In this presentation I'm explaining about Closed and Open cycle OTEC systems with detailed explanation and advantages and disadvantages of OTEC systems.
Solar thermal power generation systems use mirrors to collect sunlight and produce steam by solar heat to drive turbines for generating power. This system generates power by rotating turbines like thermal and nuclear power plants, and therefore, is suitable for large-scale power generation.
This document discusses solar refrigeration systems. There are three main types: photovoltaic (PV) operated refrigeration, solar mechanical refrigeration, and absorption refrigeration. PV operated refrigeration uses solar panels to power a vapor compression refrigeration cycle. Solar mechanical refrigeration uses solar heat to power a Rankine cycle that then drives a refrigeration compressor. Absorption refrigeration replaces compression with a heat-powered process using ammonia and water. Among the options, PV is best for small, portable systems away from power grids. While solar refrigeration provides clean energy and off-grid use, it also has high costs and relies on consistent sunlight.
OTEC (Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion) is a renewable energy technology that uses the temperature difference between warm surface waters and cold deep ocean waters to power a turbine and generate electricity through a closed Rankine cycle process. There are three main types of OTEC systems - closed, open, and hybrid - with a hybrid system combining aspects of both closed and open cycles. While OTEC could provide clean electricity and fresh water, challenges include higher current costs compared to fossil fuels and potential environmental impacts from plant construction.
Unit v geothermal energy ,renewable energy sources,ORO551Dr SOUNDIRARAJ N
This document discusses various types of renewable energy sources including geothermal, ocean, tidal, and wave energy. It provides details on the different methods of harnessing energy from these sources, such as hydrothermal systems for geothermal energy, ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) cycles, and tidal barrages. It also discusses the potential for these technologies in India and their technical and economic aspects.
This document outlines the syllabus for a course on renewable energy sources. It discusses various types of solar collectors, including flat plate collectors, concentrating collectors, and solar air heaters. Flat plate collectors are the most widely used and collect both beam and diffuse radiation without tracking. Concentrating collectors use reflective surfaces to achieve higher temperatures over 100°C. Solar air heaters are used to pre-heat air for applications like space heating and drying. The document provides details on the construction, working, advantages and applications of these different solar collector technologies.
This document discusses solar thermal systems and their components. It describes how solar thermal systems work to convert sunlight into heat that can be used for heating water, pools, and spaces. The key components are solar collectors, storage technology, and a regulator system. Solar collectors absorb sunlight and transfer the heat to a fluid to transport it for use. There are different types of collectors and two main types of solar thermal systems: one for domestic hot water and one for supplementary space heating. Passive and active solar systems are discussed for space heating applications.
Direct energy conversion involves transforming one form of energy directly into another without intermediate steps. This includes solar cells, fuel cells, and thermoelectric generators. Thermoelectric generators directly convert heat into electricity via the Seebeck effect. Magnetohydrodynamic generators directly convert heat into electricity using electrically conducting fluids like plasma in a magnetic field to generate current via electromagnetic induction. Materials with high Seebeck coefficients, electrical conductivity, and low thermal conductivity are best for thermoelectric generators.
1. Solar radiation measurements are important for solar energy applications and require instruments that can measure direct beam and diffuse radiation on surfaces oriented at various angles.
2. Common solar radiation measurement devices include pyrheliometers for measuring direct beam radiation, pyranometers for measuring total radiation, and sunshine recorders for measuring duration of bright sunshine.
3. Solar radiation data should specify if measurements are instantaneous or integrated over a time period, the measurement time/period, whether beam, diffuse, or total radiation is measured, the receiving surface orientation, and any averaging period.
Solar thermal power generation systems use mirrors to collect sunlight and produce steam by solar heat to drive turbines for generating power. This system generates power by rotating turbines like thermal and nuclear power plants, and therefore, is suitable for large-scale power generation.
This document discusses solar refrigeration systems. There are three main types: photovoltaic (PV) operated refrigeration, solar mechanical refrigeration, and absorption refrigeration. PV operated refrigeration uses solar panels to power a vapor compression refrigeration cycle. Solar mechanical refrigeration uses solar heat to power a Rankine cycle that then drives a refrigeration compressor. Absorption refrigeration replaces compression with a heat-powered process using ammonia and water. Among the options, PV is best for small, portable systems away from power grids. While solar refrigeration provides clean energy and off-grid use, it also has high costs and relies on consistent sunlight.
OTEC (Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion) is a renewable energy technology that uses the temperature difference between warm surface waters and cold deep ocean waters to power a turbine and generate electricity through a closed Rankine cycle process. There are three main types of OTEC systems - closed, open, and hybrid - with a hybrid system combining aspects of both closed and open cycles. While OTEC could provide clean electricity and fresh water, challenges include higher current costs compared to fossil fuels and potential environmental impacts from plant construction.
