The document discusses the importance of premarital screening or testing before marriage. It explains that premarital screening involves testing prospective spouses for infectious diseases, genetic disorders, and compatibility to help ensure a healthy marriage and family. Compatibility is assessed through both traditional Indian kundli matching of astrological charts as well as modern medical testing. While kundli matching provides useful information, medical screening can detect diseases and identify health risks that could impact a couple's well-being and ability to have children. The document recommends couples undergo premarital screening through blood tests, physical exams, and counseling to aid in informed decision making.
How to get Pregnant Faster – 7 Tips to Conceive QuicklyAvril Benton
How to get pregnant faster when you are in your late 30's or over 40 ? Find these 7 tips to conceive quickly and naturally even if you are not getting younger anymore.
In this ppt, surrogacy is defiend and its types on the basis of method and another types on the basis of money and their differences as well. Regulation bill 2016 and its features has been also discussed.
How to get Pregnant Faster – 7 Tips to Conceive QuicklyAvril Benton
How to get pregnant faster when you are in your late 30's or over 40 ? Find these 7 tips to conceive quickly and naturally even if you are not getting younger anymore.
In this ppt, surrogacy is defiend and its types on the basis of method and another types on the basis of money and their differences as well. Regulation bill 2016 and its features has been also discussed.
Immediate post-partum insertion of IUDs appeared safe and effective. Advantages being high motivation, assurance that the woman is not pregnant, convenience and few contraindications to the method. Expulsion rates appear to be higher than with interval insertion but continuation rate in term of numbers is encouraging.The popularity of immediate post-partum IUD insertion in countries like China, Mexico, and Egypt supports the feasibility of this approach in our country. Failure to follow up is distressing. Early follow-up may be important in identifying complications and improve compliance.
A presentation created and delivered by me in the weekly meeting of our unit in the orthopedic surgery department in National Ribat Teaching Hospital (Khartoum, Sudan) on the 12th of June 2018. It is composed of the following parts:
- Why should I care?
- Basic Background.
- Novices vs Experts.
- Effectiveness and Efficiency.
- Knowledge acquisition and organization.
- Compare and Contrast Thinking (CCT)
- Illness Scripts.
- Reading to create strong illness scripts.
- Clinical Problem Solving Strategies.
- Problem Representation.
- Establishing and prioritizing a differential diagnosis.
Abortion in India by Medha Gandhi
National Consultation on ‘Expanding Access and Using the Law to Ensure Sexual and Reproductive Health Rights’ was held in December’ 2015. The consultation brought together experts, activists, lawyers, health workers and students from all corners in the country, in building the understanding on the issues and the emerging challenges.
Human Rights Law Network
http://hrln.org
BBN - Breaking Bad News is difficult task for Junior doctors in India as it was not in the Curriculum unlike Western countries. So this slide will give you the Facts / Methods with Description of one method & Key points.
MASTURBATION ,SINCE AGES HAS BEEN PRACTICES WITH ALL SOCIAL TABOOS & MYTH. GETTING RID OF MYTH IT IS NEEDED TO UNDERSTAND THE FACTS ABOUT MASTURBATION IN A MEDICALLY PROCLAIMED WAY.
Immediate post-partum insertion of IUDs appeared safe and effective. Advantages being high motivation, assurance that the woman is not pregnant, convenience and few contraindications to the method. Expulsion rates appear to be higher than with interval insertion but continuation rate in term of numbers is encouraging.The popularity of immediate post-partum IUD insertion in countries like China, Mexico, and Egypt supports the feasibility of this approach in our country. Failure to follow up is distressing. Early follow-up may be important in identifying complications and improve compliance.
A presentation created and delivered by me in the weekly meeting of our unit in the orthopedic surgery department in National Ribat Teaching Hospital (Khartoum, Sudan) on the 12th of June 2018. It is composed of the following parts:
- Why should I care?
- Basic Background.
- Novices vs Experts.
- Effectiveness and Efficiency.
- Knowledge acquisition and organization.
- Compare and Contrast Thinking (CCT)
- Illness Scripts.
- Reading to create strong illness scripts.
- Clinical Problem Solving Strategies.
- Problem Representation.
- Establishing and prioritizing a differential diagnosis.
Abortion in India by Medha Gandhi
National Consultation on ‘Expanding Access and Using the Law to Ensure Sexual and Reproductive Health Rights’ was held in December’ 2015. The consultation brought together experts, activists, lawyers, health workers and students from all corners in the country, in building the understanding on the issues and the emerging challenges.
Human Rights Law Network
http://hrln.org
BBN - Breaking Bad News is difficult task for Junior doctors in India as it was not in the Curriculum unlike Western countries. So this slide will give you the Facts / Methods with Description of one method & Key points.
