Suicide Prevention through Architecture (Building) and City Planning

Suicide Prevention through Architecture
(Building) and City Planning
Accessing The Potentials Of CPTED Principles In Addressing
Safety Concerns Of Suicide Prevention In City Planning

Introduction
• Suicide prevention through design is an approach that focuses on
creating environments, products, and systems that contribute to
mental well-being and deter suicidal thoughts or behaviors.
• This concept recognizes the significant impact that the physical and
social environment can have on an individual's mental health, and
aims to design spaces and structures that promote a sense of safety,
connection, and support.

Suicide Prevention through Architecture (Building) and
City Planning

Introduction
Key elements and considerations in suicide prevention through design:
1. Safe Architecture and Infrastructure:
• Design buildings and structures with features that discourage
access to potentially dangerous areas.
• Install barriers, fences, or safety nets in high-risk locations to
prevent individuals from attempting self-harm.
• Implement safety measures in public spaces, bridges, and other
structures known for high suicide rates.

Design buildings and structures with features that
discourage access to potentially dangerous areas.

Install barriers, fences, or safety nets in high-risk locations to

Implement safety measures in public spaces, bridges, and
other structures known for high suicide rates

Introduction
2. Therapeutic and Healing Spaces:
• Create environments that prioritize natural light, green spaces, and
access to nature, which are known to have positive effects on mental
health.
• Incorporate calming elements such as water features, artwork, and
soothing colors to create a peaceful atmosphere.
• Design spaces that facilitate relaxation, meditation, and mindfulness,
promoting mental well-being.

Therapeutic and Healing Spaces

Introduction
3. Community Connectivity:
• Foster a sense of community by designing public spaces that
encourage social interaction and connection.
• Develop spaces where people can gather, engage in activities, and
build supportive relationships.
• Promote inclusivity and diversity in design to ensure that all members
of the community feel welcome and valued.

Foster a sense of community by designing public spaces
that encourage social interaction and connection

Introduction
4. Mental Health Awareness:
• Integrate messaging and signage that raises awareness about mental
health, available support services, and helplines.
• Design spaces that destigmatize mental health issues and encourage
open conversations about well-being

Integrate messaging and signage that raises awareness about mental
health, available support services, and helplines

Introduction
5. User-Focused Design:
• Involve individuals with lived experience of mental health challenges
in the design process to ensure their perspectives are considered.
• Conduct research to understand the specific needs and preferences of
the target population in order to tailor design solutions accordingly.

Introduction
6. Surveillance and Intervention:
• Implement surveillance systems in strategic locations to monitor for
unusual behavior and allow for timely intervention.
• Train staff or community members in recognizing signs of distress and
providing appropriate support.

Implement surveillance systems in strategic locations to
monitor for unusual behavior and allow for timely
intervention

Introduction
7. Access to Mental Health Resources:
• Incorporate information and access points for mental health resources
within public spaces.
• Ensure that crisis intervention services are readily available and easily
accessible.

Access to Mental Health Resources

Introduction
• Suicide prevention through design is a multi-faceted and
interdisciplinary approach that requires collaboration between
architects, urban planners, mental health professionals, and community
members.
• By incorporating these principles into the design process, it is possible
to create environments that contribute positively to mental well-being
and help reduce the risk of suicide.

Connection Between Built Environments And
Mental Health
• The connection between built environments and mental health is a
complex and multifaceted relationship that has gained significant
attention in various fields, including psychology, urban planning, and
public health.
• Several factors within built environments can influence mental well-
being:

Mental Health
Urban Design and Layout:
• Walkability: Cities or neighborhoods designed for walking and
cycling can promote physical activity, which has positive effects on
mental health.
• Access to Nature: Proximity to parks, green spaces, and natural
elements has been linked to reduced stress, anxiety, and depression

Mental Health
Architectural Design:
• Natural Light and Ventilation: Well-designed buildings with ample
natural light and ventilation can positively impact mood and
productivity.
• Aesthetics: Visually appealing architecture can contribute to a sense of
well-being and satisfaction.

Natural Light and Ventilation, Aesthetics

Mental Health
Noise and Air Pollution:
• Noise Reduction: Exposure to excessive noise, such as traffic or
industrial sounds, has been associated with increased stress and mental
health problems.
• Air Quality: Poor air quality due to pollution can have negative
effects on cognitive function and mental well-being.

Mental Health
Community and Social Spaces:
• Social Connectivity: Spaces that encourage social interaction and
community engagement contribute to a sense of belonging and support
networks.
• Inclusive Design: Ensuring that built environments are accessible to
all individuals, regardless of physical abilities, fosters a sense of
inclusivity and community.

Mental Health
Housing Conditions:
• Affordability and Stability: Unstable housing situations and
unaffordable living conditions can contribute to stress and mental health
challenges.
• Space and Privacy: Having adequate personal space and privacy
within housing units is crucial for mental well-being.