Unit v geothermal energy ,renewable energy sources,ORO551Dr SOUNDIRARAJ N
This document discusses various types of renewable energy sources including geothermal, ocean, tidal, and wave energy. It provides details on the different methods of harnessing energy from these sources, such as hydrothermal systems for geothermal energy, ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) cycles, and tidal barrages. It also discusses the potential for these technologies in India and their technical and economic aspects.
This document outlines the syllabus for a course on renewable energy sources. It discusses various types of solar collectors, including flat plate collectors, concentrating collectors, and solar air heaters. Flat plate collectors are the most widely used and collect both beam and diffuse radiation without tracking. Concentrating collectors use reflective surfaces to achieve higher temperatures over 100°C. Solar air heaters are used to pre-heat air for applications like space heating and drying. The document provides details on the construction, working, advantages and applications of these different solar collector technologies.
This document discusses solar thermal systems and their components. It describes how solar thermal systems work to convert sunlight into heat that can be used for heating water, pools, and spaces. The key components are solar collectors, storage technology, and a regulator system. Solar collectors absorb sunlight and transfer the heat to a fluid to transport it for use. There are different types of collectors and two main types of solar thermal systems: one for domestic hot water and one for supplementary space heating. Passive and active solar systems are discussed for space heating applications.
Direct energy conversion involves transforming one form of energy directly into another without intermediate steps. This includes solar cells, fuel cells, and thermoelectric generators. Thermoelectric generators directly convert heat into electricity via the Seebeck effect. Magnetohydrodynamic generators directly convert heat into electricity using electrically conducting fluids like plasma in a magnetic field to generate current via electromagnetic induction. Materials with high Seebeck coefficients, electrical conductivity, and low thermal conductivity are best for thermoelectric generators.
1. Solar radiation measurements are important for solar energy applications and require instruments that can measure direct beam and diffuse radiation on surfaces oriented at various angles.
2. Common solar radiation measurement devices include pyrheliometers for measuring direct beam radiation, pyranometers for measuring total radiation, and sunshine recorders for measuring duration of bright sunshine.
3. Solar radiation data should specify if measurements are instantaneous or integrated over a time period, the measurement time/period, whether beam, diffuse, or total radiation is measured, the receiving surface orientation, and any averaging period.
This document discusses solar energy storage and applications. It describes different methods of solar energy storage including sensible heat storage using materials like water, rocks, and concrete. Latent heat storage using phase change is also discussed. Thermal energy storage techniques like solar ponds are explained. Applications of solar energy covered include solar heating/cooling, distillation, drying, and photovoltaic energy conversion. Basic elements of a solar water heating system and different types including natural circulation and forced circulation models are outlined.
Small Hydro power plant. Small Hydro Power (SHP) is hydro plant with power under 10 MW as defined by United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO):
Choice of technology and site
Small hydro technology is mature and well-established in the market
Improvements: equipment designs, differents materials, control sistem
Typologies of Hydropower plants
a) Run of River Plants
b) Pondage Plants
c) Reservoir Plants
Typologies of Hydropower plants
a) Run of River Plants
A Run of River plant uses the available river flow
A Run of River plant has a little cumulative water
High cost
Typologies of Hydropower plants
b) Pondage Plants
Cumulative water flows permits storage of water for few weeks
Pondage Plant can works when the level of river is low.
Typology of hydropower plants
c) Reservoir Plants
Energy prodution of a Reservoir Plant is based on cumulative water flows
Construction of a very large dam to cumulate water
Usually this kind of plant is not a SHP
Plan SHP
Control national and regional law
Who using the water and how
Story analisis of river flow
Study hidrogeologic and hidrografic of site
Chek principal parameters (Q) river flow avieble and (H) head for calculate power of site
Pubblicity of project and consalting citizen.
Hydroelectric plants
Start easily and quickly and change power output rapidly
Complement large thermal plants (coal and nuclear), which are most efficient in serving base power loads.
Save millions of barrels of oil
SHP emissions
As all other renewable energy sources, SHP plays an important role in reducing the emissions.
Externality of SHP are very low.
This is very important and positive, expecially for Kyoto protocol.
What to do for goal with SHP
Act cordinated strategy:
Informing
Including the people in the projects
Dialogue with opponents
Implementing social compain
This document provides information about magneto hydro dynamic (MHD) power generation. It discusses:
1) MHD is a method of directly converting heat into electricity without a conventional generator by using the flow of an electrically conducting fluid like plasma or liquid metals through a magnetic field.
2) In an MHD generator, a gaseous conductor like ionized gas is passed at high velocity through a magnetic field, inducing a current that can be extracted via electrodes.