MASTURBATION ,SINCE AGES HAS BEEN PRACTICES WITH ALL SOCIAL TABOOS & MYTH. GETTING RID OF MYTH IT IS NEEDED TO UNDERSTAND THE FACTS ABOUT MASTURBATION IN A MEDICALLY PROCLAIMED WAY.
This ppt will help students who are want to have a detailed idea about marriage counselling or couple counselling. This ppt is developed for the purpose of achieving curriculum objectives for post graduate students.
Often when couples fight, it will be more or less about money, sex, kids, in-laws, or housework. If you are not having any fights, then there could be something wrong with your relationship. If you want to be happy, always think about how to improve communication with your spouse. I am happily married for seven years, and below are the Do’s and Don’ts to be followed in any relationship.
If you want to be happy, always think about how you can improve communication with a spouse. Follow these Do's and Dont's to improve your relationship.
COUN 603Case Study InstructionsAbout 15 of premarital couples.docxfaithxdunce63732
COUN 603
Case Study Instructions
About 15% of premarital couples report as “Conflicted” couples. The goal of this assignment is to evaluate the provided case study on a “Conflicted” couple and to submit a clinical analysis to support this couple. This will require addressing 3 main areas: (1) identifying the key strengths and weaknesses between the couple, (2) discussing how the couple’s personalities might be influencing the situation, (3) developing a strategy to counsel, and potentially support, the couple.
Your paper must be 9–12 pages (not including title page and references) and must include at least 1 research-based approach from 8 scholarly sources. You must utilize course materials, research and the Bible. This amounts to about 3 pages per section. Your paper must also include section headings clearly identifying the 3 required areas of concern outlined below.
Identify Key Areas (strengths and weaknesses)—This section must explore the overall case study and must clearly identify the problems at hand. Do not simply label the issues; explore the implications of the identified problems and how they might contribute to the overall conflicted relationship of the couple. Remember to review the couple’s background and other factors that may contribute to conflict. The case study contains significant data. Be sure to explore it thoroughly. Understanding this will provide the platform on which to counsel the couple. A subsection of this area must be focused on identifying the couple strengths.
Personalities—This section must explore the 5 dimensions of the SCOPE personality assessment section and must discuss how these results could contribute to the conflict as well as the recovery of the relationship.
Action Plan—This section must outline a realistic approach to counseling to the couple, utilizing clinically-based resources. This must be based upon your actual resources. This is an opportunity for you to do some research in your area and see what others are doing for couples.
This section must address how you would counsel the couple. Be specific to your overall strategy for addressing the previously identified issues. It must also address how local resources may be utilized to support the couple’s development. Remember, this must be realistic. You must not say that you are going to have the couple meet with you twice a week, read 2 books, take a class on finances, and join a support group. Even the most dedicated couple could not follow a regiment like that. The detail in this section must focus on your counseling strategy, supplemented by local resources, not just a note that you would refer the couple to a professional counselor (although that may be the case). Another important aspect of this section is to make sure you justify your approaches by utilizing the information you have been given. Your goal is not to keep them busy with work but to diminish their weaknesses in a realistic manner.
The Case Study: Draft is due by 11:59 p.m..
Complete Guide on expectations in a relationship for couples!.pdfhttps://akreviews.in/
What are expectations in a relationship?
Some people think it’s best not to expect anything from your partner, but expectations may help you cultivate healthy relationships. If you want to form a well-rounded partnership, you may want to balance high expectations with unreasonable expectations. Expectations may look like rules to make sure partners are contributing to the relationship.
The expectations in a relationship. We can set a baseline for treatment. It’s nice to expect our partners to support us and love us. Our partner doesn’t have to be a mind reader. It's hard to manage expectations. You don’t know what’s asking too much and what’s not enough. A couple with love, care, affection, and loyalty but don’t expect a sun-filled relationship with no conflict is what a couple should expect. It is important that you don’t expect your partner to be everything to you.
There is one thing for certain relationships, and that is discussing expectations. Similar to all parts of a relationship, we must discuss expectations. Discuss what you expect from the other person, and what expectations you have for one another, with your partner, and then review these regularly. Bad things will happen if you think you are going to fail. If you want to be successful, decide what you expect, set them and try to be reasonable.
You cannot expect your partner to change who he or she is. This is a very common problem in relationships. It’s important to set up expectations in several areas before the fear of not being met overwhelms the relationship. Communication is important in a loving relationship.
Different expectations for different things.
In a relationship, each partner brings something valuable to the table, and each contributes uniquely that benefits the relationship. It might not be as clear-cut as you think. Some of you might have different expectations for this new relationship. What are your expectations for the future? A healthy relationship can be created by being realistic about our expectations and being open about any challenges we face.
Communicate your expectations in a relationship.
