Smart cities technologies can help improve water management, waste management, and healthcare. For water management, technologies like smart meters, leak detection sensors, and water quality meters can improve efficiency, reduce non-revenue water, and ensure adequate supply. For waste management, technologies such as sensor-based waste collection, GPS on trucks, and analytics can optimize collection and ensure waste is disposed of properly. For healthcare, technologies including electronic medical records, remote patient monitoring, and telemedicine can enhance access to care, improve outcomes, and reduce costs.

1. Smart Environment Facilities
Unit-V

2. Syllabus
• Water & Wastewater, Waste Management,
Health & human Services.

3. Smart Water Management
• Water management is a basic as well as
essential service provided by the city
government to its citizens and businesses.
Most of the cities have a vast water
distributions network running for
thousands of kilometres.

4. Smart Water Management

5. Smart Water Management
• Most cities depend on a few key sources like
rivers and ponds for water supply. Groundwater
management does not exist in most of the cities.
Water resources in India are depleting due to
increasing consumption because of rising
population and increased water consumption in
urban areas. In 2010, India ranked 120th among
the 122 nations in terms of quality of water
available to its citizens. Most cities are unable to
tap rain water up to its maximum potential.

6. Smart Water Management

7. Smart Water Management
• There is no water metering in most of cities,
leading to irresponsible use of water and high
non-revenue water and under recovery. For e.g.,
in Delhi, as much as 40 per cent of water is lost
due to leaking pipes and many households go
without water. It is estimated that 27 per cent of
homes in Delhi receive tap water for less than
three hours a day. In order to improve water
management, India needs an integrated
approach for water and wastewater
management to meet the various needs to
citizens and businesses.

8. Smart Water Management

9. Smart Water Management

10. Smart Water Management for
Smart Cities
Smart Water Management for Smart Cities
• Technology plays an important role by providing
visibility in demand/supply to ensure equitable water
distributions and optimise energy use to pump water in
vast water distribution network, reducing the non-
revenue water by detecting leakages faster and
reducing theft by detecting ghost pipes. Smart meter
technology shapes behavior of citizens and businesses
by providing visibility in consumption and reduces
under recovery by accurate metering. Water asset
management, water management operations and
customer services can be improvised significantly
using technology.

11. Smart Water Management for
Smart Cities

12. Analytics
• Analytics: Data analytics is an efficient and
inexpensive way to improve water
management strategies. It helps in
determining in real-time when, how much and
where water is being used. Predictive
analytics helps in understanding water
availability pattern and forecasting to
ensure adequate supply

13. Water infrastructure management
• Water infrastructure management: Geospatial-
based water infrastructure management
(WIM) solution can provide all the details of a
municipal or private water and wastewater
distribution system. It helps to plan, conduct
engineering analysis, design work orders and
manage mapping, asset and maintenance
records. It helps engineers, planners, designers,
dispatchers, accountants and crews do a better
job of utilising and managing the facilities

14. Automate groundwater access
approval process
• Automate groundwater access approval
process: BPM solutions help in designing
and building automated end-to-end business
processes (starting with water rights
administration) that coordinate the
interactions among people, systems and
information; increase transparency and
performance of business processes and
enhance business agility

15. Ghost pipe detection system
• Ghost pipe detection system: Advanced
technology and sensors to detect the ghost
pipes to ensure zero theft
• Leakage sensors: Leakage sensors to
automatically detect water leakages. Water
leakage detection sensors can be used in a variety
of applications. Once they detect water leakage
they can raise alerts to shut-off the water flow
to the leaky area in water distribution network

16. Ghost pipe detection system

17. Ghost Pipe Detection System

18. Outage management system
• Outage management system: Identifies the
likely cause of an outage based on inputs
from the call centre, field crews, etc. and
reduces outage resolution time and outage
costs are contained

19. Outage Management System

20. Water pressure optimiser
• Water pressure optimiser: Ensures that the
right pump configuration are running at the
right time – all the time, at the right efficiency.
For instance it can optimize the pressure. This
minimizes the water lost in existing leakages and
reduces the risk of new burst and breaks.
• Real-time hydraulic modelling water
distributions tool: Informs the operator of any
issues about volume, quality or pressure
providing immediate knowledge about actions
made

