, and walking by age 2. Intellectual milestones include babbling, first words, and 50 words by age 2. Emotional and social development progresses from recognizing faces to parallel play. Physical and cognitive abilities continue developing through childhood, adolescence, and adulthood before gradual decline in later life.
Socio emotional development of infants and toddlers예뻐 반
This document discusses socio-emotional development in young children. It refers to a child's ability to form relationships, regulate emotions, and learn about their environment in a culturally appropriate context. The first three years of life are particularly important for development as attachments form and temperament emerges. Key aspects of socio-emotional development include attachment to caregivers, temperament, and the development of moral understanding. Attachment provides emotional security for infants through responsive caregiving. A child's temperament, or inborn personality traits, also influence their socio-emotional development. Around ages 2 to 3, children begin to self-evaluate and develop a sense of right and wrong.
1) The document is a student assignment that analyzes the developmental progress of a virtual child named Sarah from birth to age 2 based on developmental milestones.
2) The student believes Sarah's physical, social/emotional, and intellectual development at each stage (infant, toddler) is typical and provides examples from the virtual child reports to support this.
3) Key milestones addressed include weight gain, motor skills, social interaction, language development, pretend play, and toilet training. The student cross-references developmental norms at each stage.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
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This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
1. Narrative Life Span Development
GERLYN D. LIMBA
MA. DEV.PSYH. STUDENT
Miriam College, Quezon City. Philippines
Abstract
Objectives
This narrative report of different aspects of lifespan development aim to help a better
understanding of oneself by connecting personal experiences to different concepts and theories.
A students were able to know their strength and weaknesses above all understand themselves
as a whole. This aims to shape a personality lifespan development to be able to reach its zone
of proximal development in future. This also help motivates deeply about own personal journey
through life and better understanding of who Am I and what will be.
About the Author
I was born and raised in traditional lumad family of Mindanao, Zamboanga City. We are
currently a family of nine, my mother, my three brothers, my three sisters, my younger sister and
I. My parents Johnny Limba and Gloria Dawis, were born and raised in Sibuco, Zamboanga Del
Norte. They moved to Ipil, Zamboanga Del Sur, a province of South-West of the City to begin
their family. By time I become two years old. My family moved into our home in Zamboanga
2. City. Both my parents escaped to freedom by hiking Ipil to zamboanga because of the terrorist
attack in Zamboanga Del Sur. When I was born my mother was 36 years old and my father was
46 years old. By this time, my mother had become a stay home mom to take care for my
brothers and sisters and my father was employed as security guard in the City of Zamboanga.
My parents don’t have family planning. I was unwanted pregnancy and were not very happy
about my coming. According to my mother, my father disappointed when I was born because i
am already number seven children. They don’t have enough preparation for my birth. My
parents were worries about parenting and providing proper care for me. They don’t feel
competent because they are not ready financially. Lastly, they did not receive a tremendous
amount of support from family and friends.
Prenatal Development (conception to birth)
During the entire pregnancy and after i was born, my mother did not receive any financially, and
emotional support from her friends and family. She revealed that my father and grandmother in
particular were not very supportive and helpful, which makes her level of stress high. The
pregnancy was nine months and ten days long. During the pregnancy my mother did not felt
great, physically, emotionally, cognitively, and psychologically because she was under the state
of depression. According to my mom, she was not so excited to have another child or rather say
I was conceived unintentionally. In other words, I am levelled as unwanted child. A research
review indicated that pregnant women with high levels of stress are increased risk for having a
child with emotional or cognitive problems, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD),
language delay ( Taige & other,2007. Another research study revealed that depression during
pregnancy was related to increased risk for depression in 18-years- olds ( Pearson & others,
2013).
3. Therefore, I believe that during prenatal my personality and intelligence characteristics were
determined by the interaction between my genes and my environment. Behavioural geneticists
content that most behavioural attributes are the results of the interaction(s) between heredity
predisposition and environmental influences. In my opinion my physical, emotional, cognitive
development were established by Natured but shaped through Nurture influence. In other
words I was born with a genetic predisposition to behave and think a certain way. However, my
behavioural and intellectual attributes were cultivated and influenced by my family, peers, and
life experience. For example; I believe, that I was born with genetic predisposition of type A
personality: competitive, hardworking, achievement, oriented, and ambitious. However,
environmental influence were responsible for the expression or observable manifestation of this
traits. According to Calkin’s, 2012 & Thompson, 2013. The genes are individuals inherited
influence intellectual performance. He states that this attributes are genetically predetermined.
However, they are highly influenced by an individual’s environment. Therefore, my physical,
emotional, cognitive, development or personality were created by nature but largely determined
by my environment.
Physical development during infancy & Toddler (0-2 years old)
Delivery and Early Health
During the day of my arrival, my mother asked a friend to call a hilot (a traditional midwife) on
June 14th
,1977. I was born on June 15th
, 1977. The delivery went very smoothly, I was
approximately one week late or post-mature baby. My mother expected date was on June 5th
.
My mother did not receive any delivery drugs except herbal medicines from the hilot. I weighed
5 pounds and 18 inches long. My mother said that I was thin, with no hair, and big eyes. She
remarked that I cried to much the time I was born. I was breastfeed for two months only,
because my mother become ill after she was experience a problem with emotional breakdown
4. and distress (binat). My family experience adjustment issues after I was born. On an average I
slept for two to four hours, as my body weight increased, I begun sleeping for four to six hours.