When we have been together for many years, it’s not realistic to think our partner knows everything. As an individual, think about how you have changed over time, as well as how you might change in the future. Consider the history of the relationship and how expectations may change with transitions. Communication around expectations is important during transitions, such as becoming engaged, married, having children, and even during large moves and career changes. It is possible to maintain a sense of stability when there are clear expectations.
Lack of communication about expectations may lead to disconnection in which one partner may feel too much is being demanded of them, or that their partner is not present and supportive of them.
To build, live, and experience relationships in the middle path
means releasing illusions of control, and living in harmony
with the natural energy flux of back and forth experienced in
all relationships.
Developing strong Interpersonal Relationships in Young Adolescent is one of the vital fact that determines teenager's quality of life. The relationship teenagers have with their parents is of utmost importance as it influences all areas of social development. So how these skills can be developed and why these skills are important, these are the areas that Psychologist & Marriage Counselor Shivani Misri Sadhoo has shared in the study.
Suicide Prevention through Architecture (Building) and City PlanningGAURAV. H .TANDON
Suicide Prevention through Architecture (Building) and City Planning
Accessing The Potentials Of CPTED Principles In Addressing Safety Concerns Of Suicide Prevention In City Planning
Suicide Prevention through Architecture (Building) and City PlanningGAURAV. H .TANDON
Suicide Prevention through Architecture (Building) and City Planning
Accessing The Potentials Of CPTED Principles In Addressing Safety Concerns Of Suicide Prevention In City Planning
Digital Detoxing in Smart Cities.
Digital Detox for Sustainability: Unplugging/Redesigning technologies of Smart Cities for a Sustainable Future
“How a small Village in Maharashtra, India teaching importance of Digital detoxing to Mega Smart cities of India”
Digital Detoxing in Smart Cities
Digital Detox for Sustainability: Unplugging/Redesigning technologies of Smart Cities for a Sustainable Future
“How a small Village in Maharashtra, India teaching importance of Digital detoxing to Mega Smart cities of India”
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Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
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The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
1. Premarital Screening
What it is and why it matters ?
Forget ‘Kundlis’, Get Premarital Screening
Done Before Marriage!
2. Marriage
• Marriage, also called matrimony or wedlock,
is a culturally and often legally recognized
union between people called spouses.
• Typically, it is an institution in which
interpersonal relationships, usually sexual, are
acknowledged or sanctioned.
4. Marriage
• Marriage comes with a lot of responsibilities
After marriage your life changes completely.
You can no longer be the sole decision maker
in your life.
• You need to include your partner in all the
decision making because it will affect you
both.
6. Understanding Compatibility in
Marriages
• Compatibility in a relationship means that both
partners understand and accept each other's life
philosophy and goals, as well as genuinely
enjoy being around each other without feeling
preoccupied by what they feel needs to change
within their partner.
8. Understanding Compatibility in
Marriages
• In a compatible relationship, both partners
can be very different personality wise, but
will tend to agree on several core factors that
dictate how they both want to build their lives
together.
• In a compatible, healthy relationship, both
partners will strive to meet each other's
relational needs.
10. Types of compatibility
• Emotional Compatibility
• Emotional compatibility means trust.
• It means you can lay your heart on the line and
trust that your partner will be there for you,
acknowledge your feelings and thoughts, all
while knowing that they feel just as
comfortable doing the same with you.
12. Types of compatibility
• Physical Compatibility
• If you are physically compatible with someone it
means that you click sexually.
• Feeling compatible sexually is the one factor that can
be worked on if you've found a partner who you are
compatible with otherwise.
• Being honest with your needs and encouraging your
partner to share their desires as well can improve
your physical compatibility.
14. Types of compatibility
• Monetary Compatibility
• This is a huge factor to pay attention to. If you
and your partner do not agree on a core level
when it comes to handling money, if you decide
to merge assets later on, it can lead to huge
fallouts and potentially a dissolution of the
relationship.
• While there are many philosophies out there as to
how you should best handle your money, it is
critical that you and your partner are aligned
when it comes to this topic.
16. Types of compatibility
• Future Goal Compatibility
• Future goal compatibility means that you and
your partner understand each other's perspective
when it comes to housing wants, travel plans,
career aspirations, and children.
• Future goal compatibility is one of the most
important to have in a relationship because the
majority of these goals impact the time you will
get to spend together as a couple meaning these
are topics that should be discussed at length.
18. Types of compatibility
• Life Philosophy Compatibility
• Your life philosophy is how you see the world and
interpret meaning. Life philosophy encompasses
religion, your interpretation of gratitude and love,
as well as a general sense of what it means to be a
living being.
• Connecting with your partner on this level will
allow for a deeper, more intimate relationship.
Although you can have differing world views, it's
important to appreciate and understand your
partner's.