Mental Health
Transportation Infrastructure:
• Commute Stress: Long and stressful commutes have been linked to
increased levels of anxiety and reduced life satisfaction.
• Access to Transportation: Adequate public transportation can
enhance mobility and access to essential services, positively impacting
mental health.

Mental Health
Safety and Security:
• Crime and Safety: High crime rates and feelings of insecurity in an
area can contribute to stress and anxiety among residents.
• Well-lit Public Spaces: Adequate lighting in public spaces can
enhance feelings of safety and reduce fear.

Mental Health
• Understanding and optimizing these aspects of built environments
can contribute to creating healthier, more supportive communities
that promote mental well-being.
• Urban planning and design that prioritize the psychological impact of
built spaces can play a crucial role in fostering positive mental health
outcomes for individuals and communities.

Importance of Creating Environments that Promote
Mental Well-being
Creating environments that promote mental well-being is crucial for several reasons, as mental health plays a
significant role in overall well-being and quality of life.
Some key reasons highlighting the importance of such environments:
Enhanced Productivity and Creativity:
• A positive and supportive environment fosters creativity and productivity. When individuals feel mentally well, they are more
likely to approach tasks with a clear mind, leading to better problem-solving and innovative thinking.
Reduced Stress and Anxiety:
• Stressful environments can contribute to the development of anxiety and other mental health issues. Creating spaces that
prioritize mental well-being helps to reduce stress levels, promoting a healthier state of mind.
Improved Physical Health:
• Mental and physical health are interconnected. Chronic stress and mental health issues can contribute to physical health
problems. Environments that support mental well-being contribute to overall health and can reduce the risk of various physical
ailments.
Positive Relationships:
• Healthy environments promote positive relationships. Positive social interactions and supportive connections with others are
essential for mental well-being. Encouraging a sense of community and belonging can contribute to emotional resilience.
Better Cognitive Function:
• Mental well-being is closely linked to cognitive function. Environments that prioritize mental health can enhance cognitive
abilities, including memory, concentration, and decision-making.

Mental Well-being

Mental Well-being
Increased Employee Satisfaction and Retention:
• In workplace settings, creating a positive and mentally healthy environment can lead to higher job satisfaction
and employee retention. It can also improve morale and team dynamics.
Educational Success:
• In educational settings, creating supportive environments positively impacts students' mental health, leading to
improved learning outcomes. Students are more likely to thrive academically in environments that prioritize
their well-being.
Reduced Stigma:
• Creating environments that promote mental well-being helps reduce the stigma associated with mental health
issues. This encourages open conversations about mental health and seeking help when needed.
Resilience and Coping Skills:
• A mentally supportive environment helps individuals develop resilience and coping skills. When faced with
challenges, individuals are better equipped to navigate and overcome difficulties, contributing to long-term
mental well-being.
Social and Economic Benefits:
• Societies that prioritize mental well-being tend to experience social and economic benefits. Healthier
individuals contribute more effectively to their communities and workplaces, leading to overall societal
progress.

Impact of Built Environments on Mental Health
• Architecture and urban planning can significantly influence
mental well-being by shaping the physical environment in which
people live, work, and interact.
• The design of buildings and the layout of cities can impact various
aspects of individuals' mental health.

Here are some ways in which architecture and urban planning can influence mental
well-being:
1. Access to Nature:
• Incorporating green spaces, parks, and natural elements into urban design can
have positive effects on mental health. Exposure to nature has been linked to
reduced stress, improved mood, and enhanced cognitive function.
2. Lighting and Ventilation:
• Well-designed buildings with ample natural light and proper ventilation
contribute to a healthier indoor environment. Natural light helps regulate
circadian rhythms and supports a more positive mood, while fresh air
improves overall well-being.

Access to Nature, Lighting and Ventilation

3. Community Spaces:
•Designing public spaces that encourage social interaction fosters a sense of
community. Access to communal areas, such as public squares or community
centers, can reduce feelings of isolation and loneliness.
4. Walkability and Active Transportation:
• Cities designed with pedestrian-friendly infrastructure, sidewalks, and bike lanes
promote physical activity and a sense of well-being. Encouraging active
transportation options can contribute to a healthier lifestyle and reduced stress.

Community Spaces & Walkability and Active
Transportation

5. Safety and Security:
• Well-lit streets, clear sightlines, and secure public spaces contribute to a sense of
safety. A safe environment reduces anxiety and fear, positively impacting mental
health.
6. Mixed-Use Development:
• Creating mixed-use neighborhoods with a variety of amenities, including
residential, commercial, and recreational spaces, encourages a sense of community
and provides convenient access to essential services.

Safety and Security & Mixed-Use Development

7. Cultural and Recreational Facilities:
•Access to cultural and recreational facilities, such as museums, theaters, and sports
complexes, can contribute to a sense of fulfillment and enjoyment, positively
impacting mental well-being.
8. Noise Reduction:
•Designing spaces with noise reduction in mind can help minimize stress and
improve concentration. Quieter environments contribute to a more peaceful and
mentally supportive atmosphere.

