The document discusses how cities are implementing smart infrastructure technologies like sensors and networked devices to improve services but also raises security concerns as these systems are vulnerable to cyber threats. It describes how Surat city launched a Picture Intelligence Unit using facial recognition technology connected to CCTV cameras to help identify criminals and detect suspicious activity in real-time, leading to a 27% reduction in crime. The document advocates for a collaborative approach between experts worldwide to help secure these smart city systems and ensure public safety.

1. Smart Security Infrastructure
Unit-II

2. How Secure Is Smart Infrastructure?
• With everything increasingly connected,
there is a growing awareness of new
vulnerabilities.

3. How Secure Is Smart Infrastructure?
• Many cities are rapidly deploying "smart"
infrastructure technologies that promise to
preserve and even enhance quality of life in an
increasingly congested and urbanized world.
Networked through fiber optics and wireless
broadband, sensors embedded in buildings, in
roadways, and in water, waste and energy
systems generate enormous quantities of data
used to reduce traffic congestion, optimize water
and energy use, and make the environment more
comfortable and safe.

4. How Secure Is Smart Infrastructure?

5. How Secure Is Smart Infrastructure?
• But as useful as this technology is proving, its
growing presence is raising new questions in a
world in which cyber-breaches are beginning
to seem like a daily occurrence: Just how secure
are these systems and the data they hold?
• In response to this perceived threat, a group of
experts recently launched a not-for-profit global
initiative called Securing Smart Cities to help
government leaders reduce the liabilities of
implementing the technology.

6. How Secure Is Smart Infrastructure?

7. How Secure Is Smart Infrastructure?
• A chief concern is that sensors can
intentionally be fed bad data that leads to
faulty analysis and action. Automated
elevators, lighting and building security
systems, for example, could be disrupted.
Roadway sensors connected to a smart
traffic light system could be hacked and
used to bring vehicle movement in a city to
a halt.

8. How Secure Is Smart Infrastructure?

9. How Secure Is Smart Infrastructure?
• The answer to at least one question is clear: This must
be a collaborative effort. "The cyber security of a
modern, smart city is not something you can solve
on your own,". "The concept involves so many
different technologies communicating with each other
in so many ways that the only way to predict and
eliminate all possible security issues is through
collaboration between experts around the world."
• Smart cities are, after all, connected cities. Trying to
build one on your own is simply not a realistic or
prudent option.

10. How Secure Is Smart Infrastructure?

11. How Secure Is Smart Infrastructure?
• Todays cities face a wide spectrum of
threats ranging from terrorism to rising
crime rates, civil unrests, shootings, natural
disasters and other emergencies. To mitigate
the impact of these situations, city authorities
require real-time information and insights into
what is happening in and around their districts.
There is a growing case for utilizing new
and emerging technologies in the drive for
safer and efficient cities.

12. How Secure Is Smart
Infrastructure?

13. Public Safety Requires a Holistic
Approach
In recent times, the emergence of smart
technologies like unified communication and IP
networks is increasingly driving the shifts
towards a ‘safer city’. At the core of this safer city
is an underlyng connection between stakeholders,
including law enforcements and public/ government
agencies. With the advances in technologies
enabling greater interpermeability and seamless
flow of information through unified networks, it
has become far easy to collect and collate widely
available data for coordinated responses.

14. Integrated Solutions for a
Secure City
• There are several challenges that local &
State authorities face in ensuring high levels
of physical security. These include significant
manpower and associated costs, limited
budgets, multiple and often legacy systems
and most daunting, the lack of
interpermeability between these systems.

15. Integrated Solutions for a
Secure City

16. Integrated Solutions for a
Secure City
• An integrated public security systems should
ideally encompass three main elements-
Monitoring, communication and mobility
solutions. These aspects are linked together
by the forth element a command and
control center solution (PSIM) to mitigate
risk across the city environment by providing
actionable intelligence and enabling speedy
security incident resolutions.

17. Integrated Solutions for a
Secure City

18. Monitoring Solutions
Video Surveillance & Analytics
• There has been a growing shift to IP based CCTV
cameras that provide significant advantages such
as scalability, remote monitoring over internet and
easy sorting of digital video files. These IP based
solutions also support intelligent video analytics that
augment the video surveillance with real time
detection and alerts for defined events.