20. Finding a Compatible Soul Mate
Kundli Matching
• Kundli Matching, most commonly known as
Horoscope Matching in Indian culture, is the
science practiced by Indians since the ancient
Vedic times.
• Everyone seeks a perfect life partner for a happy
life. Kundali matching plays an important role
in finding a suitable match or an ideal partner
for life.
• Marriage is a sacred bond and to have an
understanding and compatible partner is such a
blessing.
22. Kundli Matching
• Marriage is considered one of the most important
days in anyone’s life. Yes, we are moving at a
lightning-fast speed in the 21st century, but
before tying the knots of holy matrimony,
Kundali Milan is still the priority for our
Indian culture.
• Horoscopes of the bride and the groom are
matched to see the compatibility and the impact
of stars and other cosmic energies in their married
life.
24. Kundli Matching
• Celestial bodies like stars and planets influence
our lives in many ways, and the horoscope
matching helps us about the precautions and
remedies for a happy married life.
• It also helps to nullify or decrease the effects of
any dosh in the Kundali’s of the couple to ensure
their peaceful, healthy, and prosperous life.
Kundali matching, also known as Gun Milan,
is the study of the 36 Gunas of a person.
26. Kundli Matching
• A horoscope matching compares 8 categories
or Koots of a person and hence also referred to
as Ashtakoot Milan.
• Ashta means eight and the Koot means categories.
• These Koots have 36 Gunas that are to be
compared for calculating the compatibility
between a couple.
• The eight Koots are : Varna, Vasya, Deena,
Yoni, Maitri, Gan, Bhakoot and Nadi.
28. Kundli Matching
Varna or Jati :
• It is the first Koot holding 1 score point in the Gun
Milan according to the Kundli matching system.
• In India, the caste system is implemented according to
the Vedic mythological system.
• There are four Varnas Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya,
and Shudra per the moon sign of the individual.
Brahmin’s are the most superiors and Shudras are
the inferior ones.
• Couples should have equal Verna for maximum
compatibility or the boy’s Verna should be higher than
the Girls Verna.
29. Varna Milan: Couples should have equal Verna for
maximum compatibility or the boy’s Verna should be
higher than the Girls Verna.
30. Kundli Matching
Vashya :
• Vashya Koot is the second test for Guna Milan and
holds two points (2 Pts) .
• It signifies the ability to dominate or influence the other
partner in the relationship. It directly relates to the
control or power hold between the couple.
• It has 5 different classifications Chatushpada or the
four-legged beings, Dwipad or Nara are the two-legged
beings, Jalachars are the water beings, Vanachar are the
wild beings, and the Keets are the insects.
• To score maximum compatibility, both boy and the
girl should have a similar classification.
31. Vashya Milan : To score maximum compatibility, both
boy and the girl should have a similar classification
32. Kundli Matching
Dina :
• Dina or Tara Koot is related to the compatibility of the
birth stars or the nakshatras.
• It holds three points (3 Pts) in the Kundali matching system
and relates to the wealth, prosperity, Longevity, and health
aspects.
• The relationship between the birth stars is calculated to
predict the destiny of the couples. The 27 Nakshatras are
sub-categorized into 9 groups. Janam Tara, Sampat
Tara, Vipata Tara, Kshema Tara, Pratyari Tara,
Sadhaka Tara, Vadha Tara, Mitra Tara, and Ati-Mitra
Tara are the 9 groups. Each group is divided into 3
categories Ashwani, Magha, and Moola.
33. Dina or Tara Koot Milan: is related to the
compatibility of the birth stars or the nakshatras
34. Kundli Matching
Yoni :
• Yoni Koot governs physical and sexual compatibility
between the couple.
• It holds four points (4 Pts) in the Ashtakoot Milan and
relates to the intimacy in marital life.
• Physical compatibility in terms of satisfying the partner
and meeting the sexual expectations of the partner is all
the concern of the Yoni Koot. If the couple is not
sexually compatible, it is considered Yoni Dosh.
• Yoni Dosha is the lack of connection and intimacy in
the sex life of the couple.
35. Yoni Koot Milan:Yoni Koot governs physical
and sexual compatibility between the couple
36. Kundli Matching
Maitri :
• Maitri Koot or Graha Maitri is related to the
mutual bond of friendship between the couple. It
helps to understand the intellectual and mental
compatibility of the couple.
• It ensures to measure mutual respect, trust,
loyalty, and clear communication between the
couple by understanding their interests and likes
and dislikes.
• It holds five points (5 Pts) in the Guna Milan
and relates to the planetary relationships of the
couple.