Cultural and Recreational Facilities

9. Inclusive Design:
•Ensuring that the built environment is accessible and inclusive for people of all
ages and abilities promotes a sense of belonging and well-being for everyone.
10. Historical and Cultural Preservation:
•Preserving and integrating historical and cultural elements into urban planning can
contribute to a sense of identity and connection, fostering positive mental health
outcomes.

Inclusive Design, Historical and Cultural Preservation

• Thoughtful architecture and urban planning can create environments
that support mental well-being by promoting physical activity, social
interaction, safety, access to nature, and a sense of community.
Designing spaces with a holistic approach that considers the
diverse needs of the population can contribute to creating
healthier and happier communities.

The Potential Negative Impacts of Poorly Designed Spaces
On Mental Health
Poorly designed spaces can have significant negative impacts on mental health,
affecting individuals' well-being and overall quality of life. Here are some potential
negative impacts:
1. Stress and Anxiety:
• Overcrowding: Densely populated or cluttered spaces can contribute to
feelings of stress and anxiety. Lack of personal space and constant exposure to
others can be overwhelming.
• Poor Lighting: Insufficient or harsh lighting can affect mood and contribute
to feelings of unease. Dim or flickering lights may lead to eye strain and
headaches.

The Potential Negative Impacts of Poorly Designed
Spaces On Mental Health
2. Isolation and Loneliness:
• Lack of Social Spaces: Spaces that discourage social interaction or lack
communal areas can contribute to feelings of isolation and loneliness. This is
particularly relevant in residential areas and workplaces.
• Poorly Designed Public Spaces: Uninviting parks, sidewalks, or public areas may
discourage people from spending time outdoors and connecting with others.
3. Inadequate Privacy:
• Lack of Private Spaces: Insufficient provision for private spaces can lead to a
sense of vulnerability and discomfort. This is relevant in both residential and public
environments.

4. Noise Pollution:
• Excessive Noise: Poor acoustic design or exposure to constant noise can lead to
increased stress levels, difficulty concentrating, and disruptions in sleep patterns.
This is especially problematic in urban environments.
5. Inefficient Work Environments:
• Poorly Designed Workspaces: Offices or work environments with uncomfortable
furniture, inadequate lighting, or poor layout can contribute to decreased
productivity and increased stress among employees.

Noise Pollution & Inefficient Work Environments

6.Unhealthy Living Conditions:
• Inadequate Housing: Poorly designed and maintained homes can lead to health
issues and stress. Issues such as mold, poor ventilation, and lack of natural light can
contribute to physical and mental health problems.
7.Unsafe Environments:
• Insecure Spaces: Poorly lit or unsafe areas can contribute to feelings of fear and
anxiety. Individuals may avoid certain spaces altogether, limiting their access to
resources and opportunities.

Unhealthy Living Conditions & Unsafe Environments

8. Unpleasant Aesthetics:
• Unappealing Surroundings: A lack of aesthetic appeal in both indoor and
outdoor spaces can negatively impact mood and overall well-being. Dull,
monotonous, or uninspiring environments may contribute to a sense of
dissatisfaction.
9. Limited Access to Nature:
• Lack of Green Spaces: Insufficient access to nature or green spaces can
contribute to higher stress levels. Exposure to natural environments has been linked
to improved mental health.

Unpleasant Aesthetics & Limited Access to Nature

10. Inaccessibility:
• Lack of Accessibility: Poorly designed spaces that are not accessible to
individuals with disabilities can contribute to feelings of exclusion and
frustration.
Addressing these design-related issues is crucial for creating
environments that promote positive mental health and overall well-
being. Thoughtful and inclusive design principles can enhance the
quality of spaces and contribute to a healthier and happier community.

Architectural and Urban Design Principles that can
Contribute to Suicide Prevention in Cities
Designing cities with suicide prevention in mind involves considering the urban
environment as a whole. Here are architectural and urban design principles that can
contribute to suicide prevention in cities:
1.Accessible Public Spaces:
1. Create open and accessible public spaces that encourage social interaction and
community engagement. Well-designed public spaces can foster a sense of
belonging and reduce isolation

2.Walkable and Bike-Friendly Infrastructure:
• Design pedestrian-friendly and bike-friendly infrastructure, promoting
physical activity and enhancing the overall well-being of residents. Safe
and inviting streetscapes can contribute to a positive urban experience.

3. Integration of Nature in Urban Spaces:
• Incorporate green spaces, parks, and urban forests within the
cityscape. Access to nature has been linked to improved mental health,
and integrating natural elements into urban design can provide respite
from the built environment.

4. Street Lighting and Safety:
• Ensure well-lit streets and public spaces to enhance safety and reduce
the risk of crime. Adequate lighting can contribute to creating secure
environments, especially during nighttime.