3) There are two main types of MHD systems - open cycle uses combustion gases as the working fluid, while closed cycle uses a seeded inert gas or liquid metal as the working fluid in a closed loop.
This document discusses different types of power plants. It begins by describing thermal power plants, including their turbines and cooling towers. It then covers hydroelectric power plants, explaining pelton, reaction, kaplan and francis turbines. The document also examines nuclear power plants, outlining their basic layout and how nuclear reactors work. Additionally, it summarizes gas and diesel power plants. Finally, the document explores non-conventional power sources such as ocean thermal, wind, tidal, geothermal and magneto hydro dynamic systems.
This document discusses tidal power generation. It describes the different types of tides and methods for generating tidal energy, including tidal stream generators, tidal barrages, dynamic tidal power, and tidal lagoons. It also discusses tidal turbines, present tidal power plants worldwide, environmental concerns, and advantages of tidal power. The key methods discussed are tidal barrages, which use dams to capture potential energy of tides, and tidal turbines, which resemble wind turbines and can be placed in tidal currents. Environmental concerns include impacts on estuary ecosystems and risks to fish.
This document provides information about geothermal energy sources and technologies. It begins by defining geothermal energy as heat present within the Earth's crust. It then describes the main types of geothermal resources: hydrothermal systems (vapor-dominated, liquid-dominated, hot water), geopressured resources, hot dry rocks, magma resources, and volcanoes. Details are given about extraction methods like flashed steam and binary cycle systems. Applications discussed include power generation, industrial process heat, space heating, desalination, and using geothermal fluids in chemical industries. Advantages of geothermal include being renewable and less polluting, while disadvantages are lower efficiency and potential for subsidence from fluid withdrawal
Magneto hydro dynamic (mhd) power generationHemanth Duru
MHD Power Generation Is a Direct Energy conversion System Which Converts Heat Energy into Electrical Energy Without Any Intermediate stage(i.e Mechanical Energy).
It is a new technology which helps us to reach our world power demands.
It Partially Used in Developed Countries like USSR,USA,Japan.
It is in Under construction in Developing countries like India etc.
Its Losses are Less.
Initial Cost Is High.
This document discusses different instruments used to measure solar radiation. It describes a pyranometer, which measures broadband solar irradiance on a planar surface using a thermopile sensor and glass dome. A pyrheliometer specifically measures direct solar irradiance and requires solar tracking to keep it aimed at the sun. Both instruments adhere to ISO and WMO standards and are used in meteorology, climatology and solar energy studies. A sunshine recorder measures the amount of sunshine at a location using either the sun or a clock as a timescale.
Magneto Hydro Dynamic Power Generation uses the principle that an electrical current is induced when a conductive fluid passes through a magnetic field at high velocity. There are two main types of MHD systems - open cycle systems which use combustion gases and closed cycle systems which reuse gases or use liquid metals. MHD has advantages like high efficiency around 50% and smaller plant size but also limitations like materials challenges from high temperatures and corrosion. Overall MHD is still in development for power generation applications.
ORO551 RES - Unit 1 - Role and potential of new and renewable sourcekarthi keyan
This document outlines the syllabus for a course on renewable energy sources. It includes 5 units that cover various renewable technologies like solar, wind, geothermal, and biomass. Unit 1 discusses the principles of solar radiation and its environmental impacts. Unit 2 covers methods of collecting and storing solar energy. Unit 3 explores applications of solar energy. Later units address wind energy, biomass, and other sources like geothermal and tidal energies. The course objectives and outcomes for each unit are provided along with textbook references and an overview of the course content.
Solar energy storage and its applications iiSARAN RAJ I
This document provides information on solar energy storage and applications. It discusses three main methods for storing solar thermal energy: sensible heat storage, latent heat storage, and thermo-chemical storage. Sensible heat storage involves heating materials without a phase change, latent heat storage uses phase change materials, and thermo-chemical storage relies on reversible chemical reactions. Additional solar thermal storage methods described include solar ponds and stratified storage tanks. The document also outlines various applications that use solar energy, such as solar distillation, drying, photovoltaic power, and remote area power supply systems.
1. The document presents information on focusing type solar collectors. It discusses different types of focusing collectors that use reflecting surfaces to concentrate solar radiation onto absorbing surfaces.
2. Key focusing collector types discussed include cylindrical parabolic collectors, central receiver collectors, and compound parabolic collectors. Concentration ratios can reach as high as 10,000x, allowing surfaces to reach temperatures over 450°C.
3. Advantages of focusing collectors include using less material for higher collection of radiation. However, disadvantages include only collecting beam radiation and additional maintenance needs to keep reflecting surfaces clean and efficient.