Psychologist, Jean Piaget theorized theorized that children moved through a series of four
stages of cognitive developments. The four stages include the sensorimotor stage, the
preoperational stage, the concrete-operational stage, and the formal-operational stage. During
the sensorimotor stage, infants begin to coordinates motor responses and sensory input. This
stage typically lasts from birth to approximately two years of age. In the preoperational stage,
children begin to think symbolically. This begins at approximately two years of age and lasts up
to 7. In concrete-operational stage, children begin to think abstractly and logically. In the final
stage, the formal- operational stage, children begin to think rationally and systematically. This
stage begin approximately age 11 or 12 and lasts into adulthood. During each of this stages
they are developmental milestones that children encounter ( Shaffer,2008).
According to Piaget, an infant’s construct an understanding of the world by coordinating sensory
experiences such as seeing and hearing, with physical ,motoric actions- hence the term”
sensorimotor”. An infant’s coordination habits, such as grasping and sucking begin to occur
around 1 to 4 months of age ( primary circular reaction). Between 4 to 8 months of age, infants
recognize that they are beings from external objects and begin to retrieve attractive objects that
may be hidden or concealed; infant’s imitates some simple actions, such as the baby talk or
burbling of adults, and some physical gestures (secondary circular reactions). By ages 8 to 12
months, infants begin to exhibit problem solving skills. For example, infants might manipulate a
stick in order to bring a desired toy within reach (coordination of secondary circular reactions).
Between 12 to 18 months infants develops the ability to use primitive symbols. According to my
mother, there were developmental or major health concerns when I got skin diseased at the age
of 4 months. I have bouts of eczema as an infant. I believe that my physical developmental
milestone were generally on time. My mother revealed, when I was 3 months old I was able to
5. hold my head up, I began paying attention to faces and I began smiling this time at other
people. By 4 months of age, I could hold my head up unsupported and push up to my elbows
when lying on my stomach, and began to babble and copy sounds. I also make cooing and
gurgling noises at this time. By 8 months of age, bring things to my mouth. I began crawling and
saying my first word such as mama, when I was 10 months old. I began walking at around 13
months of age.
My Emotional Development during Infancy & Toddler (0- 2 years old)
According to Psychologist (Isand,2009, Shuman, & Schener, 2014). An infant shows emotion in
many ways, and they classify it into two. An emotion as either positive or negative. Positive
emotions include enthusiasm, joy and love. Negative emotions include anxiety, anger, guilt, and
sadness. In my case i would begin to describe my emotion on biological influences from my
parents ,( nature) and (Nurture)my environmental influences which I experience during infancy. I
believe biological influences plays important roles in my emotional capacities. Based on the
study of Thomson, 2014. Biological evolution has endowed human beings to be emotional.
Emotional development and coping with stress are influenced by whether caregivers have
maltreated or neglected children and whether children’s caregivers are depressed or not
(Hostinar & Gunnar, 2013). When toddlers hear their parents quarrelling, they often react to
distress and inhibit their play. My big brother revealed, when I was born the social relationship of
our parents was not well functioning. My father and my mother were always quarrelling. And my
brothers and sister were always fighting. No wonder why during toddler, I often react with
distress and I inhibit a habit of fighting and quarrelling with my playmates. I did not develop a
light mood to diffuse conflicts in fact I become a problem of my teacher and playmates because
I am a trouble maker. I inhibit negative emotions like anger, pride, shame and guilt and jealousy.
However, since are too many siblings, jealousy was very much common to us. It includes
sharing of food, when my mother gave attention to other brothers and sisters, I likely to display
6. negative emotions, such as anger and sadness which results to jealousy. This jealousy cause
me to feel frustrated and not being able to play with my big sisters and brothers.
However, based on the research of (Wilson, Havingher and Harly.2012), revealed that parents
elicit to talk about emotion with toddlers was associated with toddlers sharing and helping.
When all is going well, sensitive, responsible parents help their infants grow emotionally.
Whether the infants respond in distressed or happy ways. According to my mom, during infancy
I often cry my mom cannot attend to me immediately because she has too many works at home
and she needs to attend to my older siblings. I believe that my emotional experience during
infancy develops a feeling of fear due to negleance of my parents. I’ve shown a fear and
wariness to strangers. According to my mom, during the first year of my life. I develop an ability
to inhibit emotional reactions. I put my thumbs in my mouth to soothe myselves. After
breastfeed my mother just lay me down in the math were I sleep. After a long hours of crying
and feel tired I fall asleep.
However, according to brother by two years I can use language to express my feelings of
emotion. I can say if I am hungry. However, my brother revealed when I was 2 years old
sometimes my mother forgot to fed me before going to bed at night, with this I was crying in the
middle of the night and my mother was very angry because she was trying to comfort me but I
never stop crying until they give me food to eat. According to Thomson, 2014b, infants are often
affected by fatigue, and hunger. Which suggest that parents should soothe a crying infant. This
response should help infants develop a sense of trust and secure attachment to the caregiver.
Negative emotional reactions ( anger and anxiety) to crying increased the risk of subsequent
attachment insecurity ( Leerkes, Parade, & Gudmundson, 2011).