5. Safe and Comfortable Spaces:
• Design spaces with an emphasis on safety and comfort. Use materials
that are non-threatening and easy to maintain. Avoid elements that can
be easily repurposed for self-harm.

7. Design for Social Interaction:
• Promote social interaction by designing spaces that encourage people to gather and
connect. Consider outdoor seating, communal areas, and cultural hubs that bring
people together.

8. Crisis Intervention Hotspots:
• Identify and address potential hotspots for suicide by implementing measures like
safety barriers on bridges, crisis hotline signage, and regular surveillance.
Collaboration with mental health organizations is crucial for effective intervention
strategies.

9. Urban Regeneration and Community Development:
• Support urban regeneration projects that focus on improving the quality of life in
disadvantaged neighborhoods. Community development initiatives can strengthen
social ties and address underlying issues contributing to mental health challenges.

10. Mixed-Use Development:
• Encourage mixed-use development that combines residential,
commercial, and recreational spaces. This approach can create vibrant
neighborhoods that offer a variety of services and amenities, reducing
the need for residents to travel long distances.

11. Public Art and Cultural Expression:
• Integrate public art and cultural expressions into the urban fabric.
Artistic elements can contribute to a positive atmosphere, encourage
creativity, and serve as focal points for community identity.

12. Accessible Mental Health Services:
• Ensure accessibility to mental health services by strategically locating clinics and
counseling centers within the city. Integration with existing healthcare facilities can
make mental health resources more readily available.

13. Wayfinding and Signage:
• Implement clear wayfinding systems and signage to guide individuals to mental
health resources and crisis intervention services. Visual communication can play a
vital role in connecting people with the help they need.

14. Engagement with Local Communities:
• Involve local communities in the design process. Engaging residents in decision-
making fosters a sense of ownership, encourages social responsibility, and ensures
that the design meets the specific needs of the community.

suicide prevention in cities is a multidisciplinary effort, involving
collaboration between urban planners, architects, mental health
professionals, policymakers, and community members.
Comprehensive strategies that address social, economic, and
environmental factors can contribute to creating cities that support
mental health and well-being.

Healing Architecture
• The concept of “healing architecture” refers to the power of the built
environment to influence a patient’s health and psychological well-being.
• Bright rooms, natural light, large windows, local plant life, and outside
vistas might help patients recuperate more quickly by providing them
with a psychological and physical boost. Both healing and wellbeing
can be rooted in architecture.
• The structures of our everyday life immediately impact our experience,
whether they are moderating and minimizing disease spread or simply
offering a calm area for comfort. Spaces are developed in emergency
architecture to solve concerns of health and shelter.

• Architects have expanded their attention on mental, physical, and
spiritual wellbeing as they continue to rethink solutions for homes and
fundamental human requirements.
• Therapeutic architecture may also be defined as a people-
centered, evidence-based built environment field that seeks to find
and develop strategies to include those spatial components into the
design that interact with people physically and psychologically.

Architect’s Role: To Create Trauma-Informed Design
• The purpose of trauma-informed design is to create physical settings that
promote safety, well-being, and healing by incorporating the concepts of
trauma-informed care into the design. This necessitates an understanding
of how the physical environment influences identity, value, and dignity, as
well as how it encourages empowerment. Safety, choice, cooperation,
trustworthiness, and empowerment are the Five Guiding Principles of
Trauma-Informed design.
• Healing from these traumas is a process that needs a significant amount of
work on the part of both the individual and everything and everyone around
him/her. Victims of trauma are frequently urged to spend more time outside,
embracing nature’s therapeutic effects. But what about the inside? Given
that individuals currently spend about 90% of their time indoors, it is only
logical that these environments aid in the healing process.

Case Studies
• Real-world Examples Of Cities Or Buildings That Have Integrated
Suicide Prevention Principles
The High Line in New York City
• The High Line is a unique and innovative urban park located in New
York City. It is built on a historic elevated freight rail line on
Manhattan's West Side. The park spans approximately 1.45 miles (2.33
kilometers) and runs from Gansevoort Street in the Meatpacking
District to 34th Street, between 10th and 12th Avenues.

Key features of the High Line include:
1.Adaptive Reuse: The High Line is a prime example of adaptive reuse, as it
transformed an old and disused elevated railway into a green public space.
2.Landscaping: The park is known for its beautifully landscaped gardens,
featuring a mix of native plants, perennials, grasses, and trees. The
landscaping was designed to reflect the self-seeded landscape that grew on
the disused tracks during the decades before the park's construction.
3.Art Installations: The High Line regularly features temporary and
permanent art installations, adding an element of creativity and cultural
richness to the park.
4.Public Art and Performances: The park hosts various public art
installations and performances, contributing to its vibrant and dynamic
atmosphere.