This document provides a summary of a seminar presentation about the main parts of a thermal power plant. The summary includes:
- An overview of the key components of a thermal power plant, including the coal handling plant, boiler, turbine generator, transformers, and switchyard.
- Descriptions of the main functions of the boiler, including converting coal energy into steam and heating feedwater and steam.
- Explanations of other important systems like the cooling tower, ash handling plant, water treatment plant, and their roles in the power generation process.
Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion SystemsNaveen Kumar
OTEC or OCEAN THERMAL ENERGY CONVERSION, is a renewable energy technology that converts solar radiation to electric power by use of the world oceans. The use of OTEC as a source of electricity will help reduce the state’s almost complete dependence on imported fossil fuels. About one fourth of the 1.7 * 1013 watts of solar energy reaching the earth’s atmosphere is absorbed by sea water. OTEC can be considered as an indirect solar technology because the surface water are warmed by the sun. OTEC can also be used to produce ammonia, hydrogen, aluminium, chlorine and other chemicals.
The document discusses solar energy and photovoltaic power conversion systems. It notes that the sun provides vastly more energy to Earth than is consumed and describes some key aspects of solar radiation. It also defines solar irradiance and discusses instruments used to measure direct and diffuse solar radiation, including pyranometers and pyrheliometers. Photovoltaic systems are introduced as arrangements that convert sunlight to electricity using solar panels.
The document discusses solar refrigeration systems, including their theory, types (photovoltaic, solar mechanical, absorption), and applications. It describes how solar refrigeration works by using solar energy to power a vapor compression refrigeration cycle. Three main types are described: photovoltaic systems use solar panels to power a compressor, solar mechanical uses solar heat to power a Rankine cycle and generate mechanical energy, and absorption replaces compression with heat-powered absorption into a liquid. Solar refrigeration can provide off-grid refrigeration for food storage, vaccines, and more to address energy access issues.
heavily on fossil fuel
Need to shift toward renewable energy
Government take initiative to increase share of
renewable energy
R&D and technology advancement help to make
renewable energy economical
Public private partnership play a crucial role
With proper policy and planning, India can meet
energy demand from renewable energy sources
This document discusses India's energy sector. It notes that India relies heavily on fossil fuels but is seeking to increase its use of renewable energy. Some key points made include:
- India relies on fossil fuels for 80% of its energy needs but resources are limited and cause pollution.
- Renewable energy development is increasing, with solar and wind being major focuses. The National
OTEC system is based on thermal energy conversion system. In this there are open and closed ocean thermal energy conversion systems along with advantages and disadvantages
This document discusses ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) cycles and their working principles. There are two main types of OTEC cycles - closed cycles that use working fluids like ammonia, and open cycles that use seawater. Closed cycles involve vaporizing a working fluid using warm surface water and condensing it back using cold deep water to drive a turbine. Open cycles use flash evaporation of warm surface water directly to produce steam to drive a turbine, with the exhaust steam condensed back using cold deep water. India has potential for 180GW of OTEC and has commissioned its first 1MW OTEC plant off Tuticorin port called Sagar Shakti.
This document discusses solar energy storage and applications. It describes different methods of solar energy storage including sensible heat storage using materials like water, rocks, and concrete. Latent heat storage using phase change is also discussed. Thermal energy storage techniques like solar ponds are explained. Applications of solar energy covered include solar heating/cooling, distillation, drying, and photovoltaic energy conversion. Basic elements of a solar water heating system and different types including natural circulation and forced circulation models are outlined.
Small Hydro power plant. Small Hydro Power (SHP) is hydro plant with power under 10 MW as defined by United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO):
Choice of technology and site
Small hydro technology is mature and well-established in the market
Improvements: equipment designs, differents materials, control sistem
Typologies of Hydropower plants
a) Run of River Plants
b) Pondage Plants
c) Reservoir Plants
Typologies of Hydropower plants
a) Run of River Plants
A Run of River plant uses the available river flow
A Run of River plant has a little cumulative water
High cost
Typologies of Hydropower plants
b) Pondage Plants
Cumulative water flows permits storage of water for few weeks
Pondage Plant can works when the level of river is low.
Typology of hydropower plants
c) Reservoir Plants
Energy prodution of a Reservoir Plant is based on cumulative water flows
Construction of a very large dam to cumulate water
Usually this kind of plant is not a SHP
Plan SHP
Control national and regional law
Who using the water and how
Story analisis of river flow
Study hidrogeologic and hidrografic of site
Chek principal parameters (Q) river flow avieble and (H) head for calculate power of site
Pubblicity of project and consalting citizen.
Hydroelectric plants
Start easily and quickly and change power output rapidly
Complement large thermal plants (coal and nuclear), which are most efficient in serving base power loads.