7. My Temperament during infancy
Chess and Thomas identify three basic types of temperament: an easy child, a difficult child,
and a slow-to-warm-up child. An easy child is generally in a positive mood, quickly establishes
regular routines in infancy, and adopt easily to the new experiences. a difficult child reacts
negatively to and cries frequently, engage in irregular daily routines, and is slow to accept
change. Lastly, a slow to warm up child has a low activity level, and is somewhat negative, and
displays a low intensity of mood. Based on how Chess and Thomas defined each category and
how my mother describes my temperament. I believed that easy temperament best describe my
temperament. According to my mother, I have always a positive mood except if I am hungry and
sleepy. She mentioned that I was very curious and always observing my surroundings. Thomas
and chess felt that relationship between a childs temperamental styles and child-rearing
practices used determines the stability of early temperament characteristics. They call this
notion “The Goodness of Fit”, occurs when a childs temperaments is compatible with their
environments (Goodvin, Winer, & Thompson, 2014: Rothbart, 2011). Lack of fit can produce
adjustment problems ( Rothbart,2011). According to Erik Erickson (1968), the first year of life is
characterized by the trust-versus-mistrust stages of development. If the infant is not well fed and
kept warm on a consistent basis, a sense of mistrust is likely to develop. Therefore, I believe
that my emotions develop at an early stage of my life.
My Attachment during infancy
There are 4 influential behaviour of attachment. The Psychoanalytic theory, learning theory,
cognitive- developmental theory, ecological theory. Each theory provides different insight as to
how and why infants form attachment. According to the psychoanalytic and Freud, infants form
attachments with their mother because they provide food. Erick Erikson also express that
feeding practices influence the string of attachment. However, he felt that a mother’s overall
8. responsiveness is more important than the actual feeding practicess. Learning theories also
believe that infants become attachhed to people who feed them and gently gratify their needs
because it increases the likelihood of caregivers affection and ability to provide many comforts.
Cognitive- development theorist think that the ability to form attachments depends on an infants
cognitive development. Lastly, the ethological theory states that human beings are born with
innate behaviors specifically designed to create attachment ( John Bowlby ( 1969, 1989).
Around the age 6 to 8 months, I was most securely attached to my mother. My mother revealed
that I did not develop any other attachments during this period. This attachment developed
because my mother was actively involved and interacted with me often. She spent time laughing
with me and learned how to meet my physical and emotional needs. Ainstworth Strange
situation revealed that there are four ways a child can illustrate his or her attachment to their
mother or caretaker:secure attachment, resistance attachment, avoidance attachment, and
disorganized/ disoriented attachment ( Chess and Thomas, 1991). Ainstworth describes, a
securely attached child as one who exhibits stress when separated from their caregiver, but
warmly greets this when he or she returns. Securely attached children are comfortable with
exploring new things and environments and are often outgoing with strangers if the cargiver is
present. Based on what I have learned I would characterize the quality of my attachment with
my mother as a secure. My mom stated that I always greeted her warmly and with a smile in my
face. I also always sought to be near her or her side. I showed signs of distress if we were
separated and she was still insight. I was always happy to see her when she returned. She also
that i was often friendly to strangers though sometimes i felt shy to strange people, and I
explored my surrounding with her nearby. Additionally, my mother revealed that i displayed a
secure attactment with my father, and it developed as I became a few months older. She states
that I did not displayed any secondary attachment during the first or two years of my life.
Mother illustrated that I reached for my Dad as soon as he arrived home from work and that I
would always greet him with smile. Theory and research on the role of the brain’s regions in
9. mother-infant attachment is just emerging ( De Haan & Gunnar, 2009). On theoretical view
proposed that the prefrontal cortex likely has an important role in maternal attachment behavior,
as do the subcortical regions of amygdala, and the hypothalamus ( Gonzalez, Atkinson, &
Fleming,2019).research study found that both at 6 weeks and 6 months after birth, when father
ingaged in more stimulation contact with babies, encourages their exploration, and directed their
attention to the objects, the father’s oxcytocin levels increased ( Gordon & others,2010). In this
study, mother’s behaviors that increased their oxytocin levels involved more affectionate
parenting, such as gazing at their babies, expressing positive effect toward them, and touching
them.another study found that fathers with lower testosterone levels engaged in more optimal
parenting with their infants ( Weisman, Zagoory-Sharon, & Feldman, 2014). Also in this study
revealed that when fathers were adminitered oxytocin, their parenting behavior improved as
evidenced in increased of positive affect, social gaze, touch, and vocal synchrony when
interacting with their infants.
Cognitive development during infancy & Toddler ( 0-2 years old)
There were five cognitvie- developmental theory: Piaget’s Theory, Kolhberg’s theory,
information processing theory, Vygotsky’s theory, and Bronfenbrenner’s theory.Piaget’s
cognitive- developmental theory focuses on how children construct knowledge and how they
constructions change overtime (1896-1980). Piaget’s believed that children naturally try to make
sense of their world. On the other hand, Kolhberg (1927-1987) built his theory of moral
reasoning on the foundations of Piaget’s theory of overall cognitive developmentand how it
develops through childhood and adolescence.Vygotsky’s theory, emphasize that children’s
thinking does not develop in a vacuum, but it influences by the sociocultural context in which
children grow up ( 1896-1934). Lastly, Bronfrenbrenner’s theory proposes that the developing
person is embedded in a series of complex and interactive systems (1989-1995).