5. Views of the City: The High Line offers unique perspectives of the
cityscape, providing views of the Hudson River, the Meatpacking
District, Chelsea, and the iconic architecture of Manhattan.
6. Seating Areas: There are numerous seating areas, including benches,
sundecks, and gathering spaces, allowing visitors to relax and enjoy the
surroundings.
7. Food and Drink: The park is home to various food vendors and
kiosks, offering a variety of culinary options for visitors.
8.Community Events: The High Line Foundation organizes
community events, educational programs, and activities that engage
both locals and tourists.

• The High Line has become a popular destination for both residents
and visitors, attracting millions of people each year. It not only
serves as a green oasis in the midst of urban development but also
stands as a testament to the possibilities of repurposing existing
infrastructure for the benefit of the community.

"Happiness Tram" in Melbourne, Australia
• Melbourne is known for its extensive tram network, and the city often
introduces various themed or art trams as part of public art projects.
These trams might feature vibrant designs or artwork to enhance the
cultural and artistic atmosphere of the city.
• The concept of a "Happiness Tram" is one such initiative aimed at
bringing joy to passengers through positive and uplifting designs.

"Happiness Tram" in Melbourne, Australia

Satori Harbor
• In November 2020, Wutopia Lab built the Satori Harbor, a culturally
significant library inside VIP shop’s new headquarters in Guangzhou,
China.
• The word “Satori” was inspired by a notion from Master Zhuangzi’s
ancient Chinese literature, which depicts a level of transcendence in
Taoist practices when the dawn light beams across the entire planet.
The architect imagined the library to be a microcosm of our earthly
world-an abstract harbor city.
• The design sought to bring viewers on a spiritual reading trip in which
they would encounter moments of enlightenment and deliverance.
Satori Harbor represents a moral setting for life practice.

Tongling Recluse, China
• The design aims to excite tea drinkers’ desire to feel disconnected from the
outside world, increasing the spatial experience of the tea room. The design
developed a conversation between the inside and outdoor spaces.
• Traditional folding roofs and detachable streamlined space were
combined, harmonizing with Chinese culture’s cosmology “The Dao
(Way) generates One (World), One produces Two (Yin-Yang)” From a
bird’s eye view, the entire roof was covered with grey tiles, forming a
distinctive shape that was not only spectacular, but also a confluence of
the existing historic hamlet.
• This was the first time the interior and outdoor spaces mirrored each other.

Alzheimer’s Villa
• NORD Architects has designed several dementia villages, including France’s first
dementia care facility, the Alzheimer’s Village in Dax.
• NORD Architects considered individual residents, health care workers, and
local culture and nature, so that everyone, from family to academics, will see
individuals including those with dementia living in a dignified aging
environment. A recognizable environment, devoid of alienating or obstructive
features, is required for living a meaningful life.
• Alzheimer’s Village has incorporated familiar services within the complex, such
as a grocer’s, a hairdresser’s, a restaurant, and a market square, that are evocative
of the inhabitants’ past life in their neighborhoods, interactions with others, and
leisure activities. When it comes to integrating the Alzheimer’s Village into the
local environment and strengthening the feeling of continuity and cohesiveness
across diverse life patterns, everyday ties between generations, institutions, and
the town are critical.

Suicide Prevention Through Design
• Suicide prevention through design is an approach that focuses on
creating environments, products, and systems that contribute to
mental well-being and deter suicidal thoughts or behaviors.
• This concept recognizes the significant impact that the physical and
social environment can have on an individual's mental health, and
aims to design spaces and structures that promote a sense of safety,
connection, and support.

some key elements and considerations in suicide prevention through
design:
Safe Architecture and Infrastructure:
1.Design buildings and structures with features that discourage
access to potentially dangerous areas.
2.Install barriers, fences, or safety nets in high-risk locations to
3.Implement safety measures in public spaces, bridges, and other
structures known for high suicide rates.

Safe Architecture and Infrastructure

Therapeutic and Healing Spaces:
• Create environments that prioritize natural light, green spaces, and
access to nature, which are known to have positive effects on mental
health.
• Incorporate calming elements such as water features, artwork, and
soothing colors to create a peaceful atmosphere.
• Design spaces that facilitate relaxation, meditation, and mindfulness,
promoting mental well-being

Community Connectivity:
•Foster a sense of community by designing public spaces that encourage
social interaction and connection.
•Develop spaces where people can gather, engage in activities, and build
supportive relationships.
•Promote inclusivity and diversity in design to ensure that all members
of the community feel welcome and valued.

Mental Health Awareness:
• Integrate messaging and signage that raises awareness about mental
health, available support services, and helplines.
• Design spaces that destigmatize mental health issues and encourage
open conversations about well-being.

User-Focused Design:
• Involve individuals with lived experience of mental health challenges in the design
process to ensure their perspectives are considered.
• Conduct research to understand the specific needs and preferences of the target
population in order to tailor design solutions accordingly.