Save millions of barrels of oil
SHP emissions
As all other renewable energy sources, SHP plays an important role in reducing the emissions.
Externality of SHP are very low.
This is very important and positive, expecially for Kyoto protocol.
What to do for goal with SHP
Act cordinated strategy:
Informing
Including the people in the projects
Dialogue with opponents
Implementing social compain
This document provides information about magneto hydro dynamic (MHD) power generation. It discusses:
1) MHD is a method of directly converting heat into electricity without a conventional generator by using the flow of an electrically conducting fluid like plasma or liquid metals through a magnetic field.
2) In an MHD generator, a gaseous conductor like ionized gas is passed at high velocity through a magnetic field, inducing a current that can be extracted via electrodes.
3) There are two main types of MHD systems - open cycle uses combustion gases as the working fluid, while closed cycle uses a seeded inert gas or liquid metal as the working fluid in a closed loop.
This document discusses different types of power plants. It begins by describing thermal power plants, including their turbines and cooling towers. It then covers hydroelectric power plants, explaining pelton, reaction, kaplan and francis turbines. The document also examines nuclear power plants, outlining their basic layout and how nuclear reactors work. Additionally, it summarizes gas and diesel power plants. Finally, the document explores non-conventional power sources such as ocean thermal, wind, tidal, geothermal and magneto hydro dynamic systems.
This document discusses tidal power generation. It describes the different types of tides and methods for generating tidal energy, including tidal stream generators, tidal barrages, dynamic tidal power, and tidal lagoons. It also discusses tidal turbines, present tidal power plants worldwide, environmental concerns, and advantages of tidal power. The key methods discussed are tidal barrages, which use dams to capture potential energy of tides, and tidal turbines, which resemble wind turbines and can be placed in tidal currents. Environmental concerns include impacts on estuary ecosystems and risks to fish.
This document provides information about geothermal energy sources and technologies. It begins by defining geothermal energy as heat present within the Earth's crust. It then describes the main types of geothermal resources: hydrothermal systems (vapor-dominated, liquid-dominated, hot water), geopressured resources, hot dry rocks, magma resources, and volcanoes. Details are given about extraction methods like flashed steam and binary cycle systems. Applications discussed include power generation, industrial process heat, space heating, desalination, and using geothermal fluids in chemical industries. Advantages of geothermal include being renewable and less polluting, while disadvantages are lower efficiency and potential for subsidence from fluid withdrawal
Magneto hydro dynamic (mhd) power generationHemanth Duru
MHD Power Generation Is a Direct Energy conversion System Which Converts Heat Energy into Electrical Energy Without Any Intermediate stage(i.e Mechanical Energy).
It is a new technology which helps us to reach our world power demands.
It Partially Used in Developed Countries like USSR,USA,Japan.
It is in Under construction in Developing countries like India etc.
Its Losses are Less.
Initial Cost Is High.
This document discusses different instruments used to measure solar radiation. It describes a pyranometer, which measures broadband solar irradiance on a planar surface using a thermopile sensor and glass dome. A pyrheliometer specifically measures direct solar irradiance and requires solar tracking to keep it aimed at the sun. Both instruments adhere to ISO and WMO standards and are used in meteorology, climatology and solar energy studies. A sunshine recorder measures the amount of sunshine at a location using either the sun or a clock as a timescale.
Magneto Hydro Dynamic Power Generation uses the principle that an electrical current is induced when a conductive fluid passes through a magnetic field at high velocity. There are two main types of MHD systems - open cycle systems which use combustion gases and closed cycle systems which reuse gases or use liquid metals. MHD has advantages like high efficiency around 50% and smaller plant size but also limitations like materials challenges from high temperatures and corrosion. Overall MHD is still in development for power generation applications.
ORO551 RES - Unit 1 - Role and potential of new and renewable sourcekarthi keyan
This document outlines the syllabus for a course on renewable energy sources. It includes 5 units that cover various renewable technologies like solar, wind, geothermal, and biomass. Unit 1 discusses the principles of solar radiation and its environmental impacts. Unit 2 covers methods of collecting and storing solar energy. Unit 3 explores applications of solar energy. Later units address wind energy, biomass, and other sources like geothermal and tidal energies. The course objectives and outcomes for each unit are provided along with textbook references and an overview of the course content.
Solar energy storage and its applications iiSARAN RAJ I
This document provides information on solar energy storage and applications. It discusses three main methods for storing solar thermal energy: sensible heat storage, latent heat storage, and thermo-chemical storage. Sensible heat storage involves heating materials without a phase change, latent heat storage uses phase change materials, and thermo-chemical storage relies on reversible chemical reactions. Additional solar thermal storage methods described include solar ponds and stratified storage tanks. The document also outlines various applications that use solar energy, such as solar distillation, drying, photovoltaic power, and remote area power supply systems.