19. Video Surveillance & Analytics

20. Monitoring Solutions
Collaborative Monitoring
• Many cities typically have surveillance
systems deployed by multiple public and
private establishments. A safe city solutions
with a collaborative framework can receive
video feeds from these systems and sub-
systems to ensure real-time responses.

21. Collaborative Monitoring

22. Monitoring Solutions
Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANRP)
• This Surveillance solution uses optical character
recognition on image to read the license plate on
vehicles. This is mostly used at borders or traffic
signals to identity and cross-check vehicles with
comprehensive vehicle database to provide
actionable intelligence in case of vehicle theft etc.

23. Automatic Number Plate Recognition
(ANRP)

24. Monitoring Solutions
Facial Recognition System (FRS)
• This solution is a computer application which
automatically identifies or verifies a person from a
digital image, or a video frame from a video sources.
This solution uses a combination of eye zone
extraction and facial recognition or neural network
technology. Recognitions are regardless of vantage
point and facial changes (Glasses-beards and
expressions). The system has a short processing time
and a high recognition rate up to 100 faces per
image/ frame.

25. Facial Recognition System (FRS)

26. Monitoring Solutions

27. Communication Systems
Communication Systems
Network Connectivity
• Robust reliable and scalable networks are required to
enable converged communication these points of
connections include cameras, data centers, police stations and
other critical government databases. In addition to terrestrial
connectivity, satellite connectivity is required at data centers,
command centers and mobile vans as the former network
systems are typically the first casualty in the case of an
incident or disaster.
• Unified Communication Solution This solution entails
messaging and call channel across heterogeneous networks
and systems to provide guaranteed message delievery, efficient
routing, security and priority based messaging.

28. Communication Systems

29. Communication Systems
Data Centers
• Data centers are used to record the video
feeds for viewing at Command Centers and
for future references. These data centers
house NVRs, storage required for recording
and processing video feeds. The Command &
Control Centers at both the regional and the
central level will get required video feeds
and alert from the data centers

30. Data Centers

31. Communication Systems
Application Portfolio
• This solution is built on open standards and a
Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) to ensure
seamless interoperability and integration for
maintaining law and order in a city. Some of the
key components of the Application Portfolio
include video management system, recording
system, analytic system, GIS system GIS and a
customized application can be created to
integrate criminal database, RTO database etc.

32. Application Portfolio

33. Mobility Solutions
Vehicle Mounted Camera
• The vehicle is equipped with the basic
CCTV equipment, communication
equipment, and video display system along
with seating capacity for the operator . The
mobile Video van is maintained in a complete
state of readiness and is capable of capturing
and streaming real-time video feed of an
accident.

34. Vehicle Mounted Camera

35. Mobility Solutions
Vehicle Tracking System on GIS maps
• GPS based vehicle tracking of police vehicles/
QRT vehicles/ fire brigade trucks/ ambulances
enabled on GIS maps, enable the command
center operator to accurately and easily locate
these vehicles in case of any eventualities. The
operator can communicate with these vehicles
through a unified communication system to report
to the location of casualty

36. Vehicle Tracking System on GIS maps

37. Command & Control Centre Solution
(PSIM)
• This integrated solution forces Standard Operating
Procedures (SOPs) and provides greater visibility of all
security activities in a real-time single view and help
government authorities to implement and enforce rules &
regulations.
• It enables situational awareness throughout its
infrastructure by creating a unified and interactive
intelligence picture, drawing data from all sensors,
showing location of petrol's and adding other relevant
information such as video from different sources. This
combined picture is constantly updated and can be sent by
the Control Centre to all patrols, thereby serving as a
uniform basis for operational planning & allocation tasks.