Surveillance and Intervention:
•Implement surveillance systems in strategic locations to monitor for unusual
behavior and allow for timely intervention.
•Train staff or community members in recognizing signs of distress and providing
appropriate support.

Access to Mental Health Resources:
• Incorporate information and access points for mental health resources within
public spaces.
• Ensure that crisis intervention services are readily available and easily
accessible.
Suicide prevention through design is a multi-faceted and interdisciplinary
approach that requires collaboration between architects, urban planners, mental
health professionals, and community members. By incorporating these principles
into the design process, it is possible to create environments that contribute
positively to mental well-being and help reduce the risk of suicide.

Incorporate Information And Access Points For Mental
Health Resources Within Public Spaces

• Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) is a
concept that focuses on designing and organizing the built
environment to enhance the quality of life and reduce the
opportunities for crime.
• While traditionally applied to address general crime concerns, the
principles of CPTED can also be extended to address safety concerns
related to suicide prevention in city planning

Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design
(CPTED)

Potentials of CPTED principles for suicide prevention:
1.Natural Surveillance:
1. Objective: Increase visibility to deter potential suicidal behavior.
2. Implementation: Design public spaces with clear sightlines, avoiding blind spots. Install
lighting to enhance visibility during the night. Promote the use of open, well-maintained
spaces that discourage hidden or secluded areas.
2.Territorial Reinforcement:
1. Objective: Foster a sense of ownership and community.
2. Implementation: Encourage community involvement in the design and maintenance of
public spaces. Use signage and landscaping to define boundaries between public and private
spaces, promoting a sense of ownership that discourages potential suicidal behavior.

3. Natural Access Control:
1. Objective: Regulate access to certain areas to reduce the risk of suicide attempts.
2. Implementation: Control access points to bridges, tall buildings, or other structures where
suicide attempts may occur. Use physical barriers or controlled entry points, such as locked gates
or doors with access restricted to authorized personnel.
4. Maintenance and Management:
1. Objective: Create an environment that is well-maintained and actively managed to discourage
potential suicidal behavior.
2. Implementation: Regularly maintain and repair structures and landscapes. Implement
community programs to keep public spaces clean and inviting. Active management discourages a
sense of neglect that may contribute to suicidal thoughts.

5. Incorporate Green Spaces:
1. Objective: Enhance mental well-being and provide alternative outlets for
individuals facing mental health challenges.
2. Implementation: Integrate parks, gardens, and other green spaces into the urban
environment. Nature has been shown to have positive effects on mental health,
providing individuals with peaceful and calming environments.
6. Collaboration with Mental Health Professionals:
1. Objective: Integrate mental health expertise into city planning.
2. Implementation: Work collaboratively with mental health professionals to
design spaces that promote mental well-being. Ensure that suicide prevention
strategies are integrated into urban planning policies and initiatives.

Collaboration with Mental Health Professionals

7. Public Awareness and Education:
1. Objective: Raise awareness about mental health and suicide prevention.
2. Implementation: Use public spaces for informational campaigns and awareness
programs. Promote mental health resources and helpline numbers in strategic locations.
Educate the community about recognizing signs of distress and how to seek help.
8. Supportive Infrastructure:
1. Objective: Ensure that the urban infrastructure supports mental health services and
facilities.
2. Implementation: Integrate mental health clinics, counseling centers, and support
services into the urban fabric. Ensure easy access to these facilities to provide timely
assistance to individuals in need.

Raise Awareness About Mental Health And Suicide
Prevention

Ensure that the urban infrastructure supports
mental health services and facilities.

• By incorporating these principles, city planners can create
environments that are not only aesthetically pleasing but also
contribute to the well-being and safety of the community, addressing
the concerns related to suicide prevention in urban settings.
• It's essential to collaborate with mental health professionals,
community stakeholders, and local authorities to implement
comprehensive strategies that promote mental health and reduce the
risk of suicide.

Collaboration and Implementation
• Suicide prevention through design involves incorporating principles
and strategies into the built environment to reduce the risk of suicide.
Collaboration is key to successfully implementing these principles, as
it requires input from various stakeholders, including architects,
designers, mental health professionals, policymakers, and community
members

Conclusion
• Architecture and city planning have a profound impact on the
well-being of individuals, and their role in suicide prevention and
mental health promotion cannot be overstated.
• By intentionally designing spaces that prioritize mental health, we can
create environments that foster a sense of belonging, safety, and
connection, ultimately contributing to a reduction in suicide rates and
improved overall mental well-being.

Conclusion
• By recognizing the influential role of architecture and city planning
in shaping our daily lives, we can actively work towards creating
environments that prioritize mental health, foster community
connections, and contribute to the prevention of suicide.
• This holistic approach emphasizes the importance of designing spaces
that support the mental well-being of all individuals, ultimately
creating healthier and more resilient communities.