10. According to Piaget’s cognitive-development believe that the first two years of life form distinct
phase in human development. The sensorimotor period, from birth to roughly 2 years of age, is
the first of Piaget’s four cognitive development. Between 1 to 4 months reflexes are first
modified by experience. About 8 months infants understanding of object permanence, 8 to 12
months old love to play the search for an objects- when adultovers the objects and the infants
sweeps away the cover, laughing and smilling all the while! By 18 months, most infants began
to talk and gesture, evidence by emerging capacity to use symbols. At 20 month- old infants
may move her hand back and forth in front of her mouth, pretanding to brush her teeth. But an
18 to 24 months old infants can close the door and move the tower of blocks. In just 2 years,
the infant progresses from reflexive responding to activily exploring the world. According to my
mother my cognitive developmental milestone was sligthly delay or late due my skin diseased at
the age of 4, my health affects my cognitive development during infancy but she revealed that
between 2 to 3 weeks i can open and close my mouth, i could stick out my touge matching my
mother’s action. Around 5 months of age before I was able to develop my memory, my mom
revealed Example when she showed to me a little bird, the first time i saw it i felt a little bit
surprise and I was afraid then i cried but when the second time she showed to me the bird i was
no longer afraid instead i’m already trying to reach it and want to play with it. in recent study of
cognitive development in terms of memory infants can recall more of what they experience and
remember it longer (Courage & Howe,2004; Pephrey et.,2004). My language developmental
milesstone was really delayed, i did not learn on time to speak even our primitive cultural
language. According to my mom, she can’t even remember when was the first utterances of my
first word. She revealed that among her 8 childrens i am the only one who learned to speak at
the age of 4. Reseacher have found that the child’s vocabulary development is linked to the
family’s socioeconomic status and the type of talk of parents direct to their children (Betty Hart
and Todd Risley, 1995). Another research study revelead that infants whose mother spokes
more often to them had markedly higher vocabularies( Janellen Huttenlocher, 1991). An
11. interactionist view emphasizes that both biology and experience contribute to language
development ( Holf,2014).
Early childhood development ( 2- 6 years old)
Physical development
Physical development during early childhood involves the body growth and change, motor and
perceptual development, sleep, nutrition and excercise. The average child grows 2 ½ inches
height and gains between 5 and 7 pounds a year during early childhood ( Wilson and
Hockenberry, 2012). According to my mom, I am smaller and lighter during this years. Looking
back on my preschool years, I observe that my classmate was taller than I am, they are fatier
than I am. I believe that my height being short was due to prenatal problems, or growth
hormones deficiency. Research study revealed that emotional difficulty or maternal problem
during pregnancy would affect the childs growth physically ( Ball, Bindler, & cowan, 2014; Wit,
Kiess, & Mullis, 2011). On the other hand my brain and nervous system develops normally at
this stage. By the time children reach 3 years of age, the brain is three-quarters of it’s adul size.
By age 6, the brain has reached about 95% of its adult size ( Lenroot & Giedd, 2006).
additionally, my motor and perceptual development continue to develop rapidly at this stage, at
3 years of age I enjoyed simple movements, such as hopping, jumping, and running back and
forth, but sometime i broke plates and glasses i am somewhat clumsy at this age. By the age 4 I
had become more adventurous. At age 5 I have started climbing to a guava trees or any trees
12. that I could see around. At 6 I am already playing with my playmates,like racing. In terms of my
perception at 4 i could already identify colors, but not shape. At 5 i know how to read letters in
alphabet except letter r,and f. And i am farsighted. My mom revealed, that i only sleep
approximately 8 to 10 hours at night and 2 hours nap during the day. Most of the time i got
sleep problems of nightmares. Sleep problems in early childhood were a subsequent indicator
of attention problem that in some cases persisted into early adolescence ( O’ Callaghan &
others, 2010). Lastly, in terms of my health at this stage i am considered to be malnurished. I
had iron deficiency anemia. Poverty is an especially strong risk factor for malnutrition in young
children
( Black & others,2013). Research study revealed that young children from low-income families
are the most likely to develop iron deficiency anemia ( Shamah & Villalpando, 2006).
Emotional development during early childhood (2-6 years old)
Emotional and personality development includes: the self, emotional development, moral
development, and gender. In Erik Erickson’s (1968) psychosocial developmental stages
associated with early childhood is initiative versus guilt. At this stage i began to discover what
kind of person will become. I can identify my parents as nagger, strict, sometimes appear to
me beautiful if not angry. Most of the time, i defined them powerful and demanding. Recent
research study revealed that young children are more psychologically aware of themeselves
and others than used to be thought ( Easterbrooks & others, 2013). I believe at this stage I
13. could already understand my my self and others. For example, i know that I am thiner and
shorter than my classmates or playmates, “ I am different from my sister because I have big
eyes”, and “ I am poorer than my classmates”. I believe at this stage, i already develop a
feeling guilt.I remember one day I cried to much because one of my classmate bully me. One
study revealed that insecurity attached preschool children whose mother reported a high level of
parenting stress and depressive symptoms had lower self-concept than other young children in
more positive family circumtances ( Goodvin & others, 2008). Additionally, by age 4 i could
already tell a lie to avoid punishment. For example, I accidentally hit the basket with full of eggs
while playing at the age of more or less 5 years old. To my scared of being punished i did not
tell my mom that i am the one who hit the basket and broke the eggs inside. Researcher have
found that even 4-years-olds understand that people may makes statements that aren’t true to
obtain what they want or to avoid trouble ( Lee & others,2002). As i grew older, my emotional
reactions develops and my ability to control my emotion also develops.i could say that evidence
when my mother was angry and tell me to stop crying, or stop playing, with this I know that even
i want to continue what i am doing i had to stop and follow my mother even if it is against my will
becasue i understand her emotions that if i will follow her command i will be punished. Recent
study revealed that between 2 and 4 years of age, children considerably increased the number
of terms they use to describe emotions. During this time,they are also learning about the causes
and consequences of feelings. ( Denham & others, 2011). According to Freud’s psychoanalytic
14. theory, children attempt to reduce anxiety, avoid punishement, and maintain parental affection
by identifying with parents and internalizing thier standards of right or wrong, thus forming the
superego-the moral elements of personality. Based on what I learn from this concepts, i believe
that at this age i develop a negative feelings- such as anger, outrage, shame, and guilt. In terms
of my moral reasoning; from 4 to 7 years of age, i displayed heteronomous morality. For
example; everytime i commit mistakes i know that i will be punished by my mother.by 7 to 10
years of age i reason out somtimes become confused about how my mom parenting styles.