1. The document presents information on focusing type solar collectors. It discusses different types of focusing collectors that use reflecting surfaces to concentrate solar radiation onto absorbing surfaces.
2. Key focusing collector types discussed include cylindrical parabolic collectors, central receiver collectors, and compound parabolic collectors. Concentration ratios can reach as high as 10,000x, allowing surfaces to reach temperatures over 450°C.
3. Advantages of focusing collectors include using less material for higher collection of radiation. However, disadvantages include only collecting beam radiation and additional maintenance needs to keep reflecting surfaces clean and efficient.
This document provides a summary of a seminar presentation about the main parts of a thermal power plant. The summary includes:
- An overview of the key components of a thermal power plant, including the coal handling plant, boiler, turbine generator, transformers, and switchyard.
- Descriptions of the main functions of the boiler, including converting coal energy into steam and heating feedwater and steam.
- Explanations of other important systems like the cooling tower, ash handling plant, water treatment plant, and their roles in the power generation process.
Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion SystemsNaveen Kumar
OTEC or OCEAN THERMAL ENERGY CONVERSION, is a renewable energy technology that converts solar radiation to electric power by use of the world oceans. The use of OTEC as a source of electricity will help reduce the state’s almost complete dependence on imported fossil fuels. About one fourth of the 1.7 * 1013 watts of solar energy reaching the earth’s atmosphere is absorbed by sea water. OTEC can be considered as an indirect solar technology because the surface water are warmed by the sun. OTEC can also be used to produce ammonia, hydrogen, aluminium, chlorine and other chemicals.
The document discusses solar energy and photovoltaic power conversion systems. It notes that the sun provides vastly more energy to Earth than is consumed and describes some key aspects of solar radiation. It also defines solar irradiance and discusses instruments used to measure direct and diffuse solar radiation, including pyranometers and pyrheliometers. Photovoltaic systems are introduced as arrangements that convert sunlight to electricity using solar panels.
The document discusses solar refrigeration systems, including their theory, types (photovoltaic, solar mechanical, absorption), and applications. It describes how solar refrigeration works by using solar energy to power a vapor compression refrigeration cycle. Three main types are described: photovoltaic systems use solar panels to power a compressor, solar mechanical uses solar heat to power a Rankine cycle and generate mechanical energy, and absorption replaces compression with heat-powered absorption into a liquid. Solar refrigeration can provide off-grid refrigeration for food storage, vaccines, and more to address energy access issues.
heavily on fossil fuel
Need to shift toward renewable energy
Government take initiative to increase share of
renewable energy
R&D and technology advancement help to make
renewable energy economical
Public private partnership play a crucial role
With proper policy and planning, India can meet
energy demand from renewable energy sources
This document discusses India's energy sector. It notes that India relies heavily on fossil fuels but is seeking to increase its use of renewable energy. Some key points made include:
- India relies on fossil fuels for 80% of its energy needs but resources are limited and cause pollution.
- Renewable energy development is increasing, with solar and wind being major focuses. The National
OTEC system is based on thermal energy conversion system. In this there are open and closed ocean thermal energy conversion systems along with advantages and disadvantages
This document discusses ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) cycles and their working principles. There are two main types of OTEC cycles - closed cycles that use working fluids like ammonia, and open cycles that use seawater. Closed cycles involve vaporizing a working fluid using warm surface water and condensing it back using cold deep water to drive a turbine. Open cycles use flash evaporation of warm surface water directly to produce steam to drive a turbine, with the exhaust steam condensed back using cold deep water. India has potential for 180GW of OTEC and has commissioned its first 1MW OTEC plant off Tuticorin port called Sagar Shakti.
Ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) harnesses the temperature difference between shallow and deep ocean waters to generate electricity. It uses a heat engine placed between the warm surface waters and cold deep waters to convert thermal energy into kinetic energy. OTEC has the potential to generate large amounts of renewable energy from the ocean but faces challenges from its low efficiency and high costs. Different cycles have been proposed including open, closed, and hybrid cycles to optimize the design and performance of OTEC plants.
Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) utilizes the temperature difference between warm tropical surface waters and cooler deep ocean waters to operate a heat engine and produce energy. It works similarly to a refrigerator in reverse by using warm surface water to vaporize a working fluid to drive a turbine that generates electricity. The working fluid is then condensed from a vapor to a liquid using cold water pumped up from deep in the ocean. OTEC is an efficient, clean process that could help reduce dependence on foreign oil imports. Its potential is estimated at 1013 Watts of continuous base load power generation globally.
Ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) harnesses the temperature difference between warm surface waters and cold deep ocean waters to generate electricity. The tropical oceans have about a 20°C difference between these waters that can power an OTEC system. OTEC systems pump warm surface water and cold deep water through a heat exchanger and turbine to produce electricity with minimal environmental impact. While capital costs are high currently, OTEC has potential for baseload renewable power due to the constant solar heating of ocean waters.
1. Ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) is a process that generates electricity using the temperature difference between warm surface ocean water and cold deep sea water.
2. OTEC utilizes this temperature difference to power a turbine and generate electricity via a closed-loop or open-loop system. In a closed-loop system, warm water heats a fluid that powers a turbine, while in an open-loop system the warm water itself powers the turbine.
3. OTEC has potential applications for electricity generation, desalination, refrigeration, and mineral extraction. It is a renewable source of energy but high capital costs have prevented widespread commercial use.
This document discusses various methods of ocean energy conversion including ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC), tidal energy, and wave energy. It provides a brief history of OTEC development and describes the working principles of closed-cycle and open-cycle OTEC systems. Advantages include being environmentally friendly and providing a constant energy source, while disadvantages include high capital costs and potential environmental impacts. Applications include desalination and aquaculture. Tidal energy uses barrages and basins to capture potential and kinetic energy from tidal fluctuations, while wave energy technologies include oscillating water columns and floating devices.
Ocean thermal energy conversion utilizes the temperature difference between warm surface waters and cooler deep ocean waters to generate electricity. It has the potential to be a renewable source of energy. The document discusses the types of ocean energy including ocean thermal energy. It describes the components and working of open and closed cycle OTEC systems and their applications in producing electricity, freshwater, refrigeration, and mineral extraction. The efficiency of OTEC plants depends on the temperature difference between the source and sink waters. While renewable, OTEC also has disadvantages such as high capital costs and low conversion efficiency.
Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) is a process that uses the temperature difference between warm surface ocean water and cold deep sea water to produce electricity. There are three types of OTEC systems - closed loop, open loop, and hybrid. OTEC utilizes the large temperature difference between warm surface waters and cold deep ocean water to power a turbine and generate electricity. It has the potential to be a renewable source of clean energy without emissions. However, OTEC plants are currently more expensive to build than fossil fuel plants.
Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) is a process that uses the temperature difference between warm surface ocean water and cold deep sea water to produce electricity. There are three types of OTEC systems - closed loop, open loop, and hybrid. OTEC takes advantage of the sun's energy absorbed and stored in the ocean to drive a turbine that generates electricity. In addition to power generation, OTEC can provide desalinated water, refrigeration, air conditioning, and support aquaculture. While high capital costs currently limit OTEC, it has potential as a renewable source of clean energy without emissions.
Ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) is a renewable energy technology that generates electricity by exploiting the temperature difference between warm surface waters and cold deep waters in tropical oceans. OTEC systems use a heat engine to convert this thermal energy into mechanical power and then electricity. There are two main types of OTEC systems - closed-cycle systems that use a working fluid like ammonia, and open-cycle systems that use seawater directly. While OTEC is a clean energy source that can provide baseload power, its development has been limited by high costs compared to fossil fuels. However, as fossil fuel reserves decline, OTEC may become an important future energy option that can also produce fresh water.
Explore the dynamic world of #PowerPlants with this comprehensive presentation. Delve into the various types of power plants, including fossil fuel, renewable energy, and nuclear. Gain insights into the processes that generate electricity to power our modern world. From turbines to transformers, understand the key components that make these plants efficient sources of energy. Discover the environmental considerations and technological advancements shaping the future of power generation.
OTEC, or Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion, is a technology that generates electricity by exploiting the temperature differences between warm surface waters and colder deep waters in tropical oceans. There are three main types of OTEC systems - floating, land-based, and self-mounted. OTEC plants use the ocean's thermal gradient to evaporate a working fluid like ammonia in a heat exchanger, which then drives a turbine that generates electricity. While OTEC is not yet economically viable at scale, it has advantages of being renewable, low maintenance, and producing fresh water and minerals as byproducts while emitting very little carbon. Further development is needed to minimize environmental impacts and reduce costs to compete with other power sources.
The document discusses Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC), including its history, types such as closed-cycle and open-cycle systems, advantages like producing fresh water and reducing dependence on fossil fuels, and disadvantages like high costs. It provides details on how OTEC works using the temperature difference between cold deep ocean water and warm surface water to run a power cycle and generate electricity. The document also covers tidal power generation using tidal turbines, barrages, and fences.
Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) is a marine renewable energy technology that converts solar radiation to electrical power by the temperature difference between the deep cold ocean water and warm tropical surface water.