37. Maitri Koot or Graha Maitri Milan: Maitri Koot or
Graha Maitri is related to the mutual bond of
friendship between the couple
38. Kundli Matching
Gana :
• Gana Koot holds six points (6 Pts) in the Ashtakoot
Milan and is related to the mythological division of the
Nakshatras between three sub-categories Devata,
Manushya, and Raksha.
• This is based on the temperament and the basic nature of the
person. It helps in understanding the mental character and
spiritual outlook of the pair.
• Couples belonging to the same Gana hold maximum
compatibility points.
• Gana Dosh is when the couple shares different nature and
temperament and scores minimum compatibility points. It
creates issues in the marital life by making it difficult to
adjust to the partner’s spiritual and mental outlook.
39. Gana Koot Milan: Couples belonging to the same
Gana hold maximum compatibility points.
40. Kundli Matching
Bhakoot :
• Bhakoot is the second most important category for
matching the Kundali.
• It holds seven points (7 Pts) and is related to the
financial and career-related doshas in the horoscopes.
• Boy and girl belonging to the same zodiac sign or
sharing the same planetary ruler are most compatible
with each other.
• The difference in Bhakoot brings major marital issues
which may end up in divorce between the couple.
41. Bhakoot Milan: The difference in Bhakoot brings
major marital issues which may end up in divorce
between the couple.
42. Kundli Matching
Nadi :
• This is the most important Koota, holding the maximum score of 8
points (8 Pts). Nadi has 27 Nakshatras in all, further divided into 3
sub-categories Adi, Madhya, and Antya.
• This Koota is related to the hereditary aspects of the couple. It
shows the cycle of the genetic ability of the couple to give birth
to a new life.
• Children of couples belonging to the same Nadi are more prone
to mental and health diseases.
• Too much similarity in the Nakshatras can lead to their inability to
produce a child. Nadi dosh may also result in the separation of the
couple. The couple should belong to different Nadi’s for
maximum compatibility score. Different Nadi’s reduce the risk of
any health-related issues of both the couple and their children.
43. Nadi Milan: The couple should belong to different
Nadi’s for maximum compatibility score This Koota is
related to the hereditary aspects of the couple
44. Kundli Matching
Mangal Dosha
• For marriage, Mangal dosha is given the most
importance. All those who have a Mangal dosha
in the kundli, those horoscopes are termed as
manglik.
• If this dosha is present they will not be happy
with a person who does not have a Mangal
dosha. There are several remedies according to
the Shastra siddhantas both need to have a
Mangal dosha to have a happy life.
45. Mangal Dosha : All those who have a Mangal
dosha in the kundli, those horoscopes are termed
as manglik
46. How many points should match in
kundali for Marriage
• For a happy, successful and blissful marriage, the
minimum Kundali match score should be between
18-24.
• If the score is below 18, then marriage is not advised.
If the score is above 24, it is an ideal number for a
joyous and trouble-free married life. The Guna Milan
score helps in deciding the possibility of a prosperous
married life.
48. Can marital life be difficult even after
matching horoscope?
• In Hinduism, the institution of marriage is very
auspicious.
• While there are many rituals and customs performed
for the success of a couple’s marriage but the most
important among them is kundli milan aka matching
of horoscopes.
• But is the matching of horoscopes enough to ensure the
success of marriage?
• Many people argue that in ancient times marriages were
even successful when horoscopes were not matched.
49. Can marital life be difficult even after
matching horoscope?
• But despite matching of horoscopes, it is often
seems that the health of a couple’s marriage
deteriorates, causing much unhappiness and
obstacles.
50. But is the matching of horoscopes enough to
ensure the success of marriage?
• Ram Sita : A perfect 36 score kundli match
still lead an unsuccessful married life.
• Astrology is just probability, it never gives an
accurate answer.
• Shree Ram and Mata Sita had a match of all 36
Gunas but their marriage was not a success,
they were made to leave the kingdom and
when they returned, Shri Ram abandoned Sita.
51. Astrology is just probability, it never gives an accurate answer.
Shree Ram and Mata Sita had a match of all 36 Gunas but their
marriage was not a success
52. Premarital Checkup Before Matching
Horoscope
• You must have heard a common proverb,
‘Prevention is better than cure.’ This is
important especially when there is no cure for a
condition.
• A premarital checkup is significant because of
this reason only. It helps couples to know about
the health condition of their partners and
prevent welcoming a life-threatening disease.
• As a couple, you get sexually intimate with your
other half and that’s the time when you become
susceptible to getting infectious diseases.
54. Premarital Screening a medical kundli
milan
• A premarital test is a test that offers a crucial
health assessment of soon-to-be married
couples in which they are tested for genetic,
infectious and transmissible diseases to
prevent any risk of transmitting any disease
to each other and their children.
56. Premarital Screening
• Marriage is considered a remarkable event in a
couple’s life, as they plan to start a family, and
through which they usher in a new stage in terms
of building emotional, social, familial and healthy
relationships.