Sometimes i obeyed them and sometimes i don’t . At about 10 years of age, i showed
autonomous morality toward my mom’s treatment. I become aware that her rules and laws was
different from other parents. I had started to deviates the norms in the family. I answer back, I
reason out. I discussed things and explain my side. According to Bandura (2009,2010a,b,2012),
children observe people morally they are likely to copy thier actions. To achieve the self-control,
children must learn to delay gratification. According to social cognitive theorists, the cognitive
factors are important in the child’s development of self-control.
Cognitive development during early childhood (2-6 years old)
There were three theorist of cognitive development such as; Piaget’s Preoperational stage,
Vygotsky’s theory, and information processing theory. According to preoperational stage, which
last from approximately 2 to 7 years of age, children begin to represent the world with words,
images, and drawings. They form stable concepts and begin to reason. At the same time, the
15. youngs cognitive world is dominated by egocintrism and magical beliefs. I could already recall
by at the age of 4,when my mother gave birth to my younger sister.I remember we are playing
with my friend and we used to played the character of mother, father, and child. We dress up
like how mom and dad mode of dressing, we dialog some of their conversations and discussion.
We immitate their actions. According to Mandler & Deloache (2012), this ability vastly expands
the child’s mental world.By age 4 and 6 years i thought intuitively, i could recall when started
asking my mom so many questions some she anwered it wrongly and philosopically and if she
cannot answer it correctly she will mad at me, and even bit me. Example, when i asked her why
the blood is red, not green,or yellow? She bit me and tell me that am i crazy for asking such
stupid question? Piaget’s called this substage intuitive because young children seem so sure
about their knowledge and understanding yet unaware of how they know what they know. That
is, they know something but know it without the use of rational thinking.
However, Vygotsky’s said that language and thougt initially develop independently of each
other and then merge.Example; age between 3 to 6 years of age children’s involves talking to
oneself, and after a while self-talk become second nature to children, and they can act without
verbalizing. Children have internalized their egocentric speech in the form if inner speech, which
becomes their thoughts. Example; i could recall when I was at this age, i am playing alone and i
am talking to myself, and sometimes i talk to my doll what to do if their is enemy,and i tell my
doll to run.etc. Vygotsky’s view that private speech plays’s a positive role in chidrens
16. development (Winsler, Carton, and Barry, 2000). Reseacher have found that children who use
private speech are more attentive and improve their perfomance more than children who do not
use private speech ( Berk & Spuhl, 1995).
Middle childhood development (6-12 years old)
Physical development
The period of middle and late childhood involves slow, and consistent growth ( Burns &
others,2013).this is the period of calm before the period of adolescence. During the elementary
school years children grow an average of 2 to 3 inches a year until, the age of 11, the average
girl is 4 feet, 10 inches tall.and the average boy is 4 feet, 9 inches tall. On the other hand brain
continue to develop during this stage,some areas become more active while others less active.
The areas of the brain not being used lose synaptic connections and those being used show
increased connection. In one study. researcher found less diffusion and more focal activation in
the prefrontal cortex from 7 to 30 years of age. This brain development during childhood was
link to the cognitive development of the middle or late childhood ( Diamond,2013).
During this period my motor development become more smoother and more coordinated than i
am during early childhood. I could already use my hands as tools. At 5 years of age I could
already hammer, carry chair, tie my shoes, and botton clothes. By 7 years of age, my fine motor
control develops well. My hands become steadier. By this time, I could already print letters, print
my name and my mothers name in smaller printing. At 8 to 10 years of age, i could already use
17. my hands to write independently with more ease and precision. And I learned to wave mat. At
age 10 to 12 years of age, i begin to manulate skills similar to my mom, I was able to wave mat
better quality than my mom did. And I learn to played guitar at this age. Also a nine year old
revealed that the higher level of physical activity was linked to a lower level of metabolic disease
risk based on measure such as cholesterol, waist circumference, and insulin ( Parrett & others,
2011). I could say that during middle childhood and late childhood we did a lot of excercise like
walking a long distance of approximately 6 to 8 kilometers morning and afternoon every school
days when we go to our school. Because our home was very far from our school. With this I
didn’t got problems on lowering my fat levels.