The document provides information about geothermal power plants. It discusses that geothermal energy is thermal energy generated and stored in the earth from radioactive decay and the planet's formation. Geothermal power plants use steam from hot water underground to generate electricity without raw materials and with little environmental impact. Locations suitable for geothermal energy have active volcanoes or thin earth crust allowing heat to escape. Electricity is produced through direct use of steam or using steam to power turbines connected to generators. Geothermal energy can also be used directly for heating and in applications like greenhouses, agriculture and industry.
The Kota Super Thermal Power Station (KSTPS) in Rajasthan, India has a total installed capacity of 1240MW. It was established in 1983 on the banks of the Chambal River near Kota. The document then describes the basic processes and components involved in a coal-fired thermal power plant, including coal handling, pulverization, combustion in the boiler, steam generation, superheating, power generation in the turbine and alternator, condensing spent steam, and ash handling. It emphasizes the importance of transitioning to more sustainable energy sources due to finite fossil fuel reserves.
Effect of temperature on the performance of a closed-cycle ocean thermal ener...NUR FARAH
Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) is a process that can produce electricity by using the temperature difference between deep cold ocean water and warm tropical surface waters. OTEC pump large quantities of deep cold seawater and surface seawater to run a power cycle and produce electricity. There are 3 types of OTEC systems which are closed-cycle, open-cycle, and hybrid cycle. Solar thermal collector is used to heat up a fluid. Generally for water or a mixture of glycol and water depending of the configuration of the solar thermal system. The principles are to capture solar radiation, converting it to useful heat and transferring it to a working fluid.
OTEC utilizes the temperature difference between warm surface waters and cold deep ocean waters to generate electricity. Using the Rankine cycle, warm water is used to evaporate a working fluid like ammonia in a heat exchanger, the vapor then drives a turbine which powers a generator before being condensed back into a liquid using cold deep water. While OTEC provides clean energy and fresh water, the large infrastructure needs and costs have limited its commercial development to date.
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2. INTRODUCTION
Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) is an energy technology that converts solar
radiation into electric power.
OTEC systems use the ocean’s natural thermal gradient, consequently the temperature
difference between the warm surface water and the cold deep water below 600 meters by
about 20 0C, an OTEC system can produce a significant amount of power.
Warm water is collected on the surface of the tropical ocean and pumped by a warm
water pump.
The water is pumped through the boiler, where some of the water is used to heat the
working fluid, usually propane or some similar material.
If it is cooler you can use a material with a lower boiling point like ammonia (-33 °C). The
vapour expands through a turbine which is coupled to a generator that generates electric
power.
Cold water from the bottom is pumped through the condensers, where the vapour returns
to the liquid state. The fluid is pumped back into the boiler.
3. Types of Energy Conversion Systems
There are three types of OTEC designs:
1. Closed Cycle OTEC System
2. Open Cycle OTEC System
3. Hybrid Cycle OTEC System.
Among these three systems, closed and open cycle systems are different .
Hybrid cycle is a combination of both closed and open cycle systems.
In this presentation I’m explaining about Closed and Open cycle OTEC Systems.
5. Closed cycle is also called as Anderson cycle.
The components of a closed cycle system are heat exchangers, turbo generator, feed pump.
Closed cycle system uses fluid with a low boiling point, such as ammonia (NH3), to power
a turbine to generate electricity.
Warm surface sea water is pumped through a heat exchanger to vaporize the fluid.
The expanding vapour turns the turbo-generator and generates electricity.
Cold water is pumped through a second heat exchanger i.e. condenser, it condenses the
vapour into a liquid.
The condensed liquid is pressurised with the help of feed pump and is send into the
evaporator.
Due to the repeatability of the same working fluid, whose flow path and thermodynamic
process represents closed loop, hence it is named as closed cycle.
7. Open cycle system is also called as Claude cycle.
Open-cycle OTEC uses warm surface water directly to make electricity.
The warm sea water from surface is sent into the Deaerator. The function of deaerator to
remove the dissolved gases from the fluid and the non-condensable gases is send into the
atmosphere,
The condensable fluid is sent into the flash evaporator to convert it into steam. The warm
water discharges away from the evaporator.
The low pressure steam from the evaporator flows through the turbine and hits the blades
to rotate. The turbine shaft is connected to a generator which produces electricity.
The exhaust steam from the turbine is transferred directly to the condenser.
The cold water from the deeper layers of ocean is taken to the condenser and is sprinkled to
convert the exhaust steam into a liquid.
The liquid is sent to the deeper layers of ocean an it is recycled.
8. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF OTEC
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
Cleaner, No air pollution. More expensive than power from fossil
fuels.
It can produce massive amount of electrical
energy.
Electricity must also be produced to land.
Helps in producing fuels such as hydrogen,
ammonia and methanol.
OTEC plants must be located where a
difference of about 200C occurs year
around.
Has the potential to meet all the world’s
energy needs
Less efficient than coal