• Premarital testing programs should educate
couples, providing accurate and unbiased
information.
• Family background, hereditary factors, age,
diet, exercise, weight management and
addictions all contribute to the bigger picture.
59. Premarital Screening
• For couples considering marriage, pre-marital
screening helps identify potential health
problems and risks for themselves and also
their offspring.
• It is vital for couples to be screened in order to
aid them to understand their genetics and help
them take the necessary precautions or
treatments.
60. Importance of Premarital Screening:
• Gauge the positive health status of prospective
bride and groom
• Detect infectious diseases – Hepatitis B
infection, HIV, HCV and other sexually
transmitted diseases
• Identify carriers of genetic disorders, in order to
assess the risk of having children with a severe
form of disease. The couple can then choose
whether or not to have an affected child. e.g.
Thalassemia, Hemophilia and Sickle Cell Disease
62. Tests that constitute Premarital
Screening
• Routine Investigations – Complete Blood
Count (CBC), Complete Urine Analysis and
Peripheral Blood Smears to check for normal
and abnormal cells.
• Blood group testing (ABO-RH) is important
to screen out the Rh-negative women and
counsel them about the risks in pregnancy.
63. Blood group testing (ABO-RH)
• Blood Group Testing: ABO-RH testing is
important to screen out the RH-factor
incompatibility and counsel women about the
risks involved in pregnancy.
• If known in advance the doctor can give anti-Rh
immune-globulin shots during her first pregnancy.
• The Rh immune-globulin shots work like a
vaccine, which prevents the mother’s body
from producing any dangerous Rh antibodies
that can cause serious complications in the
new-born or complicate any future pregnancies
64. Rh incompatibility occurs when the mother's blood type is Rh
negative and her fetus' blood type is Rh positive.
Rh incompatibility, also known as Rh disease
65. Rh incompatibility
• Rh incompatibility occurs when the mother's
blood type is Rh negative and her fetus'
blood type is Rh positive. Antibodies from an
Rh negative mother may enter the blood
stream of her unborn Rh positive infant,
damaging the red blood cells (RBCs).
67. Tests that constitute Premarital
Screening
Infectious Diseases
• VDRL for Syphilis Testing
• HIV I & II
• Hepatitis-B Screening
• Hepatitis-C Virus
• Infectious diseases like HIV, Hepatitis B Virus (HCV),
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), Syphilis and Sexually
Transmitted Disease (STD).
• Among the blood-borne viruses transmissible through the
parenteral route, by blood transfusion, as well as, by sexual
intercourse, Human Immunodeficiency Viruses (HIV),
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) are
important and have several implications.
68. Infectious diseases like HIV, Hepatitis B Virus
(HCV), Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), Syphilis and
Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD)
69. Pre-marital Screening
• Pre-marital Screening also helps rule out
carrier status of potentially life-threatening
infectious diseases like HIV and HBV.
• The World Health Organization (WHO) notes that
HBV is 50 – 100 times more infectious than HIV.
• HBV can be passed from mother to baby during
birth. Therefore, it is imperative to safeguard
yourself from these potentially life-threatening
diseases with simple screening.
70. Pre-marital Screening also helps rule out carrier
status of potentially life-threatening infectious
diseases like HIV and HBV
71. Pre-marital Screening
• Not only do they establish asymptomatic
persistent infections, but they also cause
significant morbidity and mortality when
transmitted through transfusion of blood and
blood products.
• Failure to diagnose and treat STDs at an early
stage results in serious complications and
sequelae, including infertility, fetal wastage,
ectopic pregnancy, cancer and death.
72. Failure to diagnose and treat STDs at an early stage results in
serious complications, including infertility, fetal wastage,
ectopic pregnancy, cancer and death
73. Tests that constitute Premarital
Screening
Genetic Tests
• Doctors usually go for culture based genetic screening.
Depending on your family history and ancestry,
different tests are designed for different disorders
like thalassemia
• The tests are especially referred to in
‘consanguineous marriages’ or relationships by
blood or common ancestry, in which the chances of
offspring inheriting a recessive allele for a disease are
increased. The closer the relationship, the greater the
risk
• Genetic tests are done by analyzing small samples of
blood or body tissues
74. Tests that constitute Premarital
Screening
Inherited diseases
• In case you do not have any grave condition
that can affect your child’s health or you are not
carrying any dormant gene or condition, but your
partner does, your child may anyway get affected.
So, it is important to check if your, to be life
partner is suffering from any bloodborne
diseases like Marfan syndrome, Huntington’s
disease, sickle cell anemia, hemophilia,
thalassemia etc.