Emotional development and personality middle and late childhood
I could recall during my elementary school years, i always compare myself to others, i love
challenges and compitition, and most of the time i end up fighting and quarelling with my friends
because i don’t want to be defeated. According to Harter (2012, 2013), children at this point of
development are more likely to distinguish themselves from others in comparative rather than in
absolute terms. I remembered at age 7, I am not actually thinking what to do, but i was thinking
what i can do in comparison with others. At 8 years old, i develop understanding other people,
their thoughts, and feelings and learn to listen to others opinions especially when we had group
assignments. In terms of my self-esteem I coulds recall that during this period i had low self-
esteem and somewhat negative self-concept about myself. I don’t feel good about my
18. appearance, I am not academically compititive, and above all I was insecured of so many
things. According to Thompson(2011), thus children have low self-esteem in middle or late
childhood, they may have experience neglect or abuse in relationships with thier parents earlier
in development. Recent study revealed, that youth with low self-esteem had lower life
satisfaction at 30 years of age ( Berkinland & others, 2012). Another research study found that
low and decreasing self-esteem in adolescence was linked to adult depression two decades
later (Steiger & others, 2014). However, one of the most important aspects of self in middle and
late childhood was self-regulation. I could remembered when I was 9 years old and i’m in grade
3, i was challenge to get an honors or award because I always recieve negative feedback about
my performance in school and my mother always compare me to my sister who is always in
the list of top 10 every year. With this i study hard and exert to much effort to proved them that I
deserve positive feedback. Luckilly, at the end of the year I got second honors. I realized that
achieving something may results to joy.Recent study revealed that the increased capacity is
characterized by deliberate efforts to manage one’s behavior, emotions, and thoughts, leading
to increased social competence and achievement ( Schunk & Zimmerman, 2013; Thompson,
2014c, 2015). However, in Erik Erickson’s (1968) stage of psychosocial development middle
adulthood is the fourth stage, industry versus inferiority. Children become interested of how
things are made and how they work. When children are encouranged in their efforts to work for
something their sense of industry increases, however, parents who see their children’s efforts at
19. making things as ‘mischief’ or making a “mess” encourage children development of a sense of
inferiority. Based on this i learned that parents should be responsible, supportive in helping their
children to cope with stressful situations. I could recall during this stage when the terrorist attack
our home place in Mindanao, especifically in Ipil, Zamboanga Sibugay. i was left alone in our
house while all my brothers and sisters run for their life. I was so scared, and trembling upon
knowing that they left me alone in the middle of the night, i couldn’t heard anything except the
firing of guns. Based on this experienced I have learned that disasters can especially harm
children’s development and produce adjustment problems ( Scheerings, Cobhan, &
McDermott,2014). Among the outcomes for children who experience disasters are acute stress
reactions, depression, panic disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder ( pfefferbaum,newman, &
Nelson, 2014). However, my attachment in my family during middlie childhood I spent less time
with my parents instead i spent more time with my peers, teachers, and friends. A recent study
revealed that secure attachment was linked to a higher level of children’s emotion regulation
and less difficulty in identifying emotions ( Brumariu, kerns & Seibert, 2012).
Cognitive development during middle and late childhood (6-12 years old)
According to Piaget ( 1952), the preschool child thought is preoperational. They can form stable
concepts, and they begun to reason, but their thinking is flowed by egocentrism and magical
belief systems.during this period I could say that i improved my ability to sustain and control my
attention. Sometimes confuse appearances with reality.
20. Physical development during Adolescence ( 13-19 years old)
Regarding my physical development during this period i could say that there was a stricking
changes that take place in my body. At 13 years of age, my breast began to enlarge, few pubic
hair appearances then followed by the appearance of hair in my armpits. I grow a little bit in
height and my hips become wider than my shoulder. My first menstruation occurs late at the age
of 18. On the other hand my hormonal development changes at the same time. Example
widineng of my hips. Recent study revealed, the concentrations of certain hormones increase
dramatically during adolescence ( koolschijn, peper & Crone, 2014; Nguyen & others, 2013).
Additionally, late maturation has been linked with body image. Research found that late
maturing girls were more satisfied ( Simmon & Blyth, 1987) a posible reason for this is that in
late adolescence early- maturing girls are shorter and stockier, whereas late-maturing girls are
taller and thinner.further more early maturing girls increases vulnerability to a number of
problems ( Graber, 2013). I believe that in terms of my maturity i am somewhat late at the age
of 14. On the other hand, in terms of my brain development at this stage i could say that the
development of my brain changes in a botom-up,top-down sequence with sensory,
appetitive,sexual, sensation seeking, and risk taking brain linkages maturing first and higher-
level brain linkages such as self-control, planning, reasoni ng maturing later. For example, i am
capable of very strong emotions but my prefrontal cortext hasn’t adequate developed to the
point of which i cannot control passions. It is the brain doesn’t have the brakes to slow down the
21. emotion. So therefore, the development of my emotion and cognition in adolescence must be
congruence. With i learned that during adolecent that my brain develop normaly because i could
control my emotion and passion especially when it comes to opposite sex. Additionally, my
sexuality develops at this stage. I had develop a sense of sexual fantasies and curiousity. For
example, i could say that I am not sexually attractive. I was curious how to do sex, and confused
about what the future holds for my sexual life. Honestly, all these questions and my confussions
was only answered when I got married because i am not exposed to watch televisions and i am
not opened to my mother regarding this issues.
Emotional development during adolescence ( 13- 19 years old)
During this period adolescents face dramatic biological changes.adollescents thought become
more abstract and idealistic. G. Stanly Halll proposed the ‘ storm- and- stress” view that
adolescence is a turbulence time charged with conflict and mood savings. However, Daniel
(1980), study the self-image of adolescents in united States, at least 73% of the adloslecents
displayed a healthy self-image. They found out that the adololescents were happy most of the
time, they enjoy life, they perceived themselves as able to excercise self-control, they value
work and school, they felt confident about their sexual selves, they expressed positive feeling
toward their families, they felt that they have the capacity to cope with life’s stresses. In contrast,
based on the recent research adolescents today were more troubled, less respecful, more self-
centered, more assertive, and more adventurous than they are ( Feldman & Elliott, 1990).