38. Command & Control Centre Solution
(PSIM)

39. Command & Control Centre Solution
(PSIM)
• The Physical Security Information
Management (PSIM) system operates as
part of an overall incident cycle that
integrates disparate security agencies to-
geather. This cycle consists of four key
phases- plan, Detect, react and Analyze

40. Command & Control Centre Solution
(PSIM)

41. City Surveillance System
• City governments face the challenge of
reassuring citizens and businesses by
preventing and minimizing potential
threats. These include vandalism, burglary,
and all other forms of crime. There is also a
need to ensure efficient processes in everyday
public life, for instance managing traffic and
crises

42. City Surveillance System

43. City Surveillance System
• Governmental bodies are therefore
embracing advanced technologies for
enhancing security and safety as efficiently
and reliably as possible. We also see a
growing need for user-friendly, intelligent
systems that are easily integrated with
multiple other systems, such as those that
link and coordinate the responses of police,
fire departments, and hospitals to accidents
or natural disasters.

44. City Surveillance System
Applications
• Security Systems offers a comprehensive
portfolio of innovative, reliable, high-quality
products for implementing a city
surveillance solution

45. Public Surveillance
with CCTV
• IP networked video surveillance. It lets cities
take a major step toward mastering these
challenges. It provides a host of benefits
that enable faster detection and prosecution
of accidents and crimes and, in many cases,
constitute effective deterrents to prevent
crimes from being committed in the first
place.

46. Public Surveillance
with CCTV

47. Deter and Detect Illicit Transactions in City
Centers
and High-Crime Areas
• Visible CCTV cameras installed in vulnerable areas
have proved to be effective deterrents. Illegal
activities such as drug dealing, street violence, and
vandalism diminish sharply when police forces are
supported by surveillance technologies.
• Changing or poor light conditions, both indoors and
outdoors, pose particular challenges. To produce
usable images, there is a need for high-quality cameras
with advanced features such as high sensitivity, a wide
dynamic range, and night vision using thermal or
infrared techno-logies

48. Deter and Detect Illicit Transactions in City Centers
and High-Crime Areas

49. Deter and Detect Illicit Transactions in City Centers
and High-Crime Areas
• Because they are exposed to weather
conditions such as rain, sun, and snow,
these products must be highly resistant to
humidity and extremes of cold and heat.
This calls for cameras and housings that are
specifically designed for outdoor use.

50. Deter and Detect Illicit Transactions in City Centers
and High-Crime Areas

51. Monitor Crowds
• Tourist areas and other crowd situations pose
considerable security and safety challenges.
Video surveillance helps police and security
forces respond more effectively when people or
property are threatened.
• Wherever crowds gather – at tourist sights,
public transportation facilities, stadiums, street
demonstrations, etc. – video surveillance can
help authorities quickly detect potential
threats.

52. Monitor Crowds

53. Monitor Crowds
• An intelligent user interface ensures that
operators know exactly where an incident
occurs, also helping them pinpoint the
locations of cameras in use by displaying the
captured images on maps. Automated virtual
guard tours can monitor critical areas by
periodically sequencing through multiple
cameras.
• Complete flexibility in configuring monitors
lets operators focus their attention on the right
spots at the right times – for example, a busy
station entrance in the daytime or an unattended
bank branch at night.

54. Monitor Crowds

55. Monitor Crowds

56. Fight Crime
• When a crime is committed during a street
demonstration, CCTV surveillance helps security forces
take rapid, targeted action. Recorded footage can also
be presented in court as evidence.
• Fixed cameras can be supplemented by moving
cameras
• for real-time monitoring. They are controlled by an
operator via a joystick or workstation. Advanced signal
encoding and transmission technologies minimize
delays
• to ensure immediate operator responses

57. Fight Crime

58. Fight Crime
• Storage capabilities are also essential for
follow-up investigations, requiring video
footage to be kept for varying periods of time.
This calls for video compression and recording
technologies, as well as the ability to scale the
storage capacity to meet different needs.
• Especially when sensitive data are involved,
resilience, redundancy, and protection are very
important.

59. Monitor Traffic Flows
• CCTV surveillance enables centralized traffic
monitoring, especially at major road
intersections. It supplies relevant information to
help law enforcement agencies and emergency
services deal with accidents. Road and high-way
crews can also be dispatched to remove
hazards or repair malfunctioning equipment.
• Cameras can also help mitigate congestion by
collecting data on traffic patterns. This
information can then be used to reprogram
traffic lights and improve traffic flows.