Resources and Helpline Information
• Suicide Prevention India Foundation (SPIF)
• Founded in September 2017, Suicide Prevention India Foundation (SPIF), is a
Section-8 not-for-profit, that was incubated at IIM-Bangalore. SPIF believes that
suicide is the most preventable form of death and that suicidal behavior is
understandable as a universal psychological, biological, social, spiritual and
cultural phenomenon.
• At the core of SPIF’s approach to suicide prevention is a WHO-recommended
suicide prevention strategy called the Gatekeeper training. For which, it has a tie-
up with QPR Institute, the world leader in suicide prevention training.

QPR Institute India
• It is an Indian arm of QPR Institute US that was founded by Dr
Paul Quinnett in the year 1999. Dr Quinnett a clinical psychologist
and a recognized expert in the field of suicide prevention, established
the institute to provide training and resources to empower individuals
and communities to prevent suicide.

Name Number Timings Purpose
1 Life 7893078930 24/7
A helpline specifically for individuals with suicidal tendencies
Suicide prevention
Aasra 9820466726 24/7
Primarily a crisis helpline (suicide prevention) but will listen no
matter what the problem
Actions We Empower
(AWE) 918800335603
Monday - Friday: 10am -
4pm
Saturday: 10am - 12.30pm
AWE is a free and confidential support center for people facing any
form of abuse or distress. Please refer cases of domestic violence here
Arise 9013262626 Mon-Sun: 9am - 6pm
Free telephonic counselling for LGBTQ+ community. Languages:
English, Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, Kannada
Connecting India 1800-209-4353/ 9922001122 12pm-8pm
A listening service there for individuals to talk about their feelings,
emotional distress or thoughts of suicide.
Suicide prevention
Cooj 8322252525 Mon-Fri: 3pm-7pm
A listening service specifically for individuals feeling extremely
distressed and suicidal
Fortis Mental Health 8376804102 24/7
Primarily for students/ parents to talk about mental issues as well as
academic/ stress-related issues. Can also handle crises.
Hope Helpline 0724 433 3666/ 0744-2414141 24/7
A GPS-enabled helpline specifically for students in coaching institutes
to help relieve stress and decrease the number of suicides
Suicide prevention
IACP helpline 8047192224 9am - 9pm
Provides COVID related psychological support and suicide
prevention
iCALL 9152987821, 022-25221111 Mon-Sat: 8am - 10pm Telephonic and email counselling
Kaan Pete Roi
(Bangladesh)
GP: 01779554391/ 01779554392
Airtel: 01688709965/
01688709966

Sahodari 7639741916 Transgender community
Samaritans 8422984528/ 8422984529
Mon-Fri: 3pm-9pm, Sat-Sun:
10am-9pm
A helpline that provides support for those who are stressed, depressed, distressed
or suicidal.
Suicide prevention
SNEHA 9833052684 Domestic abuse
Sneha India 044-24640050 24/7 Offers emotional support to individuals feeling distressed, depressed or suicidal
Snehi 91-9582208181 10am-10pm Telephonic counselling to children, adolescents and families
Sumaitri 011-23389090
Mon-Fri: 2pm-10pm, Sat-Sun:
10am-10pm
Crisis intervention helpline that provides support for depression/low mood
related problems.
Suicide prevention
Sumunum 1800-123-786868 11am - 11pm
A telephonic support line - free, centralised toll free, multi-lingual, emotional
health and wellbeing service
Swaasthi 9152987824 Mon-Sat: 10am-6pm
Specifically for frontline workers, healthcare and mental health professionals.
Languages available: English and Hindi (Marathi, Kannada, Malyalam and
Bengali available on request)
Tamil Nadu State Helpline
Number 104
Vaastav Foundation 0888 2498 498 Domestic abuse (male)
Vandrevalla Foundation 919999666555 24/7 Telephonic counselling for any issues
Xomonnoy 9678717374 24/7 LGBTQ+
Ya'all 6009032883
Support for queer individuals from the North East that are dealing with food and
ration shortages due to the lockdown

KIRAN - DEPwD helpline 1800-599-0019 24/7 Crisis - Suicide prevention
Lifeline Foundation 033-24637401/7432 Mon-Sun: 10am-7pm
Provide emotional support for those in need, especially depressed, distressed and
suicidal individuals.
Suicide prevention
Maithri 91 484 2342703 Mon-Sun: 10am-7pm A service specifically for the lonely, depressed or suicidal
Mitram Foundation
080 2572 2573
9019708133 All days: 10am-2pm Offers emotional support to individuals feeling stressed, depressed or suicidal
Mpower 1800-120-820050 24/7
My Choice Foundation 9333404141 24/7 Domestic abuse
National Domestic Abuse
Helpline 181 / 1091 / 1291 Domestic abuse
NIMHANS 080-46110007 24/7 Crisis
Orinam 98415 57983
Provides mental health support for the LGBTQ+ community. Languages: English,
Tamil and Telugu
Parivarthan 7676602602 Mon-Fri: 1pm - 10pm Provides counselling and referrals
Pratheeksha 048-42448830
Queerhythm 9745545559
Offers counselling to people from the LGBTQ+ community in English,
Malayalam and Tamil.
Sahaay 1800-2000-113 24/7 LGBTQ+
Sahai 080-25497777 Mon-Sat: 10am-8pm
Confidential service that listens and provides support/referrals to help you cope
with all sorts of distressing situations