22. It was Erik Erickson’s ( 1950,1968) identity versus identity confusion stage of psychosocial
development is the adolescence stage. It is during this stage that adolescents are faced with
deciding who they are,what they are all about, and where they are going in life. I could readily
recall during my adolescence age that my ambition is always changing, sometimes i want to
become a teacher, and then the next month i want to become a nurse. Also in my mode of
dressing i love to wore different styles of dresses. My purpose of doing such things because i
want to find out which one fit me most. If i receive a positive feedback or negative feedback that
will be my bases to decide what to wear next time. I believe at the age of approximately 17 to
19 I was able resolve this conflict identity confusion. I already know what i want, i learned to
accept negative criticism. But my self-esteem is low at this stage until i reach adulthodd.
In one study revealed, both girls and boys had paricularly high self-esteem in childhood, but
dropped considerably during adolescence ( Robins & others, 2002). Based on this research i
believe that one of the main reason of the decline of my self-esteem due to my negative body
image during pubertal change. It has something to do with my perception of about my selves.
During puberty stage of my development i have negative perception about my physical
apperance, intellectual ability as a results a develop this negative perception untill adolescence
period. Though some self-esteem do not always match reality ( Jordan & Ziegler-hill, 2013).
Another important development in my emotion during this period was my religious/ spiritual
development. During adolescence i was influence by a good christian friend of mine to attend
23. church every Sunday, attending bible study and prayer meetings. With this activity it helps me a
lot to mold my personal life to drawn closer to God but i wasn’t yet babtize as christian. Though i
had accepted Jesus as my personal savior, my creator, my provider, and healer. My belief on
religious helps shapes my daily lives and my spiritual growth. It is my great motivator to search
for my identity during adolescents and serve as my guide to begin with my adult life. Researcher
have found that adolescent girls are more religious than are adolescent boys, and more change
from religiousness occured from 14 to 18 years of age than from 20 to 24 years of age (King &
Roeser, 2009).
Cognitive development during Adolescence (13- 19 years old)
In Piaget’s psychosocial stages of development this is the formal operational stage which
children’s thought become more abstract than concrete operational thought. Adolescents are
no longer limited to actual concrete experiences as anchor for thought. For example, I have
already develops my ability to solve problems verbally. Like A=B and B=C, I could already
solve this problem merely through verbal presentation. Another evidence of the development of
my abstract thinking during this period was when I began thinking about “ the problem, there is
no problem that’s why there is a problem and what is the problem?” I usually ask my friends to
answer this puzzles. It sounds abstract because it focus on thought and abstract qualities.
Besides from thinking abstractly I also develop to think idealistically andI become more logical.
Though I solve problem through trial and error. Another study revealed that adolescent were
24. egocentrism, heightened self-consciousness ( David Elkind, 1976). According to Eklkind, the
parts of adolescent egocentrism involving a sense of uniqueness and invicibility ( or
invulnerability). For example, I am thinking about myself; “ No one understand me, particularly
my mother. They have no idea of what I am feeling,”. With this i was able to craft story about
myself whcih filled with fantacies, emerging myselves in a world that is far removed from
reality.evidence can be found in my diaries until now. On the other hand cognitive control also
develops during adolescents. According to Carlson, Zelazo, & Faja, (2013). For example, I this
stage I was aware that i need to change my way of thinking and motivate to do so. It involves
my decision making such as which friend to choose and what course to take. Recent study
revealed that older adolescents describe as more competent than younger adolescents (
Keiting, 1990).
Early Adulthood ( 20- 40 years old)
An important aspect of emerging adulthood is the reseliance that some individuals have shown
in moving their life in a positive direction ( Masten, 2013,2014; Masten & Tellegen, 2012). At this
point of my development I am still exploring which carreer path i want to follow, I have thought of
what identity I want to be, and I thought of lifestyle I want to adopt.
Physical development during earlyadulthood (20-40 years old)
Midlife physical changes are usually more gradual. The most visible sign of changes during
middle adulthood is physical appearance. For example, in my appearance i noticed that at the
25. age of 30 my skin begin to wrinkles specially my forehead, my hairs become thinner and grayer
due to a lower replacement rate and a decline of melanin production. My figernails and toenails
develop ridges and become thicker and more brittle. My tooth decayed..additionally, during
middle adulthood I lose my height of 1 inch , but not gain weight. Recent study shown that the
height lose for women can be as much as 2 inches from 25 to 75 years of age ( Hoyer &
Roodin, 2009). I also experience joint stiffness at age 30, presently I develops difficulty in
movement especially if I seated a long period of time. Research study found that maximum
bone density occurs by mid- to late thirties, after which their is a progressive lose of bone. The
rate of this bone loss begins slowly but accelerates with further aging ( Baron, 2012). Women
loss bone mass twice as fast as men do. My vision and my hearing, my ability to focus and
maintain image on my retina not like before, the sharpness decline at my age 38. I have
difficulty viewing close objects. In terms of my hearing ability, I could say that I had a problem on
hearing since I broke my eardrum at the age of 25. On my left ear 75% of my hearing was lose
and on the right 25% was lose. I didn’t have ability to hear low-pitched sounds. Reseacher
identify new posibilities for improving the vision and hearing as they age. One strategy involves
better control of glare or background noise ( Natalizia & others, 2010).
Emotional development during early and adulthood (20- 40 years old)
During thid period, my emotional development revolves around into more enjoyable
relationships with others, I was face to many challenges in life and I tried to adopt lifestyles that
26. would emotionally satisfying, predictable, and manageable. Current research shows that the first
20 years of life are not maeningless in predicting an adult socioemotional landscape ( Cicchetti
& Toth, 2015; Thomson, 2015).