21. Water and wastewater SCADA
• Water and wastewater SCADA: Helps to
manage water and wastewater
infrastructure by measuring, collecting and
analyzing network data, making it available to
operators Mapping and modelling of water
distribution assets and network: Global data
models and a suite of integrated applications
that are fundamental to geospatial management
of a water distribution network

22. Water and wastewater SCADA

23. Online hydrology maps
• Online hydrology maps: Hydro geological
maps can estimate reserves of underground
waters and determine the watering capacity
of mineral deposits and determine the
interrelationship of geological structure,
terrain and underground water, hence, giving
citizens a view of the current groundwater
levels. Making hydrology maps available
online can help citizens to identify right
locations for groundwater

24. Online hydrology maps

25. Smart meters
• Smart meters: Smart metering provisions
near real-time information enabling
customers to understand and monitor their
water usage and assists the water utility in
managing its network and provide better
customer service. Smart meters also provide a
more detailed understanding of where water is
being used, and in what quantities,
enhancing the ability to pinpoint and tackle
leakage

26. Smart meters

27. Water booster pump system
• Water booster pump system: Assess energy
saving opportunities in the existing pumping
systems and upgrade where necessary to the
water booster pumping system so as to reduce
annual energy consumption, improved system
reliability and lower maintenance requirements
Water quality meters: Leverage water quality
meters to measure the water quality on real-time
basis to take corrective action in case of any
degradation of water quality

28. Water booster pump system

29. Water quality meters

30. Water supply analytics
• Water supply analytics: Use of predictive
analysis to better understand how the
citizens use water, how this affects a city's
water network and how can it be optimized to
ensure adequate supply of water
• Sensors in sewer line infrastructure: Help
in quick detection of leakages and blockages
in sewer lines to avoid flooding and overflow

31. Sensors in sewer line infrastructure
• While government is planning to modernize
and extend the existing water infrastructure
and water network. Smart Cities technologies
for Smart Water management can be
leveraged to improve efficiency and capacity
of water management.

32. Sensors in sewer line infrastructure

33. Waste Management
• Growth in population and change in
lifestyles has led to increase in waste
generation. Municipal solid waste includes
residential and commercial wastes generated in
city areas in either solid or semi-solid form
including bio-medical wastes. Safe and cost-
effective management of municipal solid
waste is a significant social, environmental
and health challenge for modern society.

34. Waste Management

35. Waste Management
• Indian cities alone generate more than 100
million tonnes of solid waste a year. It is
estimated that up to 40 per cent of
municipal waste in India remains
uncollected. A large number of cities do not
have any processing facilities which mean
that the municipalities tend to haphazardly
dump wastes all over the landfills.

36. Waste Management

37. Waste Management
• Lack of storage and collection facilities,
segregation of waste, pollution and
contamination due to dumping of garbage
on roads, open transportation in trucks,
space constraints with landfills, social and
environmental issues associated with
landfills and lack of reusable and recyclables
are the key issues in solid waste management.

38. Waste Management

39. Waste Management

40. Waste Management
• Considering the social, environmental and
health impact of waste management and
sanitation, Government of India has launched
Swachh Bharat Mission. The objective of the
Mission is to improve solid waste management
practices leveraging modern technologies,
eliminate open defecation and manual scavenging
by providing toilet facility, capacity
augmentation of ULBs, involving private
sector, bring behavior change and social
change.

41. Waste Management

42. Waste Management
• While the Government is committed to
building millions of toilets to eliminate open
defecation, technology plays an important role in
improving solid waste management, sanitation
and citizen communication/awareness.
• Technology can provide visibility on city
sanitation & solid waste management, route
planning for garbage collection, resource
optimisation, efficient asset management,
efficient maintenance, visibility of waste bins,
air quality measurements etc.

43. Waste Management

44. Some of the key technologies relevant to achieve
objectives of Swachh Bharat Mission includes:
• Online platforms: Online platforms provide
options and alternatives to the user to look into
reusing old stuff. The existing user is also
encouraged to look for options to sell and
regain value from the product before
discarding the product as waste.

45. Online platforms

46. key technologies
• Analytics: Accurate projections on total waste
generated, waste type and identification of
high waste generation areas enable effective
planning and management of solid waste
management services. Use of analytics during
events with large citizen involvement such
as festivals and fairs can ensure smooth
collection and transport of waste

47. key technologies
• Crowd-sourcing: Citizens can be
encouraged to report (web/mobile/social
channels) waste-related activities which need
urgent attention from the authorities.