Chat Based Counselling service
Organization Purpose Website Contact info
7 cups 24x7 free online counselling service https://www.7cups.com/
Alt. Story individual and organizational well-being services, Group therapy http://alternativestory.in/ 917428292922
Arpan Online Counseling/ Telephone http://www.arpanelearn.com/ 9867767000, 22 26862444 / 26868444
BetterLyf Online Counselling Therapy Services provides one of the best Workshops and Programs. https://www.betterlyf.com/
HealtEminds Online counseling for individuals and organizations https://www.healtheminds.com/ info@healtheminds.com
iCall Provides free and professional counseling via telephone, email and chat http://icallhelpline.org/
It's Ok to talk Platform for people to share their stories to break the taboo surrounding mental health issues http://itsoktotalk.in/
Kaha Mind
Online counselling platform for individuals and organisations, and we will be there for you every step
of the way. https://www.kahamind.com/
hello@kahamind.com / +91 74831
83313
Living in Wellbeing Host of services online and offline mail@livinginwellbeing.org
LonepackBuddy Text based peer support system with trained volunteers https://lonepack.org/app/home
Manastha Online counseling support https://www.manastha.com/
My fit brain Online Counselign https://myfitbrain.in/counselling-services-india
Now and Me Platform for individuals to talk about their feelings without being judged https://nowandme.com/
Online Counseling 4 U Online counseling services text based https://www.onlinecounselling4u.com/select-an-expert.php info@onlinecounselling4u.com
The Shrinking Couch Accesibility of Mental Health Services http://theshrinkingcouch.com/ writein@theshrinkingcouch.com
Therapeer Text based peer support https://www.therapeer.app/
TickTalkTo Online counseling service: text based https://ticktalkto.com/
Your Dost Online Counseling services www.yourdost.com
Wysa Online Counseling services https://www.wysa.io/

Case Study
After Spring-loaded Fans, Kota Hostels Use Nets to Make Balconies and
Lobbies 'Suicide Proof'
• After spring-loaded fans in rooms, “anti-suicide nets” are now being installed in
balconies and lobbies of hostels in coaching hub Kota to prevent students from taking any
extreme step. Hostel owners said such steps to make their premises “suicide proof”
are crucial to avoid tragic incidents.
• Over two lakh students move to Kota annually to prepare for competitive exams such as
the Joint Entrance Exam (JEE) for engineering and the National Eligibility-cum-Entrance
Test (NEET) for admission to medical colleges. According to authorities, 20 students
preparing for competitive exams in Kota ended their lives so far in 2023 – the
highest for any year. Last year, the figure was 15.
• “We have installed huge nets in all lobbies and balconies to block students in case they
jump from higher floors. These nets can hold weight up to 150 kg and also ensure that
students do not get injured,” said Vinod Gautam, owner of Vishalakshi Residency, a girls’
hostel with over 200 rooms spread across eight floors.
• He hoped spring coils in fans and these nets will help prevent any untoward incident.

Suicide Prevention through Architecture (Building) and City Planning
After Spring-loaded Fans, Kota Hostels Use Nets to Make Balconies and Lobbies 'Suicide
Proof'

References
Books:
1."The Architecture of Happiness" by Alain de Botton:
1. This book explores the relationship between architecture and human emotions,
including how design choices can affect our well-being.
2."Happy City: Transforming Our Lives Through Urban Design" by Charles
Montgomery:
1. Montgomery's book delves into urban design and its effects on human happiness,
covering aspects of mental health and community well-being.
3."Healing Spaces: The Science of Place and Well-Being" by Esther M. Sternberg:
1. While not exclusively focused on suicide prevention, this book examines how the
physical environment can influence health and well-being.

References
Websites and Organizations:
1.The Center for Health Design:
1. https://www.healthdesign.org/
2. The Center for Health Design provides resources, research, and educational
opportunities related to the impact of design on healthcare environments.
2.American Institute of Architects (AIA):
1. https://www.aia.org/
2. AIA offers resources on designing for mental health, including articles and
publications.
3.Design and Health:
1. https://www.designandhealth.com/
2. This website focuses on research and information about the relationship between
design and health

“Millions Saw The Apple Fall But Newton Asked Why”
A Simple intervention of installing safety nets & Helplines can save many lives at
such suicide hotspots!
Suicide Prevention through Architecture (Building) and City Planning

Suicide Prevention through Architecture (Building) and City Planning

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