This document describes the design of a smart electric water heater. The water heater uses sensors to monitor the environment and water temperature. An Arduino board controls the heating element based on the sensor readings to heat the water efficiently. This conserves energy by only heating the water as needed based on the environment. A keypad and display allow the user to set the target water temperature. The smart water heater aims to reduce electricity bills and carbon footprint by precisely controlling water heating.

1. ON SMART ELECTRIC GEYSER
SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR
THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF
BECHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
(ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING)
Department of Electrical Engineering

2. CONTENTS
1. ABSTRACT
2. INTRODUCTION
3. SOCIAL BENEFITS
4. LEARNING OUTCOMES
5. DESIGN DESCRIPTION
6. HARDWARE SPECIFICATIONS
7. WORKING
8. CONCLUSION
9. REFERENCES

3. ABSTRACT:
Energy Conservation is no doubt one of the great important matters to everyone
since we heavily rely on energy usage for many daily activities we do. With the
increasing of technologies, moreenergy usageis required. Thus, many
organizations havetheir researchers working on energy conservation to help us
providing the solutions to conserveenergy. Becauseenergy supplies are limited,
we are suggested to find ways to use energy wisely in order to maintain a good
quality of life.
With an ever increasing motivation to conserveenergy, much efforthas been put
forth lately to create smartHVACsystems. According to DukeEnergy, water
heaters are the second-highestsourceof energy usagein most homes. This is a
largely overlooked area in which a smart solution could increase efficiency,
reduce energy costs and carbon footprint, as well as giving the user a more
refined control and ultimately comfort. There are severalsuggested solutions to
help us reduce the energy usagefor water heater such as buying the new and
better water heating system, water conservation, insulatethe existing water
heater, and so on.
Our goal is to offer the alternative solution to this problem. Our idea for this
projectis to create a "smartwater heater" with the focus of making the usage of
water heater more efficient and increasing the awareness of energy usageto the
household users. Weare also looking to create the affordableplatformto allow
everyoneto reduce their energy consumption and money fromwater heater. By
doing so, we are introducing the water heater thermostat controller that will offer
the way to control and monitor your water heater. The user will havethe
complete control of the water heater. We will also havethe systemprogrammed
with the algorithmsuch that the systemrecognizes thepattern of energy usage
and come up with the way to savemore energy for each user. The user will be
able to control the water heater through severaldevices that communicate with
the main tank.

4. INTRODUCTION:
Nowadays , energy saving is given morepreference than generating energy
because in future age ,wewon't have enough of coal to generate electricity which
is the main sourceof electricity production. So we aretaking a step forward to
make a geyzer which will heat the water according to the temperature of
environment,so that energy won't be wasted. Geyzer can be made by detecting
the temperature of environment based on which Arduino will command to heat
the water at particular temperature and water proof thermistor will send
instructions to Arduino to cutoff the relay when they'vereached the temperature
of water . But sometimes when more hot water is required then the person can
feed the temperature of water required through keypad and water of that
temperature will be provided.
In future , this idea can be implemented with solar panels to save more energy.

5. SOCIAL BENEFITS:-
• Ithelps in decreasing the burden of electricity bill.
• Itwill help in saving the time of people as they don't need to mix the hot
water with cold water to obtain the more appropriatetemperature.
• In futurewe can use solar panels also along with the main supply so that
electricity bill will further decrease.
LEARNING OUTCOMES: -
• Interfacing of Arduino Uno with thermocouple.
• Interfacing of Arduino Uno with water proof thermistor .
• Interfacing of Arduino Uno with relay.
• Interfacing of Arduino Uno with keypad.
• Interfacing of Arduino Uno with LCD screen.

