This document discusses sleep patterns and sleep cycles. It explains that sleep occurs in cycles with 4 non-REM stages and 1 REM stage. Non-REM stages progress from light to deep sleep while REM sleep involves eye movements. Common sleep disorders like insomnia, hypersomnia, narcolepsy and sleep apnea are also outlined. Finally, the document discusses factors affecting sleep and some management strategies for sleep disorders.

2. sleep pattern
S BANKIM
NURSING TUTOR
MMCON

3. INTRODUCTION
 Physical and mental health depends on
adequate rest and sleep.
 Rest and sleep is essential for :-
 Concentration
 Decision making
 Daily activities
 Mental peace

4. DEFINITION
 SLEEP: - Sleep is a naturally occurring altered
state of consciousness characterized by
decrease in awareness and responsiveness to
stimuli.
OR
 Sleep is a cyclic physiological process that
alternates with longer period of wakefulness.

5. SLEEP CYCLE
 Consists of five stages-
 Four stages are classified as non-rapid eye
movement (NERM) sleep
 Other stage is called REM (rapid eye
movement) sleep.

6. SLEEP CYCLE

7. Non-rapid eye movement sleep
(NREM)
 STAGE 1:-
 Called the gateway of sleep
 Transitional stage between drowsiness and
sleep
 Body begin to loss its muscle tone
 Muscles become relax
 Pulse rate decreases
 Last only a few minutes and if awakened the
person may say he or she was not asleep.

8. STAGE 2
 Stage of light sleep from which the person is
easily awakened
 Rolling eye movements continue and snoring
may occur
 Body temperature starts to decrease
 Heart rate begins to slow down.
 Blood pressure, metabolism, secretions and
cardiac activity decrease.
 Lasts for 15-30 min.

9. STAGE 3
 Initial stage of deep sleep
 Last for 15-30 min.
 Transitional period between light sleep and
very deep sleep.
 More difficult to awaken as compared to stage
1 and 2
 Needs a louder noise or an active attempt to
wake the person.

10. STAGE 4
 Deepest stage of sleeps very difficult to
arouse. The brain waves are quite large
 Body functions continue to decline to the
deepest possible state of physical rest
 Responsible for restoring and resting body.
 Lasts for approximately 15-30 min.
 Hard to awaken

11. Rapid eye movements (REM)
 Closely resembles wakefulness
 noted by careful observation of eye
movements detectable through closed lids
 Blood pressure and pulse rate show wide
variations and may fluctuate rapidly
 Respirations are irregular and oxygen
consumption increases.

12. Required hours for sleep by age
AGE AND CONDITIONS AVERAGE AMOUNT OF SLEEP
PER DAY
Newborn Up to 18 hours
1-12 months 14-18 hours
1-3 years 12-15 hours
3-5 years 11-13 hours
5-12 years 9-11 hours
Adolescents 9-10
Adult, including elderly 7-8 (+) hours
Pregnant women 8 (+) hours

13. FUNCTIONS OF SLEEP
Beneficial in
preserving
cardiac
functions
Restore
biological
processes
Human
growth
hormone
Energy
conservation
Psychologic
al
restoration
Memory
consolidatio
n

14. FACTORS AFFECTING SLEEP
Psychologic
stress
Motivation Diet Alcohol intake
Caffeine
containing
beverages
Smoking
Environmental
factors
Lifestyle
Illness Medications
Exercise and
fatigue

15. SLEEP DISORDERS

16. COMMON SLEEP DISORDERS
Insomnia Hypersomnia
Narcolepsy Sleep apnea

17. Insomnia
 Common sleep disorder
 Characterized by difficulty in initiating sleep
 Frequent awakening from sleep.
 Classified as idiopathic or psychological.

18. Hypersomnia
 Characterized by excessive sleep, particularly
during the day.
 May result from medical conditions
 Used as coping mechanism when someone
has no desire or energy to face a new day.

19. Narcolepsy
 Characterized by an uncontrollable desire to
sleep.
 Fall asleep standing up, while driving a car or
while swimming.
 This disabling condition should not to be
confused with hyper somnolence, which is
excessive sleeping for long periods.

20. Sleep apnea
 Periods of no breathing between snoring
intervals.
 may not breathe for periods of 10-20 seconds
to as long as 2 minutes.
 Obstructive sleep apnea results when the
airway is occluded due to collapse of the hypo
pharynx.
 During long periods of apnea, there is a drop in
the oxygen level of the blood, the pulse usually
become irregular and the blood pressure often

21. MANAGEMENT
 Restful environment
 Bedtime rituals
 Appropriate bedtime snacks and beverages
 Promoting relaxation
 Promoting comfort
 Scheduling nursing care to avoid unnecessary
disturbance
 Medications to produce sleep
 Teaching about rest and sleep

22. CONCLUSION
Sleep is an important life process in every
living organism’s life. Sleep disorders can
result in imbalance in the normal
homeostatic mechanisms. So it is very
important to identify and solve the sleep
disorders at the earliest.