77. Genetic tests are especially referred to in
‘consanguineous marriages’ or relationships by
blood or common ancestry
78. Genetic Tests
• Thalassemia
• Thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder
(passed from parents to children through
genes).
• Anemia is a disorder in which your body
doesn’t have enough normal, healthy Red
Blood Cells (RBC).
80. Thalassemia
• When thalassemia is called “alpha” or
“beta,” it refers to the part of hemoglobin
that isn’t being made.
• If either the alpha or beta part is not made,
there aren’t enough building blocks to make
normal amounts of hemoglobin.
• Low alpha is called alpha thalassemia. Low
beta is called beta thalassemia.
82. Thalassemia
• When the words “trait,” “minor,”
“intermedia,” or “major” are used, these
words describe how severe the thalassemia
is.
• A person who has thalassemia minor trait may
not have any symptoms at all or may have only
mild anemia, while a person with thalassemia
major may have severe symptoms and may
need regular blood transfusions.
84. Thalassemia
( Minor & Major)
• What is Thalassemia Minor?
• People with a thalassemia mutation only in one
gene are known as carriers or are said to have
thalassemia minor. Thalassemia minor results
in no anemia or very slight anemia. People
who are carriers do not require blood
transfusion or iron therapy, unless proven to be
iron deficient.
85. Thalassemia
( Minor & Major)
• What is Thalassemia Major?
• Children born with thalassemia major usually
develop the symptoms of severe anemia within
the first year of life. Lacking the ability to
produce normal adult hemoglobin, children
with thalassemia major:
• Are chronically fatigued
• Fail to thrive
• Can show growth abnormalities
87. Genetic Tests
• Genotype test: This test will reveal whether a
person is a carrier of the sickle-cell gene.
• This test is a very important test as if both the
partners carry the sickle cell gene, then they
are in a high risk of having a baby born with a
serious disease.
89. Tests that constitute Premarital
Screening
Sexually transmitted diseases
• You can get diseases and infections like chlamydia,
HIV infection, syphilis, gonorrhea, etc., if your
partner is suffering from any such condition and you
get sexually intimate with him or her.
• These health problems are severe and can cause long-
term damage. In fact, some of them can even claim
your life.
• Not opting for a premarital checkup and being
infected by a sexually transmitted disease, later on,
can affect your marriage and life drastically.
92. Pre-marital Screening
• Infertility
• Infertility is quite a prevalent issue these days.
Almost every other person is going through this
problem.
• Infertility may cause unnecessary
psychological, social, biological, and emotional
trauma.
• To avoid any such occurrence, you must go for a
fertility checkup and ask your future partner also
to do the same.
94. Tests that constitute Premarital
Screening
• Fertility Test: This test is done to ascertain the
fertility of a couple. More often, a couple is
unaware that they have fertility problems until
about 2 or more years of marriage and after
unsuccessful trials at conceiving.
• The test is really important as fertility issues can
be concluded earlier without going through any
social or emotional trauma related to barrenness.
Fertility test typically includes a semen
analysis for the man to assess for male fertility
and test for ovulation for the woman.
96. Tests that constitute Premarital
Screening
Screening for Chronic Diseases:
Chronic diseases like diabetes and thyroid
function problems must be screened for.
This is because they have negative effects on
the outcome of a pregnancy.
• Any couple intending to marry must know
their thyroid and diabetic status because of
the association of these conditions with
infertility and high-risk pregnancies.
97. Any couple intending to marry must know their thyroid and
diabetic status because of the association of these conditions
with infertility and high-risk pregnancies.
98. Premedical Screening Before Kundli
• In India, before marriages there are compatibility concerns
on various issues but medical issues are never given their
due importance.
• People tend to overlook or are unaware of the health
aspect of the marriage.
• Premarital checkup should be conducted for a soon-to-
be-married couple in order to identify if there is any injury
with genetic blood diseases, such as sickle-cell anemia – or
infectious diseases, such as hepatitis B, C, and HIV/ Aids.
• It would provide the couple with a medical consultation
on the odds of transmitting any discovered diseases and
also to give options and alternatives to plan a perfectly
healthy family.
100. Premedical Screening Before Kundli
• A premarital check-up also helps the couple on
how to take care of each other on the basis of their
health history.
• Basically, premarital check-up can be done
anytime, however, the right time is six months
before the wedding.
• It is vital for couples to be screened to help
them understand their medical status and help
them take the necessary precautions or treatments.
102. • Ideally, both the sides must discuss the
“family medical history” in the presence of a
doctor, as a comprehensive medical checkup
for the prospective spouse is equally or more
important than matching Janam patris.
• But the problem is with the acceptance of this
advice.
Premedical Screening Before Kundli
105. Conclusion
• In a country like India, where parents hide even
serious illnesses like heart problems, psychiatric
problems, epilepsy, and even diabetes type I at the
time of marriage, it may be too much to expect of
such pre-marital checkups.