6. CIRCUIT DISCRIPTION:
A) MODEL

7. B) THERMOSTATCIRCUIT:
C) TEMPERATURECONTROLLER WORKING

8. HARDWARE SPECIFICATIONS:
1. K-TYPE THERMOCOUPLE:
The main purposeof a water heater thermocouple is to ensurethe pilot
light of a water heating systemis working properly. Thepilot, which
ignites the main gas burner used to heat the tank reservoir, ensures
that the gas is immediately ignited and does not build up within the
tank, a safety hazard that is likely to end in an explosion. As a
temperature sensor, the thermocouplemonitors whether or not the
pilot light is burning by sensing the temperature or heat being
produced. If it has stopped burning, the thermocouple stops the flow of
gas before it is able to build up at the burner head.
The thermocouple is mainly composed of two wires of differing metals
that are joined at a junction that forms a sensor tip. This sensor of
thermocouple wireis positioned directly into the hottest part of the
pilot light’s flame. The wires are protected by a metal covering and
travel to a thermostat which measures the temperature. The heat of
the pilot light produces an electric current that travels down the wires.
If the thermocouple measures the current and determines it is hot
enough, it sends a signal to the gas supply, causing it to open, or remain
open. If the heat is too low, the gas supply is turned off. Like other
thermocouples or temperature sensors, thoseused in water heating
systems arevery reliable, ensuresafety and last for long periods of
time.

9. 2. ARDUINO UNO R3:
The ArduinoUno R3 is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328 .Ithas
14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog
inputs, a 16 MHz crystaloscillator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP
header, and a resetbutton. Itcontains everything needed to supportthe
microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with a USB cable or power it
with a AC-to-DCadapter or battery to get started.

10. 3.NTC Thermistor 10k:
Thermistor is an electronic component used to calculate
the temperature.This is a type of resistor whose
resistancevaries with change in temperature. These NTC
thermistors aremade up fromthe combination of metal
oxides which passed through sintering process which
gives negative electrical resistanceversus temperature
(R/T) relationship to it. Due to having a large negative
slope a small change in temperature cause a huge change
in electrical resistance.
4. KEYPAD AND LCD DISPLAY:
For entering the temperature required by the user we require a keypad. The
person can enter the temperature at
which he wants the water to heat up.
The required temperature will be
displayed on the LCD display.

11. 5. RELAY :
A relay isan electrically operated switchthat can beturned
on or off, letting the currentgo through or not, and can be
controlled with low voltages, like the 5V provided by the
Arduino pins.
6.ELECTRICAL MINI BOILER IMMERSION ROD:
The rodwill act as the heating componentof theelectric
geyser. Both the heating elements do not function
simultaneously. Firstthe top heating element functions
until the upper tank is hot and then the function is
transferred to the bottom heating element, which has
its own thermostat

12. WORKING:
We have used two temperature sensors. Onefor sensing the environment
temperature and second for sensing the water temperature. We have interfaced
these sensors with arduino Uno. The geyser consists of a water tank fitted with
two pipes – one for inlet of cold water and the other for outlet of hot water. The
water tank is fitted with heating elements which are controlled by thermostats.
Once the supply is on the temperature sensor will sensethe environment
temperature and accordingly send signal to heat the element. The element starts
heating and the thermocouple will ensurethat the water temperature does not
cross the limit given by the temperature sensor. Therewill be conversion of
electrical energy to heat energy fromelement to water. Once the water is heated
up it will stop. Further we can set the temperature by keypad and the ICmodule
will send the signal and the water temperature will be set according to the input
temperature. This way there is conservation of electricity by heating the water
according to our environment.
We can further check the energy used by installing an energy meter with it.
CONCLUSION:
After doing the study on the project and proceeding to it, it is found that ‘smart
electric meter’ is an energy conservation based system. Itwill conserveenergy as
well as reduce electricity. In a world of sustainableuse of energy this type of
electric geyser should be used. Further modifications can be done in the system
to make it smarter and convenient by making it compatible with Bluetooth and
WiFi. In futurethis idea can be implemented with solar panels to conservemore
energy.

13. REFERENCES:
1.https://www.ia.omron.com/support/guide/53/introduction.html
2. https://store.arduino.cc/usa/arduino-uno-rev3
3. https://www.instructables.com/id/Arduino-and-Thermocouple-K-MAX6675/
4. https://www.electronics-project-design.com/RoomThermostat.html