48. key technologies
• Sensor-based waste collection: Sensor-based
waste bins to identify status of waste bins if it
is empty or filled so as to customise the
waste collection schedule accordingly and
save costs

49. Sensor-based waste collection

50. key technologies
• Automated waste collection system:
Automated Waste Collection System (ACS) is
a long-term solution and can take care the
conventional methods like door-to-door,
curb-side, block, community bins collections
and transportation via chute system from high
rise buildings with waste sucked though pipes
and minimal human intervention

51. Automated waste collection system:

52. key technologies
• GPS devices and sensors on waste truck:
GPS technology to route the waste collection
trucks to optimise the collection efficiency
and ensure contractors dump waste in
designated places. It will also give a clear
picture of waste generated per ward

53. GPS devices and sensors on waste
truck

54. key technologies
• Sensor-based sorting: Sorting waste
material with the use of sensor technology
helps in smart sorting. The sensor technology
can recognise materials based on their visible
spectrum or colour with infrared/ultraviolet
spectra or based on their specific and
unique spectral properties of reflected light,
or atomic density or
conductivity/permeability or atomic
characteristics

55. Sensor-based sorting

56. key technologies
• Pollution sensors: Leverage the pollution
sensors to gauge pollution levels at landfills
• Energy simulation (waste to energy): Use of
energy simulation software and analytics
can provide accurate projections of waste
generation and energy production from waste

57. Pollution sensors

58. key technologies
• Analytics-based landfill management:
Accurate waste generation and collection
projections along-with break-up of type
of waste can enable smart landfill
management

59. Analytics-based landfill
management

60. Analytics-based landfill
management
• Technology will become the key enabler in
improving efficiency & capacity of city
services to improve waste & sanitation value
chain. Technology will also enable real time
governance & control of waste and
sanitation value chain for Swachh & Smart
Bharat.

61. Analytics-based landfill
management

62. Healthcare in Smart Cities
• In countries around the globe, the cost of
taking care of people continues to rise
accounting for an ever-growing percentage
of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). At the
same time that the world’s population is aging,
chronic diseases like asthma, heart disease
and obesity are increasing in every age
group.

63. Healthcare in Smart Cities

64. Healthcare in Smart Cities
• Add to that a shrinking workforce and
a disturbing worldwide shortage of
doctors and nurses (India: is currently
running short of at least 600,000 doctors
and 1 million nurses), along with the
fact that fewer young medical
professionals are training to replace
them.

65. Healthcare in Smart Cities

66. Healthcare in Smart Cities
• Combine all this with legacy hospital
infrastructure and technology, paper-intensive
recordkeeping, and inconsistent standards, and
there is no doubt that the situation calls for a
smarter, more effective approach to
healthcare. This is also critical because a robust
healthcare system is the hallmark of organized
development. Healthy citizens will translate
into a productive workforce and a thriving
economy

67. Healthcare in Smart Cities

68. Healthcare in Smart Cities
• By definition this is a holistic approach to
healthcare that integrates the best of
technologies to remove information
barriers, enabling data to be analyzed and
shared in real time. Smart healthcare is about
forging time and creating cost-saving
collaborative partnerships among doctors,
administrators, insurers, and healthcare
institutions.

69. Healthcare in Smart Cities

70. Healthcare in Smart Cities
• It is about integrating communications into
a single, consolidated infrastructure, and
giving communities and individuals the
tools and knowledge they need in order to
make more informed choices. Such digital
healthcare delivery systems powered by the
Network can significantly improve
operational efficiency, optimize
collaboration, and lead to better patient
care and outcomes.

71. Healthcare in Smart Cities
• Smart healthcare solutions can help
improve both care delivery and business
operations for hospitals and medical
professionals by:

72. Healthcare in Smart Cities
• Providing essential information to doctors and
staff, regardless of the devices they are using
• Giving real-time access to patient records,
images and expert consultations, using any
device, anywhere
• Accurate tracking and location of patients,
staff, equipment and medical supplies
• Education programs for medical staff and
patients

73. Healthcare in Smart Cities

74. Accurate tracking and location of
patients

75. Healthcare in Smart Cities
• These solutions take full advantage of the
limitless possibilities of telehealth, or care-
at- a- distance. IP video technology (e.g.:
telepresence) can link patients and
providers to specialists and primary care
professionals, paving the way to faster and
more cost-effective remote medical
consultations, patient diagnoses, and
chronic disease management.