My Temperament during early adulthood
In early adulthood, most individuals show fewer emotional mood swings than they did in
adolescence, and they become more responsible and engage in less risk- taking bahavior
( Charles & Luong, 2011). Early and difficult temperaments. In one of longitudinal study,
children who had easy temperament at 3 to 5 years old were likely to be well adjusted as young
adults ( Chess & Thomas, 1987). In contrast, many children who had difficult temperament at 3
to 5 years of age well not well adjusted as young adults. Based on this concepts. Based on this,
I believe that during adulthood I am already well adjusted. This concepts shows evidence of the
law of continuity.
My Attachment during early adulthood
Securely attached infants are defined as those who use the caregiver as a secure base from to
explore the environment. Similarly, adults may count on their romantic partners to ba a secure
base to which they can return and obtain comfort and security in stressful time ( shaver &
Mikulincer, 2013). Another research study revealed that young adults who were securely
attached in their romantic relationships were more likely to describe their early relationship with
their parents as securely attached ( Steele & others, 1998). Based on this concepts I believe
27. that the view of nature attachment during infancy and its nurture environmental influence on my
development. In my case, the attachment security in my infancy does not produce long-term
positive outcomes, but rather negative outcomes because my adulthood experiences in social
and cultural context was not good. For example, I was not securely attach with my husband
because we our marriage was through parental agreement, I felt uneasy and uncomfortable
being close to him, I find difficult to trust him completely to allow myself to depend on him. I get
nervous if he get close to me and it bothers me.I often worry that my husband doesn’t really love
me. So therefore I would conclude that even during infancy I have securely attached to my
mom. but during adulthood I am not securely attach to my partner because of environmental
experiences.I develop an avoidance attachment during adulthood. Additionally, national survey
indicated that adults with avoidant attachment have lower level of sexual satisfaction than their
counterparts with a secure attachment pattern ( Brassard & others, 2012). As a whole I could
reflect to my life journey that my avoidance attachment during adulthood affects my entire
marital relationship. Our relationship last only at appromately 7 years despite of our effort to stay
in marriage and tried to work things out we still ended to broke up. This challenges for me to
start all over again, though depression, anxiety, physical illnesses, and even thinking of
commiting suicide during this period, which i defind my mid-life crisis.
28. Middle Adulthood development ( 40-60 years old)
In Erikson’s Stage of psychosocial development this middle adulthood is generativity vs
Stagnation stage of development. Generativity encompasses adults desire to leave legacies of
themselves to the next generation ( Busch & Hofer, 2012). By contrast, Stagnation develops
when individuals sense that they have done nothing for the next generation.
However, My development at this stage will be predictions about my future since I am only 39
years old turning 40 by June next year.So to make it short I will summarize my developmental
lifespan in middle adulthood as one, such as physical, emotional, and cognitive develoment.
As an adult and teacher, i will continue to guide my students by teaching, leading, and doing
things that benifits the community. As a mother, I will continue to nurture and guide my children
to reach their zone of proximality development (ZPD) for them to be able to reach their fullest
potential personality development. In one study, Carol Ryff ( 1984) views of women and men at
different ages, and found that middle-aged adults especially were concerned about generativity.
Another study revealed that, the desire for generativity increased as adults ages from their
thirties and above ( Stewart, Ostrove, & Helson, 2001). Additionally, according to Lavinson by
age 40 one much reached a stable point of his career,and must outgrown his/ her earlier midlife
crisis and spent more tenuous attempt at learning to become an adult, and now must look
forward to be kind of life he/ she will lead as a middle-aged adult. I believe that this stage, i will
be in control of my life. I will be in control of my financies, my work, and my marriage than during
29. my early adulthood. though my physical development decline I will make it sure that I will gain
high marital quality in the future, to live my life with full self-actualization and contenment till my
last days in this wonderful world that God created for us to live happily.
Conclusion
My body and mind have changed in several ways since I was younger. Both my mind and my
body have matured with age. Although my body has matured. I am often told that I am
sometimes appear childish. However, sometimes I tend to act emotionally imatured for not able
to control my emotion even in front of so many people. I believe that at this time I become more
matured mentally for my age given my responsibilities and life experiences. I expect my mind
and body continue to mature with age. However, I do not view this a negative experience
because with this aging I believe I will gain an even better understanding of myself.
My decision to attend MA Dev. Psyh had significant impact on my development, I believe that
my Master education prepares people for entry into the real world upon graduation. Attending
MA. Allow me to mature and grow into adult I want to be in the future. It allow me to reflect who
am I and explore who I want to become as a wife, as a mother, or as a grand mother in the
future. Besides I beleive that, there are several benefits to receiving a higher education. This
benefits includes higher income upon graduation, financial success. A great commitment to
ones goals and values, knowledge, and future. Because it increase in confidence, and an
30. increase in critical thinking skills. I believe that taking this subjects will have positive impact on
my future because it has helped me become a better-rounded individual.
If I could pass on any piece of wisdom to my children, I would encourage them that what would
be my experience on the past, mistakes and to learn from these mistakes. Now those mistakes
how my parents raised me will hopefully not repeated for my children. I would express to my
Children that personal development is continuous, dynamic process. I would advise them not to
become stagnant and encourage them to become active participants of their own personal
development. In other words, there is always room for improvement. This assignment was
beneficial because it forced me to acquire a greater level of self- awareness of my whole
lifespan development and offered insight on my individual identity, my philosophies, and values.
I gain a better understanding of my past based on theoretical concepts, my strenght , and my
weaknessess.