• But looking into several cases of disastrous
consequences of “medically incompatible
marriage”, it seems prudent to be considered
mandatory.
107. Conclusion
• As said marriages are decided in heaven but knots are
tied up by one of these two methods in our society:
• Arranged Marriage: Socially accepted and practiced
method where ‘offer’ for marriage is given by
appropriate party and then, marriage is finalized on the
basis of match-making.
• Love Marriage: Recently established way of selecting
marriage partner after some contact, friendship and/or
attraction because of looks. Here prospective partners
for marriage decide themselves to marry with or
without consent from parents and families.
108. As said marriages are decided in heaven but knots are
tied up by one of these two methods
109. Conclusion
• Well, either way, final decision of marriage is made after
checking possibility of matching with each other on the
basis of social, academic, financial and/or physical
appearance.
• What is hardly considered and ignored in total is the ‘Pre-
marital detailed medical check-up’ of both of the partners.
• Pre-marital health checkup is important to know the
health and fitness of your future partner.
• Whereas, genetic counseling helps to know the risk of
inherited disorder and the probability of developing and
transmitting it.
• Being an important aspect of happy married life you
really need to care about this aspect.
110. Case Study : Law On Pre-marital Tests
• The increase in divorce cases being filed due to the
husband’s impotency or frigidity, has prompted a high
court poser to the government suggesting an amendment in
the marriage laws to include mandatory pre-marital tests.
Dubbing it as a human tragedy which is avoidable, Justice N.
Kirubakaran of the Madurai bench of the Madras High
Court suggested, “if pre-marital clinical examinations are
done, it will prevent impotents from getting married and also
prevent marriages of people suffering from dangerous and
incurable diseases".
• https://www.femina.in/lifestyle/in-the-news/law-on-premarital-
tests-2986.html
111. Justice N. Kirubakaran of the Madurai bench of the Madras
High Court suggested, “if pre-marital clinical examinations are
done, it will prevent impotents from getting married and also
prevent marriages of people suffering from dangerous and
incurable diseases".
113. Case Study
India: Should Pre-Marital Testing Be made
Free & Mandatory?
• HC view on pre-marital clinical exam vindicated
• A recent divorce case sheds light on travails faced
by women due to marital crimes
• https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Madurai/HC-view-on-pre-marital-
clinical-exam-vindicated/article14623395.ece
114. Recent divorce case sheds light on travails faced by
women due to marital crimes
https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Madurai/HC-view-on-pre-marital-clinical-
exam-vindicated/article14623395.ece
116. Terminology
• Marriage Compatibility
Compatibility in a relationship means that
both partners understand and accept each
other's life philosophy and goals, as well as
genuinely enjoy being around each other
without feeling preoccupied by what they
feel needs to change within their partner.
117. Terminology
• Kundali Matching
• Kundali matching or Kundli milan is the
vedic astrology equivalent of horoscope
matching for marriage.
118. A Premarital Question
(A Question Before Marriage) | A Short Film
• https://youtu.be/LM7AlP0DQoA
119. References
• Before you say ‘I do’
• https://www.livemint.com/news/business-of-life/before-you-say-i-do-
1540561936547.html
• Bride and groom, get these 4 medical tests done before the wedding
• https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/health-fitness/health-
news/bride-and-groom-get-these-4-medical-tests-done-before-the-
wedding/photostory/72604694.cms
• Exploring the Effectiveness of Mandatory Premarital Screening and
Genetic Counseling Programmes for β-Thalassaemia in the Middle East: A
Scoping Review
• https://www.karger.com/Article/Fulltext/430837
• Horoscope Matching
• https://www.astrosage.com/freechart/matchmaking.asp
• How Kundli Matching For Marriage Works?
• https://www.mpanchang.com/astrology/kundali-matching/
120. References
• Marriage
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marriage
• Significance of horoscope or kundli matching in marriages
• https://www.deccanchronicle.com/in-focus/100121/significance-of-horoscope-or-
kundli-matching-in-marriages.html
• The importance of premarital health checkup
• https://www.biospectrumindia.com/features/81/12509/the-importance-of-
premarital-health-checkup.html
• Understanding Relationship Compatibility Factors
• https://dating.lovetoknow.com/What_Is_Compatibility_in_a_Relationship
• Why couples must get premarital health checkup done about six months
before the wedding
• https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/health/premarital-health-checkup-
couples-marriage-7623732/
• Why Kundli Matching/ Matching Of Charts Fail Sometime?
• https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/outlook-spotlight-why-kundli-
matching-matching-of-charts-fail-sometime/359548
121. Govt. should make Pre-marital Screening
mandatory to reduce divorce rates and
marriage related frauds & crimes in India