76. telehealth, or care- at- a- distance

77. Internet of Everything (IoE) in
healthcare
• When one thinks of the Internet of Things
(IoT), usually digital homes and connected
consumers come to mind. However, the
scope of IoT is expanding rapidly and
healthcare is an area of application that is
emerging at a fast pace. Advances in
information and communication
technologies are making healthcare services
smarter and improving lives every day

78. Internet of Everything (IoE) in
healthcare
• IoE can transform the healthcare sector,
result in better health outcomes, increase
productivity and provide an enhanced
patient experience. As more and more objects
that were not connected to the internet, begin
to connect with each other and with
powerful sensors, they interact to generate
huge amounts of data.

79. Internet of Everything (IoE) in
healthcare
• Smart cities will take medical care to
the next level enabling connectivity
across devices and remote monitoring
of patients. Here’s how connected
solutions can play an important role in
improving health care services for city
residents:

80. Advanced medical equipment for
health services
• The central government of India has
prepared a map for the development of 100
smart cities in the country. One of the key
elements of the proposed smart cities includes
state of the art health facilities for everyone.
The potential applications of technology to
improve efficiency, safety, and quality of
health care in India are truly enormous.

81. Leveraging telemedicine to deliver
better patient care
• Health monitoring devices have made it
possible for physicians to remotely collect
patient data to foster diagnostics, preventive
care, and measurement of treatment results.
They offer residents the convenience of
receiving alerts for medication and health
checkups. Users can also set up notifications
and workflows based on health status so
that proactive action can be taken.

82. Health monitoring devices

83. Leveraging telemedicine to deliver
better patient care
• For example, in hospitals, electronic medical
records can be used to set up notifications
that are automatically sent to the staff when
it’s time for a patient to take medicine or
when a test is due. In a similar manner,
patients receive text messages on their
phone to remind them of scheduled
appointments.

84. Leveraging telemedicine to deliver
better patient care

85. Internet of Everything (IoE) in
healthcare
• Analyzing that data in real time can
positively impact patient outcomes and
transform the way medical services are
delivered. As more and more devices start
talking to one another, the need for human
intervention will go down, saving time,
increasing efficiency and improving
healthcare delivery.

86. Internet of Everything (IoE) in
healthcare

87. Internet of Everything (IoE) in
healthcare
• IoE solutions can alter doctor-patient
interaction leading to quicker and intelligent
decision making. For example: with the help of
biometric and sensor technologies, doctors can
assess a drug’s efficacy quickly. Basis, that
information, the further line of treatment can be
decided. IoE thus empowers caregivers with the
requisite information to transform healthcare
delivery from a ‘disease-centric’ discipline to a
system focused on promoting and maintaining
wellness.

88. Internet of Everything (IoE) in
healthcare
• Solutions like the Cisco Patient Connect
provide a single platform for delivering
digital content, streaming media and
personalized patient information.
• Other solutions such as Virtual Patient
Observation helps doctors monitor patients
from a centralized location.

89. Cisco Patient Connect

90. Virtual Patient Observation

91. e-health and the future
• In countries like India, critical investments are
needed in healthcare (remote health, elderly
care), health information exchange, and
telehealth. Evidence strongly suggests that
implementing Information and
Communications technologies (ICT) can result
in higher quality and safer, more patient-
responsive healthcare. Mobile collaboration
technologies and BYOD for example can be
useful in delivery of better health outcomes.

92. e-health and the future

93. e-health and the future
• In summary therefore, adoption of
technology enabled solutions complimented
with an array of healthcare management
services, will help the healthcare industry in
India leapfrog into 'information age
healthcare', much quicker than imagined
before.

94. References
• http://www.smartcitieschallenge.in/
• http://smartcitiescouncil.com/
• http://smartcitiesofindia.in/
• Smart Water Management for Smart Cities- By
Rajul Mehrotra, Program Lead- 100 Smart Cities at
IBM India
• http://www.smartcitiesassociation.org/industries/healt
hcare.html

95. Thanks..