60. Monitor Traffic Flows

61. Monitor Traffic Flows
• IP video streams can be transmitted over
wired or wire-less networks, so all of a city’s
surveillance cameras can be easily
monitored from a single operations center.
• The low bandwidth and advanced
networking capabilities of IP cameras
additionally facilitate this.

62. Monitor Traffic Flows

63. Catch Traffic Offenders
• license plate cameras capture details at any
time of the day or night, even on vehicles
moving at high speed and in any weather or
ambient lighting conditions.
• Intelligent Video Analysis supports operators
by triggering an alarm when an individual or
vehicle enters a prohibited area or behaves
suspiciously. It can also greatly reduce the time
required to search video footage.

64. Catch Traffic Offenders

65. Adapt to Extreme Conditions
• When a natural or human-caused disaster
occurs – such as a tornado, flood, or
earthquake – video surveillance can deliver
invaluable information to help assess
damage, locate injured people, coordinate
rescue units, and identify criminal acts such as
looting.

66. Adapt to Extreme Conditions

67. Case Study
• Picture Intelligence Unit (PIU), Surat City
• A smart city is incomplete unless it is a safe city. Safety
is probably one of the most important aspects of
moving towards a smart city. Setting an example, Surat
City Police has reportedly become the first city police
to get a Picture Intelligence Unit (PIU) and is also the
first in India to deploy a face recognition technology for
its PIU.
• The deployment was part of the safe city project
initiative in Gujarat. The city police is now using
intelligent, video based analytics solution that is
deployed at its command and control center.

68. Picture Intelligence Unit (PIU), Surat
City

69. Picture Intelligence Unit (PIU),
Surat City
• The key aspect of the PIU is the face
recognition system. A solution offered by
NEC, the FRS system takes the video feeds
from the CCTV cameras deployed at
important locations in the city and match it
with the existing database of police. The
technology is imparting real time intelligence
to the city police force.

70. How does it work?
• NEC’s Facial Recognition Solution (FRS) is a high
performance face recognition biometric technology
which intelligently matches faces appearing on the
surveillance cameras to the connected database in
real time and generate alerts if a subject face of
person of interest is matched.
• “When deployed and connected with CCTV camera
network across the city for criminal investigation, the
technology alerts the police real time for any
suspicious activity/criminal spotted in the surveillance
zone,”. Enabling speedy action by the police, it leads to
a faster turnaround time for investigating criminal
cases.

71. Picture Intelligence Unit (PIU),
Surat City
Rakesh Asthana, (IPS)
Indian Police Service, Police Commi
ssioner of Surat City, said, “This
leading Face Recognition System
and Forensic Criminal Investigation
System can offer
our police department the much
required real-time intelligence to
ensure the safety of our city and its
citizens. We can now proudly say
that Surat Safe City is India’s first
Safe City”

72. Picture Intelligence Unit (PIU),
Surat City
• In Surat, the NEC FRS technology is connected
with the criminals face database and the
CCTV cameras deployed at critical point of
entry and exit of the city. The live camera feeds
are processed at the command and control centre
and whenever a match is found, the system will
send immediate alerts with the matched details to
application dashboard. Optionally, the alerts
would be sent to police official’s mobile phones
for appropriate action.

73. Picture Intelligence Unit (PIU),
Surat City

74. Picture Intelligence Unit (PIU),
Surat City
• There has been a 27% decline in crime rate, and
150 cases have been solved already since
successful deployment of NEC FRS system
• With the implementation, Surat city police will
now be able to;
• Identify a criminal in crowd even if the person
is disguised or has undergone plastic surgery
• Detect vehicles used in criminal activities and
get their details within no time
• Penalize the vehicles violating the traffic rules,
speed limit etc.

75. Surat, Safe City
27% decline in crime rate, and 150 cases have been solved
already since successful deployment of NEC FRS system

76. References
• www.wipro.com/documents/insights/building_safe_an
d_secure_cities.pdf
• http://resource.boschsecurity.com/
• http://india.smartcitiescouncil.com/
• http://www.cpted.net/
• http://www.dqindia.com/tag/surat-picture-
intelligence-unit/

77. "Our greatest glory is not in never falling, but in
rising every time we fall." - Confucius